Kuyini i-NDE?
Ukuhlolwa Okungabhubhisi (i-NDE) yigama elivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana ne-NDT. Kodwa-ke, ngokobuchwepheshe, i-NDE isetshenziselwa ukuchaza izilinganiso ezinobungako obukhulu. Isibonelo, indlela ye-NDE ngeke ithole nje kuphela iphutha, kodwa izosetshenziselwa nokulinganisa okuthile ngaleyo phutha njengosayizi wayo, ukuma kwayo, kanye nokuma kwayo. I-NDE ingasetshenziswa ukunquma izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, njengokuqina kokuphuka, ukwakheka, nezinye izici zomzimba.
Ezinye zezobuchwepheshe ze-NDT/NDE:
Abantu abaningi sebejwayelene nobuchwepheshe obuthile obusetshenziswa ku-NDT kanye ne-NDE ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwabo embonini yezokwelapha. Iningi labantu liphinde lathathwa i-X-ray kanti omama abaningi basebenzise i-ultrasound odokotela ukuze bahlole izingane zabo zisesesibelethweni. I-X-ray kanye ne-ultrasound kumane nje kungenye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziswa emkhakheni we-NDT/NDE. Inani lezindlela zokuhlola libonakala likhula nsuku zonke, kodwa isifinyezo esifushane sezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu sinikezwe ngezansi.
Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo Nokubona (VT)
Indlela eyisisekelo ye-NDT ukuhlola ngokubona. Abahloli ababona ngokubona balandela izinqubo ezisukela ekubhekeni nje ingxenye ukuze babone ukuthi amaphutha angaphezulu ayabonakala yini, kuya ekusebenziseni izinhlelo zekhamera ezilawulwa yikhompyutha ukuze zibone futhi zilinganise ngokuzenzakalelayo izici zengxenye.
I-X-ray (RT)
I-RT ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe ye-gamma noma ye-X engenela ngaphakathi ukuhlola amaphutha ezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nomkhiqizo kanye nezici zangaphakathi. Umshini we-X-ray noma i-isotope enemisebe isetshenziswa njengomthombo wemisebe. Imisebe iqondiswa ngengxenye bese ingena kwifilimu noma kwenye imidiya. I-shadowgraph ephumelayo ikhombisa izici zangaphakathi kanye nomsindo wengxenye. Ubukhulu bezinto kanye nezinguquko zobuningi zikhonjiswa njengezindawo ezikhanyayo noma ezimnyama kwifilimu. Izindawo ezimnyama kwi-radiograph engezansi zimelela izikhala zangaphakathi kwingxenye.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya ZikaMagnetic (MT)
Le ndlela ye-NDT ifezwa ngokufaka insimu yamagnetic ezintweni ze-ferromagnetic bese ufaka uthuli ebusweni ngezinhlayiya zensimbi (kungaba ezomile noma ezilenga oketshezini). Amaphutha angaphezulu naseduze kobuso akhiqiza izigxobo zamagnetic noma aphambanise insimu yamagnetic ngendlela yokuthi izinhlayiya zensimbi zidonseleke futhi zigxile. Lokhu kuveza isibonakaliso esibonakalayo sesici ebusweni bezinto. Izithombe ezingezansi zibonisa ingxenye ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlolwa kusetshenziswa izinhlayiya zamagnetic ezomile.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT)
Ekuhlolweni kwe-ultrasonic, amaza omsindo avame kakhulu adluliselwa entweni ukuze kutholakale ukungapheleli noma ukuthola izinguquko ezakhiweni zezinto. Indlela yokuhlola ye-ultrasonic esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-pulse echo, lapho umsindo ufakwa entweni yokuhlola bese kubuyiselwa ukubonakaliswa (ama-echo) okuvela ekungaphelelini kwangaphakathi noma ezindaweni zejometri zengxenye kumuntu okwamukelayo. Ngezansi isibonelo sokuhlolwa kwe-shear wave weld. Qaphela isibonakaliso esifinyelela emikhawulweni ephezulu yesikrini. Lesi sibonakaliso sikhiqizwa umsindo obonakala kusuka esicini ngaphakathi kwe-weld.
Ukuhlolwa Kokungena (PT)
Into yokuhlola imbozwe ngesisombululo esiqukethe udayi obonakalayo noma okhanyayo. Isixazululo eseqile siyasuswa ebusweni bento kodwa sishiywe sinamaphutha okuphuka kobuso. Unjiniyela ube esesetshenziswa ukukhipha i-penetrant emaphutheni. Ngamadayi akhanyayo, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kusetshenziswa ukwenza i-bleeding out fluoresce ikhanye, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele amaphutha ukuthi abonakale kalula. Ngamadayi abonakalayo, umehluko wombala ocacile phakathi kwe-penetrant kanye nonjiniyela wenza "i-bleedout" ibe lula ukuyibona. Izinkomba ezibomvu ezingezansi zimele amaphutha amaningana kule ngxenye.
EUkuhlolwa kwe-electromagnetic (ET)
Ama-eddy currents (ama-eddy currents) akhiqizwa ezintweni eziqhuba ugesi yinsimu yamagnetic eshintshayo. Amandla ale mishini ye-eddy angalinganiswa. Amaphutha ezinto abangela ukuphazamiseka ekugelezeni kwama-eddy currents okuxwayisa umhloli ngokuba khona kwephutha. Ama-eddy currents nawo athintwa ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kanye nokuvuleka kwamagnetic kwezinto, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlunga ezinye izinto ngokusekelwe kulezi zakhiwo. Uchwepheshe ongezansi uhlola iphiko lendiza ukuze athole amaphutha.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuvuza (LT)
Kusetshenziswa amasu amaningana ukuthola nokuthola ukuvuza ezingxenyeni zokulawula ingcindezi, imithambo yokucindezela, kanye nezakhiwo. Ukuvuza kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa amadivayisi okulalela kagesi, izilinganiso zokulinganisa ingcindezi, amasu okungena koketshezi kanye negesi, kanye/noma ukuhlolwa okulula kwebhamuza lensipho.
Ukuhlolwa Kokukhishwa Kwe-Acoustic (AE)
Uma into eqinile icindezelekile, ukungapheleli ngaphakathi kwento kukhipha amandla amancane e-acoustic abizwa ngokuthi "ukukhishwa kwe-emissions." Njengokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukukhishwa kwe-acoustic kungatholakala ngabamukeli abakhethekile. Imithombo yokukhishwa kwe-emission ingahlolwa ngokutadisha ukuqina kwayo nesikhathi sokufika ukuze kuqoqwe ulwazi mayelana nemithombo yamandla, njengendawo yayo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 27-2021