Ukukhethwa kwepulatifomu yokunyakaza eqondile esekelwe ku-granite efaneleke kakhulu yesicelo esithile kuncike ezintweni eziningi kanye nezimo eziguquguqukayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye lunesethi yalo ehlukile yezidingo okumele ziqondwe futhi zibekwe phambili ukuze kulandelwe ikhambi eliphumelelayo ngokwepulatifomu yokunyakaza.
Esinye sezixazululo ezitholakala kabanzi sihilela ukufaka izigaba zokubeka ezihlukile esakhiweni se-granite. Esinye isisombululo esivamile sihlanganisa izingxenye ezakha ama-axis okunyakaza ngqo kwi-granite uqobo. Ukukhetha phakathi kwesiteji se-granite kanye nepulatifomu ye-integrated-granite motion (IGM) kungenye yezinqumo zangaphambilini okufanele zenziwe enkambisweni yokukhetha. Kukhona umehluko ocacile phakathi kwezinhlobo zombili zezixazululo, futhi vele ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo - kanye nezixwayiso - okudingeka ziqondwe futhi zicatshangelwe ngokucophelela.
Ukuze sinikeze ukuqonda okungcono ngale nqubo yokwenza izinqumo, sihlola umehluko phakathi kwemiklamo emibili eyisisekelo yesikhulumi sokunyakaza esiqondile — isisombululo sendabuko sesiteji-on-granite, kanye nesisombululo se-IGM — kokubili emibonweni yobuchwepheshe kanye neyezezimali ngesimo sesifundo secala esithwala imishini.
Ingemuva
Ukuze sihlole ukufana nomehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-IGM nezinhlelo zendabuko ze-stage-on-granite, sikhiqize imiklamo emibili yokuhlola:
- Ukuthwala kwemishini, isiteji-on-granite
- Ukuthwala kwemishini, i-IGM
Kuzo zombili izimo, uhlelo ngalunye luqukethe ama-axis amathathu okunyakaza. I-Y axis inikeza ukuhamba okungu-1000 mm futhi itholakala esisekelweni sesakhiwo se-granite. I-X axis, etholakala ebhulohweni lenhlangano enokuhamba okungu-400 mm, ithwala i-Z-axis eqondile enokuhamba okungu-100 mm. Lokhu kuhlelwa kumelelwe ngesithombe.
Ngomklamo we-stage-on-granite, sikhethe i-PRO560LM ububanzi bomzimba we-axis ye-Y ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo, ovame ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo eziningi zokunyakaza kusetshenziswa lolu hlelo lwe-“Y/XZ split-bridge”. Nge-axis ye-X, sikhethe i-PRO280LM, evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-axis yebhuloho ezinhlelweni eziningi. I-PRO280LM inikeza ibhalansi esebenzayo phakathi konyawo lwayo kanye nekhono layo lokuthwala i-axis ye-Z nomthwalo wekhasimende.
Kumiklamo ye-IGM, siphinde salingisa ngokuseduze imiqondo eyisisekelo yokuklama kanye nezakhiwo zama-axes angenhla, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ama-axes e-IGM akhiwe ngqo esakhiweni se-granite, ngakho-ke awanazo izisekelo zezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ezikhona kumiklamo yesiteji-on-granite.
Okuvamile kuzo zombili izimo zokuklama yi-Z axis, eyakhethwa ukuba ibe yisiteji esiqhutshwa yibhola le-PRO190SL. Lesi yi-axis ethandwa kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ekuqondeni okuqondile ebhulohweni ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu wokulayisha umthwalo kanye nesici sokwakheka esincane.
Isibalo 2 sibonisa izinhlelo ezithile ze-stage-on-granite kanye ne-IGM ezifundwe.
Ukuqhathanisa Kobuchwepheshe
Izinhlelo ze-IGM zakhiwe kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukahlukene kanye nezingxenye ezifana nalezo ezitholakala emiklamo yendabuko yesiteji-on-granite. Ngenxa yalokho, kunezakhiwo eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezifanayo phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-IGM kanye nezinhlelo zesiteji-on-granite. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuhlanganisa ama-axes okunyakaza ngqo esakhiweni se-granite kunikeza izici eziningana ezihlukanisayo ezihlukanisa izinhlelo ze-IGM ezinhlelweni zesiteji-on-granite.
