Ukukhethwa kweplathifomu yokunyakaza yomugqa esekelwe ku-granite efanelekile kakhulu yohlelo olunikeziwe kuncike kunqwaba yezinto nezinto eziguquguqukayo.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isicelo ngasinye sinesethi yaso ehlukile yezidingo okufanele ziqondwe futhi zibekwe eqhulwini ukuze siphishekele isixazululo esisebenzayo ngokwenkundla yokunyakaza.
Esinye sezixazululo ezitholakala yonke indawo sifaka ukukhweza izigaba zokuma ezihlukene esakhiweni segwadle.Esinye isisombululo esivamile sihlanganisa izingxenye ezihlanganisa ama-eksisi okunyakaza ngqo ku-granite ngokwayo.Ukukhetha phakathi kwesiteji-on-granite kanye nenkundla ye-integrated-granite motion (IGM) kungesinye sezinqumo zangaphambili okufanele zenziwe enqubweni yokukhetha.Kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kwazo zombili izinhlobo zesixazululo, futhi vele ngayinye inokufaneleka kwayo - kanye nemihume - okudingeka iqondwe ngokucophelela futhi ibhekwe.
Ukuze sinikeze ukuqonda okungcono kule nqubo yokuthatha izinqumo, sihlola umehluko phakathi kwemiklamo emibili ebalulekile yesikhulumi esinyakazayo - isisombululo esivamile sesiteji phezu kwegwadle, kanye nesixazululo se-IGM - kokubili kwezobuchwepheshe nezezimali ngendlela yomshini- ephethe i-case study.
Ingemuva
Ukuhlola ukufana nomehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-IGM nezinhlelo zendabuko zesiteji-on-granite, sikhiqize amadizayini amabili okuhlola:
- Ukuthwala komshini, isiteji-on-granite
- I-Mechanical Bearing, IGM
Kuzo zombili izimo, isistimu ngayinye iqukethe izimbazo ezintathu zokunyakaza.I-axis ye-Y inikeza u-1000 mm wokuhamba futhi itholakala phezu kwesisekelo sesakhiwo se-granite.I-axis ye-X, etholakala ebhulohweni lomhlangano ngo-400 mm wokuhamba, iphethe i-axis eqondile engu-Z ene-100 mm yokuhamba.Lolu hlelo lumelwe ngezithombe.
Ngomklamo wesiteji-on-granite, sikhethe isigaba somzimba obanzi se-PRO560LM se-eksisi ye-Y ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo, ovamile ezinhlelweni eziningi zokunyakaza zisebenzisa lolu hlelo lwe-“Y/XZ split-bridge”.Ku-X axis, sikhethe i-PRO280LM, evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-eksisi yebhuloho ezinhlelweni eziningi.I-PRO280LM inikeza ibhalansi engokoqobo phakathi kokunyathela kwayo kanye nekhono layo lokuthwala i-eksisi engu-Z enomthwalo okhokhelwayo wekhasimende.
Emiklamo ye-IGM, siphindaphinde eduze imiqondo yedizayini eyisisekelo nezakhiwo zama-eksisi angenhla, umehluko omkhulu ukuthi izimbazo ze-IGM zakhelwe ngqo esakhiweni segwadle, futhi ngenxa yalokho asinazo izisekelo zengxenye yomshini ezikhona kusiteji -granite imiklamo.
Okujwayelekile kuzo zombili izimo zedizayini i-axis ye-Z, eyakhethwa ukuthi ibe yisiteji esishayelwa isikulufu sebhola se-PRO190SL.Lena i-eksisi ethandwa kakhulu okufanele isetshenziswe kuma mpo ebhulohweni ngenxa yomthamo wayo omkhulu wokulayisha kanye nesici sefomu esihlangene.
Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa isiteji-on-granite kanye nezinhlelo ze-IGM ezifundwayo.
Ukuqhathanisa Kwezobuchwepheshe
Amasistimu e-IGM aklanywe kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukahlukene kanye nezingxenye ezifanayo nalezo ezitholakala kumiklamo yendabuko yesiteji-on-granite.Ngenxa yalokho, kunezindawo zobuchwepheshe eziningi ezifanayo phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-IGM nezinhlelo zesiteji-on-granite.Ngokuphambene, ukuhlanganisa ama-ax okunyakaza ngokuqondile esakhiweni se-granite kunikeza izici ezimbalwa ezihlukanisayo ezihlukanisa izinhlelo ze-IGM kusukela kuzinhlelo zesiteji-on-granite.
