I-Epoxy granite, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-synthetic granite, iyinhlanganisela ye-epoxy ne-granite evame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo esikhundleni sezisekelo zamathuluzi omshini. I-Epoxy granite isetshenziswa esikhundleni sensimbi ephothiwe nensimbi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza okungcono, kuhlale isikhathi eside, futhi kunciphise izindleko zokuhlanganisa.
Isisekelo samathuluzi omshini
Amathuluzi omshini kanye neminye imishini enembile kakhulu incike ekuqineni okuphezulu, ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside, kanye nezici ezinhle kakhulu zokudambisa izinto eziyisisekelo ukuze zisebenze kahle futhi ziqine. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zakhiwo yinsimbi ecijile, izinto ezenziwe ngensimbi ehlanganisiwe, kanye ne-granite yemvelo. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuqina kwesikhathi eside kanye nezakhiwo ezimbi kakhulu zokudambisa, izakhiwo ezenziwe ngensimbi azivamile ukusetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukunemba okuphezulu. Insimbi ecijile esezingeni elihle encishisiwe ekucindezelekeni futhi efakwe emanzini izonikeza isakhiwo ukuzinza kobukhulu, futhi ingaphonswa ibe yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa idinga inqubo yokugaya ebizayo ukuze yakhe izindawo ezinembile ngemva kokuphonswa.
I-granite yemvelo yekhwalithi enhle iya ngokuya iba nzima ukuyithola, kodwa inamandla aphezulu okudambisa kune-cast iron. Futhi, njengase-cast iron, ukwenziwa kwe-granite yemvelo kudinga umsebenzi omningi futhi kuyabiza.
Ukuphonswa kwe-granite okunembile kukhiqizwa ngokuxuba ama-granite aggregates (achotshozwayo, ahlanzwe, futhi omiswe) nohlelo lwe-epoxy resin ekushiseni okujwayelekile (okungukuthi, inqubo yokupholisa ebandayo). I-Quartz aggregate filler ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwakhiweni. Ukuqina okudlidlizayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba kuhlanganisa kahle i-aggregate ndawonye.
Izinto zokufaka ezifakwe intambo, amapuleti ensimbi, namapayipi okupholisa kungafakwa phakathi nenqubo yokubumba. Ukuze kufezwe izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuguquguquka, ama-linear rails, izindlela zokushelela phansi kanye nezindawo zokufaka injini kungakopishwa noma kufakwe i-grout, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe isidingo sanoma yikuphi ukugaya ngemuva kokubumba. Ukuphela kobuso bokubumba kuhle njengobuso besikhunta.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi
Izinzuzo zifaka:
■ Ukunciphisa ukudlidliza.
■ Ukuguquguquka: izindlela eziqondile ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, amathangi oketshezi oluyi-hydraulic, izinto zokufaka ezinezintambo, uketshezi olusikayo, kanye namapayipi omgudu konke kungafakwa esisekelweni se-polymer.
■ Ukufakwa kwezinto ezifakiwe njll. kuvumela ukucutshungulwa okuncishisiwe kakhulu kokucutshungulwa okuqediwe.
■ Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa sincishiswa ngokufaka izingxenye eziningi ekubunjweni okukodwa.
■ Akudingi ukujiya kodonga okufanayo, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu komklamo wesisekelo sakho.
■ Ukumelana namakhemikhali ezincibilikisini ezivamile, ama-asidi, ama-alkali, kanye noketshezi olusikiwe.
■ Akudingi ukupenda.
■Inhlanganisela inobukhulu obufana ne-aluminium (kodwa izingcezu zijiyile ukuze kutholakale amandla alinganayo).
■ Inqubo yokubumba ukhonkolo we-polymer ehlanganisiwe isebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu kune-metallic castings. Ama-polymer cast resins asebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu ukukhiqiza, futhi inqubo yokubumba yenziwa ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Izinto ze-granite ze-Epoxy zinomswakama wangaphakathi ophindwe kayishumi kunensimbi ephonswe phansi, ophindwe kathathu kune-granite yemvelo, futhi ophindwe kangamashumi amathathu kunesakhiwo esenziwe ngensimbi. Azithinteki yizinto ezipholisayo, zinokuqina okuhle kakhulu kwesikhathi eside, zizinzile kahle ekushiseni, ziqinile kakhulu futhi zinamandla, zimunca umsindo kahle kakhulu, futhi zicindezela kakhulu ngaphakathi.
Okubi kufaka phakathi amandla aphansi ezingxenyeni ezincane (ngaphansi kwe-1 in (25 mm)), amandla aphansi okudonswa, kanye nokumelana okuphansi kokushaqeka.
Isingeniso kumafreyimu okusatshalaliswa kwamaminerali
Ukuthungwa kwamaminerali kungenye yezinto zokwakha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zesimanje. Abakhiqizi bemishini yokunemba babephakathi kwabasunguli ekusetshenzisweni kokuthungwa kwamaminerali. Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwayo maqondana nemishini yokugaya ye-CNC, imishini yokubhoboza, imishini yokugaya kanye nemishini yokukhipha ugesi kuyanda, futhi izinzuzo azigcini emishinini yesivinini esikhulu.