Isici Sefomu
Mhlawumbe ukufana okusobala kakhulu kuqala ngesisekelo somshini — i-granite. Nakuba kukhona umehluko ezicini nasekubekezeleleni phakathi kwemiklamo ye-stage-on-granite kanye ne-IGM, ubukhulu besisekelo se-granite, ama-risers kanye ne-bridge kuyalingana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhamba okulinganiselwe kanye nomkhawulo kuyafana phakathi kwe-stage-on-granite kanye ne-IGM.
Ukwakhiwa
Ukuntuleka kwezisekelo ze-axis ezisetshenziswa ngomshini ekwakhiweni kwe-IGM kunikeza izinzuzo ezithile ngaphezu kwezixazululo ze-stage-on-granite. Ikakhulukazi, ukunciphisa izingxenye ku-loop yesakhiwo se-IGM kusiza ukwandisa ukuqina kwe-axis iyonke. Kuphinde kuvumele ibanga elifushane phakathi kwesisekelo se-granite kanye nobuso obuphezulu benqola. Kulesi sifundo esithile, ukwakheka kwe-IGM kunikeza ukuphakama kobuso bomsebenzi okuphansi ngo-33% (80 mm uma kuqhathaniswa no-120 mm). Lokhu kuphakama okuncane kokusebenza akugcini nje ngokuvumela ukwakheka okunciphile, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ama-offset omshini kusuka ku-motor kanye ne-encoder kuya endaweni yokusebenza, okuholela ekunciphiseni amaphutha e-Abbe futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokubeka indawo yokusebenza.
Izingxenye ze-Axis
Uma sibheka ngokujulile ekwakhiweni, izixazululo ze-stage-on-granite kanye ne-IGM zabelana ngezingxenye ezibalulekile, njengezinjini eziqondile kanye nezikhombisi-khodi zesikhundla. Ukukhethwa kwethrekhi ye-cer kanye ne-magnet evamile kuholela emandleni afanayo okukhipha amandla. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa izikhombisi-khodi ezifanayo kuzo zombili imiklamo kunikeza isixazululo esihle esifanayo sokubeka impendulo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukunemba okuqondile kanye nokusebenza okuphindaphindwayo akuhlukile kakhulu phakathi kwezixazululo ze-stage-on-granite kanye ne-IGM. Ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwamabhere kanye nokubekezelelana, kuholela ekusebenzeni okufanayo ngokweminyakazo yamaphutha ejiyometri (okungukuthi, ukuqondisa okuvundlile nokuqondile, iphimbo, ukugoqa kanye nokugoqa). Okokugcina, izinto ezisekelayo zombili imiklamo, kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwekhebula, imikhawulo kagesi kanye nama-hardstops, ziyafana ngokuyisisekelo ngomsebenzi, yize zingahluka kancane ngokubukeka ngokomzimba.
Amabheringi
Kulo mklamo othize, omunye wemehluko ophawulekayo ukukhethwa kwama-bearings aqondisayo aqondile. Nakuba ama-bearings ebhola aphindaphindwayo asetshenziswa kokubili ezinhlelweni ze-stage-on-granite kanye ne-IGM, uhlelo lwe-IGM lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukufaka ama-bearings amakhulu, aqinile ekwakhiweni ngaphandle kokwandisa ukuphakama kokusebenza kwe-axis. Ngenxa yokuthi umklamo we-IGM uthembele ku-granite njengesisekelo sawo, ngokungafani nesisekelo esihlukile sezingxenye ezifakwe ngomshini, kungenzeka ukubuyisa ezinye zezindawo eziqondile ebezingasetshenziswa yisisekelo esifakwe ngomshini, futhi empeleni ugcwalise lesi sikhala ngama-bearings amakhulu ngenkathi usanciphisa ukuphakama kwenqola iyonke ngaphezu kwe-granite.
Ukuqina
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-bearings amakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-IGM kunomthelela omkhulu ekuqineni kwe-angular. Endabeni ye-axis ephansi yomzimba obanzi (Y), isisombululo se-IGM sinikeza ukuqina kokugoqa okukhulu okungaphezu kuka-40%, ukuqina kwephimbo okukhulu okungu-30% kanye nokuqina kwe-yaw okukhulu okungu-20% kunomklamo we-stage-on-granite ohambisanayo. Ngokufanayo, ibhuloho le-IGM linikeza ukwanda okuphindwe kane kokuqina kwe-roll, ukuqina kwephimbo okuphindwe kabili kanye nokuqina kwe-yaw okukhulu okungaphezu kuka-30% kunomlingani walo we-stage-on-granite. Ukuqina kwe-angular okuphezulu kunenzuzo ngoba kunegalelo ngqo ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe okuguquguqukayo, okuyisihluthulelo sokuvumela ukusebenza okuphezulu komshini.