I-Form Factor
Mhlawumbe ukufana okusobala kakhulu kuqala ngesisekelo somshini - i-granite.Nakuba kunomehluko ezicini nasekubekezeleni phakathi kwemiklamo yesiteji-on-granite kanye ne-IGM, ubukhulu obuphelele besisekelo se-granite, izikhuphukeli kanye nebhuloho ziyalingana.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhamba okulinganiselwe nomkhawulo kuyafana phakathi kwesiteji-on-granite kanye ne-IGM.
Ukwakha
Ukushoda kwezisekelo ze-eksisi yengxenye yomshini ekwakhiweni kwe-IGM kunikeza izinzuzo ezithile ngaphezulu kwezixazululo zesiteji-on-granite.Ikakhulukazi, ukuncishiswa kwezingxenye kuluphu yesakhiwo se-IGM kusiza ukukhulisa ukuqina kwe-eksisi sekukonke.Iphinde ivumele ibanga elifushane phakathi kwesisekelo se-granite nendawo ephezulu yenqola.Kulolu cwaningo lwecala elithile, umklamo we-IGM unikeza ubude bomsebenzi obuphansi obungama-33% (80 mm uma kuqhathaniswa no-120 mm).Lokhu bude obuncane bokusebenza abuvumeli nje kuphela ukwakheka okuhlangene, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukususwa komshini ukusuka kumotho nesishumeki ukuya endaweni yokusebenza, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamaphutha e-Abbe futhi ngenxa yalokho kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokuma kwendawo yokusebenza.
Izingxenye ze-Axis
Uma ubheka ujule ekwakhiweni, izixazululo zesiteji-on-granite kanye ne-IGM zabelana ngezinto ezithile ezibalulekile, njengamamotho alayini kanye nezifaki khodi zendawo.I-force evamile kanye nokukhethwa kwethrekhi kakazibuthe kuholela emandleni alinganayo okukhipha amandla.Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa izifaki khodi ezifanayo kuyo yomibili imiklamo kunikeza ukulungiswa okufanayo kokubeka impendulo.Ngenxa yalokho, ukunemba komugqa nokusebenza okuphindaphindwayo akuhlukile kakhulu phakathi kwezixazululo zesiteji-on-granite kanye ne-IGM.Isakhiwo sengxenye efanayo, okuhlanganisa ukuzalanisa ukuhlukana nokubekezelela, kuholela ekusebenzeni okuqhathanisekayo mayelana nokunyakaza kwamaphutha ejometri (okungukuthi, ukuqondisa okuvundlile nokuma mpo, iphimbo, ukuginqa kanye nokuzamula).Okokugcina, zombili izici ezisekela imiklamo, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwekhebula, imikhawulo kagesi nama-hardstops, ziyafana ngokuyisisekelo ekusebenzeni, nakuba zingahluka ngandlela thize ngokubukeka komzimba.
Amabhere
Kulo mklamo othile, umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu ukukhethwa kwamabheringi omugqa.Nakuba amabhodi amabhola ajikelezayo asetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinhlelo zesiteji-on-granite kanye ne-IGM, uhlelo lwe-IGM lwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa amabheringi amakhulu, aqinile ekwakhiweni ngaphandle kokwandisa ubude bokusebenza be-eksisi.Ngenxa yokuthi idizayini ye-IGM incike ku-granite njengesisekelo sayo, ngokungafani nesisekelo sengxenye ehlukile eyenziwe ngomshini, kungenzeka ukubuyisela enye indawo eqondile ebingadliwa isisekelo somshini, futhi empeleni ugcwalise lesi sikhala ngokukhudlwana. ama-bearings ngenkathi isanciphisa ukuphakama kwekalishi kukonke ngaphezu kwegwadle.
Ukuqina
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-bearings amakhudlwana ekwakhiweni kwe-IGM kunomthelela omkhulu ekuqineni kwe-angular.Endabeni ye-axis engezansi yomzimba obanzi (Y), isisombululo se-IGM sinikeza ukuqina kwe-roll okungaphezulu kuka-40%, ukuqina kwe-pitch okukhulu okungu-30% kanye nokuqina kwe-yaw okukhulu okungu-20% kunomklamo ohambelana nesiteji-on-granite.Ngokufanayo, ibhuloho le-IGM linikeza ukwanda okuphindwe kane kokuqina kwe-roll, ukuqina okuphindwe kabili kwe-pitch kanye nokuqina kwe-yaw okukhulu okungaphezu kuka-30% kunozakwabo wesiteji-on-granite.Ukuqina kwe-angular ephakeme kunenzuzo ngoba kunikela ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe okuthuthukisiwe, okuwukhiye wokunika amandla amandla omshini wokuphuma okuphezulu.
