Umbhede womshini usebenza njengesisekelo sesisekelo sanoma iyiphi into engumshini, futhi inqubo yawo yokuhlanganisa iyisinyathelo esibalulekile esibeka ukuqina kwesakhiwo, ukunemba kwejometri, nokuzinza okuguquguqukayo kwesikhathi eside. Kude nomhlangano olula onamabhawudi, ukwakha umbhede womshini onembayo kuyinselelo yobunjiniyela besistimu yezigaba eziningi. Isinyathelo ngasinye—kusuka ereferensini yokuqala kuya ekulungiseni okokugcina—sidinga ukulawulwa kwe-synergistic kokuhlukahluka okuningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umbhede ugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi.
Umsebenzi oyisisekelo: Ireferensi Yokuqala kanye Nokubekwa ezingeni
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa iqala ngokusungula indiza eyinkomba ephelele. Lokhu ngokuvamile kufinyelelwa kusetshenziswa ipuleti eliphezulu legwadle elinembe kakhulu noma i-laser tracker njengophawu lomhlaba jikelele. Isisekelo sombhede womshini siqale silingane kusetshenziswa ama-wedge asekelayo (ama-chock blocks). Amathuluzi okulinganisa akhethekile, njengamaleveli e-elekthronikhi, asetshenziselwa ukulungisa lezi zisekelo kuze kube yilapho iphutha lokufana phakathi komzila wombhede kanye nendiza eyinkomba incishisiwe.
Emibhedeni emikhulu kakhulu, kusetshenziswa isu lokulinganisa elihlukaniswe ngezigaba: izindawo zokusekela ezimaphakathi zilungiswa kuqala, futhi izinga liqhubekela ngaphandle liye ngasekugcineni. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuqondisa komzila usebenzisa inkomba yokudayela kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuhlehla maphakathi noma ukusonteka emaphethelweni ngenxa yesisindo somzimba wengxenye. Ukunakwa nakho kukhokhwa ezintweni zama-wedges asekelayo; i-cast iron ivame ukukhethwa ku-coefficient yayo efanayo yokunweba okushisayo kumbhede womshini, kuyilapho amaphedi ayinhlanganisela asetshenziselwa izakhiwo zawo zokudambisa eziphakeme ezinhlelweni ezizwela ukudlidliza. Ifilimu elincanyana lokuthambisa elikhethekile lokulwa nokubanjwa endaweni yokuxhumana linciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokungqubuzana futhi livimbele ukushelela okuncane phakathi nesigaba sokulungisa isikhathi eside.
Ukuhlanganisa Okunembayo: Ukuhlanganisa Uhlelo Lomhlahlandlela
Isistimu yokuqondisa iyingxenye eyinhloko enesibopho sokunyakaza komugqa, futhi ukunemba kwayo kokuhlanganiswa kuhambisana ngokuqondile nekhwalithi yokumaka imishini. Ngemva kokulungiswa kokuqala ngezikhonkwane zendawo, umzila wesitimela uyaboshelwa, futhi amandla angaphambi kokungezwani asetshenziswa ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa amapuleti okucindezela. Inqubo yangaphambi kokushuba kufanele ihambisane nomgomo "okufanayo nokuqhubekayo": amabhawodi aqiniswa ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka maphakathi nomgwaqo ukuya ngaphandle, kusetshenziswa itorque eyingxenye kuphela emzuliswaneni ngamunye kuze kube yilapho kuhlangatshezwana nencazelo yedizayini. Le nqubo eqinile ivimbela ukugxila kwengcindezi yendawo okungase kubangele ukukhothama komgwaqo.
Inselele ebalulekile ukulungisa imvume yokugijima phakathi kwamabhulokhi esilayida nomgwaqo. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa igeyiji ehlanganisiwe yokuzizwa kanye nendlela yokulinganisa inkomba yokudayela. Ngokufaka ama- feeler gauge obukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokulinganisa ukususwa kwesilayidi okuwumphumela ngenkomba yokudayela, ijika lokususa indawo liyakhiqizwa. Le datha iqondisa ukulungiswa okuncane kwamaphinikhodi e-eccentric noma amabhulokhi e-wedge ohlangothini lwesilayidi, okuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kokuvumelana okufanayo. Emibhedeni enembe kakhulu, ifilimu ye-nano-lubrication ingase isetshenziswe endaweni engumhlahlandlela ukuze kwehliswe i-coefficient yokungqubuzana futhi kuthuthukiswe ukushelela kokunyakaza.
Ukuxhuma Okuqinile: I-Spindle Headstock to Bed
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-spindle headstock, inhliziyo yokuphuma kwamandla, nombhede womshini kudinga ibhalansi ecophelelayo yokudluliswa komthwalo oqinile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokudlidliza. Ukuhlanzeka kwezindawo zokukhwelana kubaluleke kakhulu; izindawo okuxhunywana nazo kufanele zisulwe ngokucophelela nge-ejenti yokuhlanza ezinikele ukuze kususwe konke ukungcola, kulandelwe ukufakwa kongqimba oluncane lwegrisi ye-silicone esezingeni lokuhlaziya ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kokuxhumana.