Umthamo Wokulayisha
Ama-bearings amakhulu esixazululo se-IGM avumela umthamo womthwalo ophakeme kakhulu kunesixazululo se-stage-on-granite. Nakuba i-PRO560LM base-axis yesisombululo se-stage-on-granite inomthamo womthwalo ongu-150 kg, isisombululo se-IGM esihambisanayo singathwala umthwalo okhokhelwayo ongu-300 kg. Ngokufanayo, i-PRO280LM bridge axis ye-stage-on-granite isekela u-150 kg, kanti i-IGM bridge axis yesisombululo se-IGM ingathwala kufikela ku-200 kg.
Ukunyakaza Okukhulu
Nakuba amabheringi amakhulu kuma-axes e-IGM athwala imishini enikeza izici zokusebenza ezingcono ze-angular kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo, nawo eza namaloli amakhulu, asindayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqola ze-IGM zakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi izici ezithile ezifakwe ngomshini ezidingekayo ku-axis ye-stage-on-granite (kodwa ezingadingeki yi-axis ye-IGM) zisuswe ukuze kwandiswe ukuqina kwezingxenye futhi kube lula ukukhiqiza. Lezi zici zisho ukuthi i-axis ye-IGM inesisindo esikhulu esihambayo kune-axis ye-stage-on-granite ehambisanayo. Inkinga engenakuphikwa ukuthi ukusheshisa okuphezulu kwe-IGM kuphansi, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi umphumela wamandla emoto awushintshi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezithile, isisindo esikhulu esihambayo singaba nenzuzo ngombono wokuthi i-inertia yayo enkulu inganikeza ukumelana okukhulu nokuphazamiseka, okungahlobene nokuqina okukhuphukile kwesikhundla.
Amandla Okwakheka
Ukuqina okuphezulu kokuthwala kanye nenqola eqinile yesistimu ye-IGM kunikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe ezibonakala ngemva kokusebenzisa iphakheji yesofthiwe yokuhlaziya i-finite-element (FEA) ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-modal. Kulesi sifundo, sihlole i-resonance yokuqala yenqola ehambayo ngenxa yomphumela wayo ku-bandwidth ye-servo. Inqola ye-PRO560LM ihlangabezana ne-resonance ku-400 Hz, kuyilapho inqola ye-IGM ehambisanayo ihlangabezana nemodi efanayo ku-430 Hz. Isithombe 3 sibonisa lo mphumela.
Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesisombululo se-IGM, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-stage-on-granite yendabuko, kungabangelwa ngokwengxenye yinqola eqinile kanye nomklamo wamabhere. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwenqola kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ne-bandwidth enkulu ye-servo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo.
Indawo Yokusebenza
Ukuvaleka kwe-axis cishe njalo kuyimpoqo uma kukhona izinto ezingcolisayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zenziwe ngenqubo yomsebenzisi noma zikhona endaweni yomshini. Izixazululo ze-stage-on-granite zifaneleka kakhulu kulezi zimo ngenxa yemvelo evaliwe ngokwemvelo ye-axis. Izigaba eziqondile ze-PRO-series, isibonelo, zihlonyiswe ngezimbozo eziqinile kanye nezimpawu eziseceleni ezivikela izingxenye zesigaba sangaphakathi ekungcoleni ngezinga elifanele. Lezi zigaba zingase futhi zilungiselelwe ngama-wiper etafula ongakhetha ukuwasula udoti kusuka ku-hardcover ephezulu njengoba isigaba sidlula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amapulatifomu okunyakaza e-IGM avulekile ngokwemvelo, nama-bearings, ama-motor kanye nama-encoder eveziwe. Nakuba kungeyona inkinga ezindaweni ezihlanzekile, lokhu kungaba yinkinga uma kukhona ukungcola. Kungenzeka ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokufaka isembozo sendlela ekhethekile yesitayela se-bellows kumklamo we-axis ye-IGM ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuvikelwa emfucumfucwini. Kodwa uma kungasetshenziswanga kahle, izimbozo zingathinta kabi ukunyakaza kwe-axis ngokufaka amandla angaphandle enqoleni njengoba ihamba phakathi nobubanzi bayo obuphelele bokuhamba.