Layisha Amandla
Amabheringi amakhulu esixazululo se-IGM avumela umthamo wokukhokha ophakeme kakhulu kunesixazululo se-stage-on-granite.Nakuba i-PRO560LM i-base-axis yesisombululo se-stage-on-granite inomthamo wokulayisha we-150 kg, isisombululo se-IGM esihambisanayo singakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo wokukhokha we-300 kg.Ngokufanayo, i-axis yebhuloho yesiteji-on-granite ye-PRO280LM isekela u-150 kg, kanti i-axis yebhuloho lesixazululo se-IGM ingathwala kufika ku-200 kg.
Ukuhambisa iMisa
Ngenkathi ama-bearings amakhudlwana kuma-axes e-IGM aphethe imishini enikeza izici ezingcono ze-angular kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala umthwalo, futhi eza namaloli amakhulu, asindayo.Ukwengeza, amakalishi e-IGM aklanywe ngendlela yokuthi izici ezithile zomshini ezidingekayo ku-eksisi yesiteji-on-granite (kodwa kungadingeki i-eksisi ye-IGM) zisuswe ukuze kwandiswe ukuqina kwengxenye futhi kwenziwe lula ukukhiqiza.Lezi zici zisho ukuthi i-eksisi ye-IGM inesisindo esikhulu esinyakazayo kune-eksisi ehambisanayo yesiteji-on-granite.Okubi okungenakuphikiswa ukuthi ukusheshisa okuphezulu kwe-IGM kuphansi, kucatshangwa ukuthi amandla emoto aphumayo akashintshile.Nokho, ezimweni ezithile, isisindo esikhulu esinyakazayo singase sibe nenzuzo ngokombono wokuthi inertia yayo enkulu inganikeza ukumelana okukhulu nokuphazamiseka, okungahlotshaniswa nokukhula kokuzinza kwendawo.
I-Structural Dynamics
Ukuqina kokuqina kwesistimu ye-IGM kanye nenqola eqinile kunikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe ezibonakala ngemva kokusebenzisa iphakheji yesofthiwe yokuhlaziywa kwesici esilinganiselwe (FEA) ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlaziya kwe-modal.Kulolu cwaningo, sihlole i-resonance yokuqala yenqola ehambayo ngenxa yomphumela wayo kumkhawulokudonsa we-servo.Inqola ye-PRO560LM ihlangabezana ne-resonance ku-400 Hz, kuyilapho inqola ye-IGM ehambisanayo ihlangabezana nemodi efanayo ku-430 Hz.Umfanekiso 3 ukhombisa lo mphumela.
I-resonance ephezulu yesisombululo se-IGM, uma iqhathaniswa nesiteji-on-granite esivamile, singabalulwa ngokwengxenye enqoleni eqinile kanye nomklamo wokuthwala.I-resonance ephezulu yenqola yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba nomkhawulokudonsa we-servo omkhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo.
Indawo yokusebenza
Ukuvalwa kwe-axis cishe kuhlale kuyimpoqo lapho ukungcola kukhona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhiqizwa ngenqubo yomsebenzisi noma kukhona okukhona endaweni yomshini.Izixazululo zesiteji-on-granite zifaneleka ikakhulukazi kulezi zimo ngenxa yemvelo yokuvalwa kwe-eksisi.Izigaba zomugqa we-PRO, ngokwesibonelo, zifika zifakwe oqweqwe oluqinile nezinsimbi eziseceleni ezivikela izingxenye zesiteji zangaphakathi ekungcoleni ngokwezinga elifanele.Lezi zigaba zingase futhi zilungiswe ngezisuli ze-tabletop ozikhethela zona ukuze zishanele imfucumfucu ikhava eqinile ephezulu njengoba isigaba sidlula.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amapulatifomu e-IGM anyakazayo avulwe ngokwemvelo ngokwemvelo, nama-bearings, amamotho kanye nezishumeki ezidaluliwe.Nakuba kungeyona inkinga ezindaweni ezihlanzekile, lokhu kungaba yinkinga lapho ukungcola kukhona.Kungenzeka ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokuhlanganisa ikhava yesitayela se-bellows ekhethekile edizayini ye-eksisi ye-IGM ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuvikeleka emfucumfucwini.Kodwa uma kungenziwanga ngendlela efanele, ukubhodla kungaba nomthelela omubi ukunyakaza kwe-eksisi ngokudlulisela amandla angaphandle enqoleni njengoba ihamba phakathi kohlu lwayo olugcwele lohambo.
