Emkhakheni wokulinganisa ngokunemba, amathuluzi okulinganisa okubonakalayo emishafini adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nokuma kwezingxenye zeshafini. Ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezisekelo zazo ezindaweni ezinomswakama kuthinta ngqo ukunemba kwemiphumela yokulinganisa kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo yemishini. Ukubhekana nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinomswakama ophezulu njengezindawo zokusebenzela zezimboni nezindawo ezisogwini, izisekelo zegranite, ezinezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezinzuzo zokulwa nokugqwala, sekuyindlela efanelekile yamathuluzi okulinganisa okubonakalayo emishafini.
Izinselele zezindawo ezimanzi ezisekelweni zezinsimbi zokulinganisa
Indawo enomswakama iyinkinga enkulu ebhekene nesisekelo sezinsimbi zokulinganisa ze-shaft optical. Umswakama emoyeni ngeke nje ujiye ebusweni besisekelo ukuze wakhe ifilimu yamanzi, kodwa futhi ungangena ngaphakathi kwezinto. Ezisekelweni zensimbi, njengezisekelo zensimbi ezicijile noma zensimbi, indawo enomswakama ingabangela kalula ukubola nokugqwala, okuholela ekugqwaleni nasekuqhekekeni kobuso besisekelo, okuthinta ukunemba kokufakwa kanye nokuqina kwethuluzi lokulinganisa. Okwamanje, ukugqwala okukhiqizwa ukugqwala kungangena ezingxenyeni ezinembile zethuluzi lokulinganisa, okubangela ukuguguleka nokuxinana kwezingxenye, okuthinta kakhulu ukunemba kokulinganisa kanye nokusebenza okuvamile kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kokushisa kanye nomphumela wokufinyela okubangelwa izinguquko zomswakama kungaholela ezinguqukweni ezincane ngobukhulu besisekelo, okubangela ukubhekisela kokulinganisa ukuthi kushintshe futhi kuholele emaphutheni okulinganisa angenakunakwa.
Impahla yemvelo yokulwa nokugqwala kwe-granite
I-granite, njengohlobo lwetshe lemvelo, inenzuzo engokwemvelo yokulwa nokugqwala. Amakristalu amaminerali angaphakathi aqiniswa kakhulu futhi isakhiwo siminyene futhi sifana, sakha isithiyo semvelo esivikelayo esivimbela kakhulu ukungena kwamanzi. Ngokungafani nezinto zensimbi, i-granite ayihlangabezani nokusabela kwamakhemikhali nezinto ezivamile ze-acidic noma ze-alkaline. Ngisho noma ivezwa endaweni enomswakama equkethe amagesi agqwalisayo noma uketshezi isikhathi eside, ingagcina izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile futhi ngeke ibhekane nezinkinga ezifana nokugqwala noma ukugqwala.
Emabhizinisini okukhiqiza imishini ezindaweni ezisogwini, umswakama womoya ezindaweni zokusebenzela uhlala uphakeme unyaka wonke futhi uqukethe inani elithile likasawoti. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elibonakalayo lemishayo enezisekelo zensimbi ezicijile lizobonisa izenzakalo ezisobala zokugqwala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje, futhi iphutha lokulinganisa lizoqhubeka landa. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elinesisekelo segranite lihlale libushelelezi futhi lisha njengakuqala ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokusetshenziswa, futhi ukunemba kwalo kokulinganisa bekulokhu kuzinzile, okubonisa ngokugcwele ukusebenza okuvelele kokulwa nokugqwala kwegranite endaweni enomswakama.
Izinzuzo zokusebenza eziphelele zezisekelo ze-granite
Ngaphezu kokumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, isisekelo se-granite sinezinye izinzuzo eziningi, sihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphelele kokusebenza okuzinzile kwethuluzi lokulinganisa le-shaft optical endaweni enomswakama. I-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kwe-granite iphansi kakhulu, ingu-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃ kuphela. Ngaphansi kokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ukushintsha komswakama, ayidluli ekuguqulweni kobukhulu, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwereferensi yokulinganisa. Okwamanje, izici ezinhle kakhulu zokunciphisa ukudlidliza kwe-granite zingamunca ngempumelelo ukudlidliza kwangaphandle. Ngisho noma imishini izwa ukuzwakala okuncane ngenxa yethonya lomhwamuko wamanzi endaweni enomswakama, ukudlidliza kungancishiswa ngokushesha, kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kokunemba kokulinganisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokucutshungulwa okunembe kakhulu, isisekelo se-granite singafinyelela ukuthamba okuphezulu kakhulu, okuhlinzeka ngereferensi ethembekile yokulinganisa ngokunemba okuphezulu kwezingxenye zomgodi. Isici sayo sokuqina okuphezulu (ubulukhuni be-Mohs obungu-6-7) senza indawo eyisisekelo ibe nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka. Ngisho nokusetshenziswa njalo endaweni enomswakama, cishe ayigugi, okwandisa isikhathi senkonzo yethuluzi lokulinganisa.
Emkhakheni wokulinganisa okukhanya kwemishayo enezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu, izinkinga zokugqwala nokuzinza okubangelwa izindawo ezinomswakama azinakwa. Izisekelo zegranite, ezinezakhiwo zazo zemvelo zokulwa nokugqwala, ukusebenza okuzinzile ngokomzimba kanye nezinzuzo eziphelele ezivelele, sezibe yisisombululo esiphezulu salezi zinkinga. Ukukhetha ithuluzi lokulinganisa okukhanya lemishayo enesisekelo segranite kungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile endaweni enomswakama, kukhiphe idatha yokulinganisa enembile nethembekile, futhi kuvikele intuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu yezimboni ezifana nokukhiqiza kwemishini kanye nezindiza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-13-2025