Ukulungiswa
Ukuseviswa kuyisici esihlukanisayo phakathi kwamapulatifomu okunyakaza esiteji-on-granite kanye ne-IGM. Ama-axis e-linear-motor aziwa kakhulu ngokuqina kwawo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuba nesidingo sokwenza ukulungiswa. Imisebenzi ethile yokulungisa ilula kakhulu futhi ingenziwa ngaphandle kokususa noma ukuhlakaza i-axis okukhulunywa ngayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukudilizwa okujulile. Uma ipulatifomu yokunyakaza inezigaba ezihlukene ezifakwe ku-granite, ukulungiswa kuwumsebenzi olula ngokunengqondo. Okokuqala, yehlisa isiteji ku-granite, bese wenza umsebenzi wokulungisa odingekayo bese uyibeka kabusha. Noma, mane usishintshe ngesigaba esisha.
Izixazululo ze-IGM ngezinye izikhathi zingaba nzima kakhulu lapho kwenziwa ukulungiswa. Nakuba ukushintsha ithrekhi eyodwa kamazibuthe yenjini eqondile kulula kakhulu kulokhu, ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuvame ukuhilela ukuhlakaza ngokuphelele izingxenye eziningi noma zonke ezakha i-axis, okuthatha isikhathi esiningi uma izingxenye zifakwe ngqo ku-granite. Kunzima futhi ukuhlanganisa ama-axes asekelwe ku-granite nomunye ngemva kokulungisa - umsebenzi olula kakhulu ngezigaba ezihlukene.
Ithebula 1. Isifinyezo somehluko oyisisekelo wobuchwepheshe phakathi kwezixazululo ze-stage-on-granite ezithwala imishini kanye nezixazululo ze-IGM.
| Incazelo | Uhlelo lwe-Stage-on-Granite, i-Mechanical Bearing | Uhlelo lwe-IGM, Ukuthwala Kwemishini | |||
| I-Axis Yesisekelo (Y) | I-Bridge Axis (X) | I-Axis Yesisekelo (Y) | I-Bridge Axis (X) | ||
| Ukuqina Okujwayelekile | Okuqondile | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| I-lateral | 1.5 | ||||
| Iphimbo | 1.3 | 2.0 | |||
| Ukugoqa | 1.4 | 4.1 | |||
| Yaw | 1.2 | 1.3 | |||
| Umthamo Womthwalo (kg) | 150 | 150 | 300 | 200 | |
| Isisindo Esihambayo (kg) | 25 | 14 | 33 | 19 | |
| Ukuphakama kwetafula (mm) | 120 | 120 | 80 | 80 | |
| Ukuvaleka | Izivikelo eziqinile neziseceleni zivikela ukungcola okungena e-axis. | I-IGM ivame ukuba umklamo ovulekile. Ukuvala kudinga ukungezwa kwesembozo esifana ne-bellows noma okufanayo. | |||
| Ukusebenziseka | Izigaba zezingxenye zingasuswa futhi zilungiswe kalula noma zishintshwe. | Izimbazo zakhiwe ngokwemvelo esakhiweni se-granite, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunakekela. | |||
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezomnotho
Nakuba izindleko eziphelele zanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokunyakaza zizohluka ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana ezifaka phakathi ubude bokuhamba, ukunemba kwe-axis, umthamo womthwalo kanye namakhono aguquguqukayo, ukuqhathaniswa okuhlobene kwezinhlelo zokunyakaza ze-IGM ezifanayo kanye nezinhlelo zokunyakaza zesiteji-on-granite ezenziwe kulolu cwaningo kusikisela ukuthi izixazululo ze-IGM ziyakwazi ukunikeza ukunyakaza okuphakathi kuya kokuphezulu ngezindleko eziphansi ngokulingene kunezinye zazo zesiteji-on-granite.
Ucwaningo lwethu lwezomnotho luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyisisekelo zezindleko: izingxenye zomshini (kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezikhiqizwe kanye nezingxenye ezithengiwe), ukuhlanganiswa kwe-granite, kanye nomsebenzi kanye nemali ekhokhwayo.