Isondlo
Ukusebenza kuhlukanisa phakathi kwesiteji-on-granite kanye nezinkundla zokunyakaza ze-IGM.Izimbazo zemoto ewumugqa zaziwa kakhulu ngokuqina kwazo, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kuba nesidingo ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa.Eminye imisebenzi yokulungisa ilula futhi ingafezwa ngaphandle kokukhipha noma ukuqaqa i-eksisi okukhulunywa ngayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukubhidliza okujulile.Uma iplathifomu enyakazayo iqukethe izigaba ezihlukene ezibekwe kugwadle, ukusevisa kuwumsebenzi oqonde ngqo.Okokuqala, susa isiteji kusuka ku-granite, bese wenza umsebenzi wokulungisa odingekayo futhi uphinde uwukhweze.Noma, mane ubeke isiteji esisha esikhundleni saso.
Izixazululo ze-IGM ngezinye izikhathi zingaba yinselele kakhulu lapho kulungiswa.Nakuba ukufaka esikhundleni sethrekhi kazibuthe eyodwa yenjini ewumugqa kulula kakhulu kulokhu, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuqaqa ngokuphelele izinto eziningi noma zonke ezihlanganisa i-eksisi, okudla isikhathi esiningi lapho izingxenye zifakwe ngqo kugwadle.Kuphinde kube nzima nakakhulu ukulungisa kabusha izimbazo ezisekelwe egwadle komunye nomunye ngemva kokwenza ukunakekelwa - umsebenzi oqonde kakhulu ngezigaba ezihlukene.
Ithebula 1. Isifinyezo somehluko oyisisekelo wezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwezixazululo ze-mechanical-bearing stage-on-granite kanye ne-IGM.
| Incazelo | I-Stage-on-Granite System, I-Mechanical Bearing | I-IGM System, Mechanical Bearing | |||
| I-Base Axis (Y) | I-Bridge Axis (X) | I-Base Axis (Y) | I-Bridge Axis (X) | ||
| Ukuqina Okujwayelekile | Iqondile | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| I-lateral | 1.5 | ||||
| Iphimbo | 1.3 | 2.0 | |||
| Roll | 1.4 | 4.1 | |||
| Yaw | 1.2 | 1.3 | |||
| Amandla okukhokha (kg) | 150 | 150 | 300 | 200 | |
| I-Moving Mass (kg) | 25 | 14 | 33 | 19 | |
| Ubude Bethebulethi (mm) | 120 | 120 | 80 | 80 | |
| Ukuvaleleka | Izigxivizo ezinoqwembe oluqinile neziseceleni zinikeza ukuvikeleka emfucumfucwini engena eksisi. | I-IGM imvamisa iwumklamo ovulekile.Ukubeka uphawu kudinga ukungezwa kwekhava ye-bellows way noma okufanayo. | |||
| Ukusebenza kahle | Izigaba zezingxenye zingasuswa futhi ziseviswe kalula noma zishintshwe. | Izimbazo zakhiwe ngokwemvelo esakhiweni se-granite, okwenza ukusevisa kube nzima kakhulu. | |||
Ukuqhathanisa Kwezomnotho
Nakuba izindleko eziphelele zanoma iyiphi isistimu yokunyakaza zizohluka ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana ezihlanganisa ubude bohambo, ukunemba kwe-eksisi, umthamo womthwalo namandla ashukumisayo, ukuqhathaniswa okuhlobene kwe-IGM efanayo nezinhlelo zokunyakaza zesiteji-on-granite ezenziwe kulolu cwaningo ziphakamisa ukuthi izixazululo ze-IGM ekwazi ukunikeza ukunyakaza okunemba okuphakathi ukuya kokuphezulu ngezindleko eziphansi ngokumaphakathi kunozakwabo basesiteji-on-granite.
Ucwaningo lwethu lwezomnotho luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu zezindleko eziyisisekelo: izingxenye zomshini (okuhlanganisa kokubili izingxenye ezikhiqiziwe kanye nezingxenye ezithengiwe), ukuhlanganiswa kwegwadle, nomsebenzi kanye nephezulu.
Izingxenye Zomshini
Isixazululo se-IGM sinikeza ukonga okuphawulekayo phezu kwesixazululo sesiteji-on-granite ngokwezingxenye zomshini.Lokhu kudalwe ngokuyinhloko ukushoda kwe-IGM kwezisekelo zesiteji ezenziwe ngomshini oyinkimbinkimbi kuma-axes angu-Y kanye no-X, okwengeza ubunkimbinkimbi nezindleko kuzixazululo zesiteji-on-granite.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukonga izindleko kungabangelwa ukwenziwa lula kwezinye izingxenye eziwumshini esixazululweni se-IGM, njengezinqola ezihambayo, ezingaba nezici ezilula kanye nokubekezelelana okukhululekile uma kuklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-IGM.