Ukulandelana kokuqinisa amabhawodi kubalulekile. Iphethini yokulinganisa, ngokuvamile "enweba ngaphandle kusukela phakathi nendawo," isetshenziswa. Amabhawudi endaweni emaphakathi aqiniswa kuqala kuqala, ngokulandelana kwawo kuphumela ngaphandle. Isikhathi sokukhulula ingcindezi kufanele sifakwe phakathi ngemuva komjikelezo ngamunye wokuqinisa. Ezixhunyweni ezibucayi, umtshina wokulayisha kuqala we-bolt we-ultrasonic usetshenziselwa ukuqapha amandla e-axial ngesikhathi sangempela, uqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okufanayo kuwo wonke amabhawodi futhi uvimbele ukuxegiswa kwendawo okungase kubangele ukudlidliza okungafuneki.
Ngemuva kokuxhumeka, ukuhlaziywa kwe-modal kuyenziwa. I-exciter idala ukudlidliza kumafrikhwensi athile ku-headstock, futhi ama-accelerometer aqoqa amasiginali wokuphendula kuwo wonke umbhede womshini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amafrikhwensi e-base anqanyulwe ngokwanele ebangeni lefrikhwensi yokusebenza kwesistimu. Uma kutholwa ingcuphe ye-resonance, ukuncishiswa kuhilela ukufaka amashimu amanzi esixhumi esibonakalayo noma ukulungisa kahle ukulayisha kwebhawodi ukuze kuthuthukiswe indlela yokudlulisa ukudlidliza.
Ukuqinisekiswa Kokugcina Nesinxephezelo Sokunemba Kwejometri
Uma usuhlanganisiwe, umbhede womshini kufanele uhlolwe okokugcina kwejometri. I-laser interferometer ikala ukuqondisa, isebenzisa ukuhlanganisa kwesibuko ukuze ikhulise ukuchezuka okuncane ngobude bomzila. Isistimu yeleveli ye-elekthronikhi yenza imephu yendawo, isungula iphrofayela ye-3D kusukela kumaphuzu wokulinganisa amaningi. I-autocollimator ihlola i-perpendicularity ngokuhlaziya ukushintshwa kwendawo ekhanyayo evela ku-prism enembile.
Noma yikuphi ukuchezuka okutholiwe kokungabekezelelani kudinga isinxephezelo esinembile. Ngamaphutha okuqondisa enziwe endawo kumhlahlandlela, indawo esekelayo yeweji ingalungiswa ngokuklwebha ngesandla. I-ejenti yonjiniyela isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi ukungqubuzana okuvela kusilayida esinyakazayo kuveza iphethini yokuxhumana. Amaphuzu aphezulu acwecwa ngokucophelela ukuze kancane kancane afinyelele i-contour yetiyori. Emibhedeni emikhulu lapho ukukhuhla kungenzeki khona, ubuchwepheshe bokunxeshezelwa ngama-hydraulic bungasetshenziswa. Amasilinda amancane we-hydraulic ahlanganiswe kumaweji asekelayo, okuvumela ukulungiswa okungabhubhisi kogqinsi lwe-wedge ngokumodela ingcindezi kawoyela, ukufeza ukunemba ngaphandle kokususwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuthunyelwa nokulayishwa okulayishiwe
Izigaba zokugcina zibandakanya ukugunyazwa. Phakathi nesigaba sokususa iphutha esingalayishiwe, umbhede usebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezilingisayo kuyilapho ikhamera ye-infrared eshisayo iqapha ijika lokushisa le-headstock futhi ikhomba izindawo ezishisayo zendawo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isiteshi sokupholisa esingaba khona. Izinzwa ze-torque ziqapha ukushintsha kokuphuma kwemoto, okuvumela ukulungiswa kokucaciswa kweketango lokushayela. Isigaba sokususa amaphutha esilayishiwe sinyusa kancane kancane amandla okusika, sibheka i-spectrum yokudlidliza kombhede kanye nekhwalithi yokuqedwa kwendawo eyenziwe ngomshini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwesakhiwo kuhlangabezana nezicaciso zedizayini ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomhlaba wangempela.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye yombhede womshini kuwukuhlanganiswa okuhlelekile kwezinyathelo eziningi, izinqubo ezilawulwa ngokunemba. Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zomhlangano, izindlela zesinxephezelo esishintshashintshayo, nokuqinisekisa okuphelele, i-ZHHIMG iqinisekisa ukuthi umbhede womshini ugcina ukunemba kwezinga le-micron ngaphansi kwemithwalo eyinkimbinkimbi, ihlinzeka ngesisekelo esinganyakaziki sokusebenza kwemishini esezingeni lomhlaba. Njengoba ukutholwa okuhlakaniphile nobuchwepheshe bokuzilungisa buqhubeka buthuthuka, ukuhlangana kombhede womshini esikhathini esizayo kuzobikezelwa ngokwandayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuphushele ukukhiqizwa kwemishini emibusweni emisha yokunemba.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2025