Izingxenye Zomshini
Isixazululo se-IGM sinikeza ukonga okuphawulekayo ngesisombululo se-stage-on-granite ngokwezingxenye zomshini. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yokuntuleka kwe-IGM kwezisekelo zesiteji eziklanywe ngobuchwepheshe kuma-axes e-Y kanye ne-X, okwengeza ubunzima kanye nezindleko kwizixazululo ze-stage-on-granite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukonga izindleko kungabangelwa ukulula kwezinye izingxenye eziklanywe ngomshini kwisisombululo se-IGM, njengezinqola ezihambayo, ezingaba nezici ezilula kanye nokubekezelelana okukhululekile uma zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-IGM.
Imihlangano yeGranite
Nakuba izinhlangano ze-granite base-riser-bridge kuzo zombili izinhlelo ze-IGM kanye neze-stage-on-granite zibonakala zinesimo esifanayo kanye nokubukeka, i-IGM granite assembly ibiza kancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-granite esixazululweni se-IGM ithatha indawo yezisekelo zesiteji ezenziwe ngomshini esixazululweni se-stage-on-granite, okudinga ukuthi i-granite ibe nokubekezelelana okuqinile ezindaweni ezibucayi, kanye nezici ezengeziwe, njengokusikwa okukhishwe kanye/noma ukufakwa kwensimbi okunentambo, isibonelo. Kodwa-ke, esifundweni sethu secala, ubunzima obengeziwe besakhiwo se-granite bungaphezu kokulungiswa kwezingxenye zomshini.
Umsebenzi kanye Nokuhola
Ngenxa yokufana okuningi ekuhlanganiseni nasekuvivinyweni kokubili izinhlelo ze-IGM kanye nezinhlelo ze-stage-on-granite, akukho mehluko omkhulu ezindleleni zabasebenzi kanye nezindleko zokusebenzisa imali eyengeziwe.
Uma zonke lezi zici zezindleko sezihlanganisiwe, isixazululo se-IGM esithwala imishini esihlolwe kulolu cwaningo sibiza kancane ngo-15% kunesisombululo se-mechanical-bearing, stage-on-granite.
Yiqiniso, imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwezomnotho ayixhomekile kuphela ezicini ezifana nobude bokuhamba, ukunemba kanye nomthamo womthwalo, kodwa futhi nasezicini ezifana nokukhethwa komhlinzeki we-granite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuwukuhlakanipha ukucabangela izindleko zokuthumela nezokuthutha ezihlobene nokuthenga isakhiwo se-granite. Kuwusizo kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-granite ezinkulu kakhulu, nakuba kuyiqiniso kubo bonke osayizi, ukukhetha umhlinzeki we-granite ofanelekayo oseduze nendawo yokuhlanganiswa kohlelo lokugcina kungasiza ekunciphiseni izindleko futhi.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kuhlaziywa akubheki izindleko zangemva kokuqaliswa. Isibonelo, ake sithi kuyadingeka ukusevisa uhlelo lokunyakaza ngokulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni i-axis yokunyakaza. Uhlelo lwesiteji-on-granite lungaseviswa ngokususa nokulungisa/ukufaka esikhundleni i-axis ethintekile. Ngenxa yomklamo wesitayela sesiteji esijwayelekile, lokhu kungenziwa kalula nangesivinini, naphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu zesistimu yokuqala. Nakuba izinhlelo ze-IGM ngokuvamile zingatholakala ngezindleko eziphansi kunezinye zazo zesiteji-on-granite, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuzihlukanisa nokuzisevisa ngenxa yohlobo oluhlanganisiwe lokwakhiwa.
Isiphetho
Ngokusobala uhlobo ngalunye lomklamo wepulatifomu yokunyakaza — isiteji-on-granite kanye ne-IGM — lunganikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile. Kodwa-ke, akucaci ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza oluthile lokunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, kuzuzisa kakhulu ukubambisana nomhlinzeki wezinhlelo zokunyakaza kanye ne-automation onolwazi, njenge-Aerotech, onikeza indlela egxile kakhulu kuhlelo lokusebenza, yokubonisana yokuhlola nokunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezindlela zokuxazulula ezinye izinkinga kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula ukunyakaza kanye ne-automation eziyinselele. Ukuqonda hhayi kuphela umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezixazululo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela, kodwa futhi nezici eziyisisekelo zezinkinga okudingeka bazixazulule, kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo ekukhetheni uhlelo lokunyakaza olubhekana nezinhloso zobuchwepheshe kanye nezezezimali zephrojekthi.
Kusuka ku-AEROTECH.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 31-2021