Imihlangano yeGranite
Nakuba imihlangano ye-granite base-riser-bridge kukho kokubili i-IGM kanye nesistimu yesiteji-on-granite ibonakala inesimo esifanayo nokubukeka, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IGM granite kubiza kancane kancane.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-granite esixazululweni se-IGM ithatha indawo yezisekelo zesiteji ezenziwe ngomshini esixazululweni sesiteji-on-granite, esidinga ukuthi i-granite ibe nokubekezelelana okuqinile ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezibucayi, ngisho nezici ezengeziwe, njengokusikeka okukhishwe kanye/ noma izinsimbi zensimbi ezinentambo, isibonelo.Kodwa-ke, esifundweni sethu secala, inkimbinkimbi eyengeziwe yesakhiwo se-granite ingaphezu kokulungiswa ukwenziwa lula kwezingxenye zomshini.
Umsebenzi kanye ne-overhead
Ngenxa yokufana okuningi ekuhlanganiseni nasekuhloleni kokubili i-IGM kanye nezinhlelo zesiteji-on-granite, awukho umehluko omkhulu ezindlekweni zomsebenzi kanye nezindleko eziphezulu.
Uma zonke lezi zici zezindleko sezihlanganisiwe, isixazululo se-IGM esinemishini ethile esihlolwe kulolu cwaningo cishe sibiza kancane ngo-15% kunesixazululo se-mechanical-bearing, isiteji-on-granite.
Yebo, imiphumela yokuhlaziywa komnotho ayincikile kuphela ezicini ezifana nobude bohambo, ukunemba namandla omthwalo, kodwa nasezicini ezifana nokukhethwa komnikezeli wegwadle.Ukwengeza, kuwukuhlakanipha ukucabangela izindleko zokuthumela nezokuthutha ezihlobene nokuthenga isakhiwo se-granite.Kuwusizo kakhulu kumasistimu amakhulu egwadle, nakuba kuyiqiniso kuwo wonke amasayizi, ukukhetha umphakeli wegwadle ofanelekayo eduze nendawo yomhlangano wokugcina wesistimu kungasiza ekunciphiseni izindleko futhi.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kuhlaziya akucabangi izindleko zangemuva kokuqaliswa.Ngokwesibonelo, ake sithi kudingekile ukusevisa isistimu yokunyakaza ngokulungisa noma ngokufaka esikhundleni se-eksisi yokunyakaza.Uhlelo lwesiteji-on-granite lungenziwa isevisi ngokususa nokulungisa/ukushintsha i-eksisi ethintekile.Ngenxa yedizayini yesitayela sesiteji esijwayelekile, lokhu kungenziwa kalula nangesivinini esilinganiselwe, ngaphandle kwezindleko zesistimu zokuqala eziphezulu.Nakuba izinhlelo ze-IGM ngokuvamile zingatholwa ngenani eliphansi kunozakwabo besiteji-on-granite, zingaba inselele kakhulu ukuhlakaza nokusebenza ngenxa yemvelo ehlanganisiwe yokwakha.
Isiphetho
Ngokusobala uhlobo ngalunye lomklamo wenkundla enyakazayo - isiteji-on-granite kanye ne-IGM - lunganikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile.Kodwa-ke, akuhlali kusobala ukuthi yikuphi ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kohlelo oluthile lokunyakaza.Ngakho-ke, kuzuzisa kakhulu ukusebenzelana nomhlinzeki onolwazi wezinhlelo zokunyakaza nezishintshayo, njenge-Aerotech, enikezela ngendlela egxile kakhulu kuhlelo lokusebenza, indlela yokubonisana ukuze uhlole futhi unikeze ukuqonda okubalulekile kwezinye izisombululo esikhundleni sokulawula ukunyakaza okuyinselele nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizenzakalelayo.Ukuqonda hhayi kuphela umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezixazululo ezizenzakalelayo, kodwa futhi nezici eziyisisekelo zezinkinga okudingeka bazixazulule, kuyisihluthulelo esiyisisekelo sempumelelo ekukhetheni uhlelo lokunyakaza olubhekana kokubili izinjongo zobuchwepheshe nezezimali zephrojekthi.
Kusuka ku-AEROTECH.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-31-2021