Ukuthungwa kwamaminerali, okubizwa nangokuthi izinto ze-epoxy granite, kuhlanganisa izinto zokugcwalisa amaminerali ezifana ne-gravel, isihlabathi se-quartz, i-glacial meal kanye nezihlanganisi. Izinto zixutshwa ngokwezincazelo eziqondile bese zithululelwa ezikhunjini. Isisekelo esiqinile siyisisekelo sempumelelo!
Amathuluzi omshini asezingeni eliphezulu kumele asebenze ngokushesha nangokushesha, futhi anikeze ukunemba okukhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba kanye nomshini osindayo kukhiqiza ukudlidliza okungafuneki kohlaka lomshini. Lokhu kudlidliza kuzoba nemiphumela emibi ebusweni bengxenye, futhi kufinyeza impilo yamathuluzi. Amafreyimu okusatshalaliswa kwamaminerali anciphisa ngokushesha ukudlidliza - cishe ngokushesha okuphindwe kasithupha kunezinhlaka zensimbi kanye ngokushesha okuphindwe kayishumi kunezinhlaka zensimbi.
Amathuluzi omshini anemibhede yokubumba amaminerali, njengemishini yokugaya kanye ne-grinder, anembe kakhulu futhi afinyelela ikhwalithi engcono ebusweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi kuncishiswa kakhulu futhi isikhathi sokusebenza siyandiswa.
Uhlaka lokuphonsa oluhlanganisiwe lwamaminerali (i-epoxy granite) luletha izinzuzo eziningana:
- Ukuma kanye namandla: Inqubo yokubumba amaminerali inikeza izinga eliyingqayizivele lenkululeko maqondana nokuma kwezingxenye. Izici ezithile zezinto kanye nenqubo ziphumela emandleni aphezulu kanye nesisindo esiphansi kakhulu.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwengqalasizinda: Inqubo yokusatshalaliswa kwamaminerali ivumela ukuhlanganiswa okulula kwesakhiwo kanye nezinye izingxenye ezifana nemigwaqo yokuqondisa, izinto ezifakiwe ngentambo kanye nokuxhumeka kwezinsizakalo, ngesikhathi senqubo yokusatshalaliswa kwangempela.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwezakhiwo zemishini eziyinkimbinkimbi: Okungenakwenzeka ngezinqubo ezivamile kwenzeka ngokucubungula amaminerali: Izingxenye eziningana zezingxenye zingahlanganiswa ukuze zakhe izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenzisa amalunga ahlanganisiwe.
- Ukunemba kobukhulu obungabizi: Ezimweni eziningi izingxenye ze-mineral cast ziphonswa ezilinganisweni zokugcina ngoba cishe akukho ukufinyela okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokuqina. Ngalokhu, izinqubo ezengeziwe zokuqeda ezibizayo zingasuswa.
- Ukunemba: Ukubhekisela okunembe kakhulu noma izindawo ezisekelayo kufezwa ngokuqhubeka nokusebenza kokugaya, ukwakha noma ukugaya. Ngenxa yalokhu, imiqondo eminingi yomshini ingasetshenziswa kahle nangokusebenza kahle.
- Ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa: Ukusatshalaliswa kwamaminerali kusabela kancane kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa ngoba ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kuphansi kakhulu kunezinto zensimbi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu izinguquko zokushisa zesikhathi esifushane zinethonya elincane kakhulu ekunembileni kobukhulu bethuluzi lomshini. Ukuzinza okungcono kokushisa kombhede womshini kusho ukuthi i-geometry iyonke yomshini igcinwa kangcono futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amaphutha e-geometry ayancishiswa.
- Akukho ukugqwala: Izingxenye ezibunjiwe ngamaminerali ziyamelana namafutha, izinto ezipholisayo kanye nezinye izinto eziwuketshezi ezinamandla.
- Ukudambisa okukhulu kokudlidliza ukuze kuphile isikhathi eside senkonzo yamathuluzi: ukusatshalaliswa kwethu kwamaminerali kufinyelela amanani angcono afinyelela ku-10x okudambisa ukudlidliza kunensimbi noma insimbi ephonswe. Ngenxa yalezi zici, kutholakala ukuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu kwesakhiwo somshini. Izinzuzo zalokhu kubakhi bamathuluzi omshini kanye nabasebenzisi zicacile: ikhwalithi engcono yokuphela kobuso bezingxenye ezifakwe umshini noma ezigayiwe kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamathuluzi okuholela ezindleleni eziphansi zamathuluzi.
- Imvelo: Umthelela wemvelo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza uyancipha.
Uhlaka lokuphonsa amaminerali vs uhlaka lwensimbi oluhlanganisiwe
Bheka ngezansi izinzuzo zohlaka lwethu olusha lokubumba amaminerali vs uhlaka lwensimbi olusetshenziswe ngaphambilini:
| Ukuphonswa Kwamaminerali (i-Epoxy Granite) | Insimbi | |
| Ukudambisa | Phezulu | Phansi |
| Ukusebenza Kokushisa | Ukushisa okuphansi kanye nokushisa okuphezulu umthamo | Ukushisa okuphezulu kanye umthamo wokushisa ophansi |
| Izingxenye Ezifakiwe | Umklamo ongenamkhawulo kanye Isikhunta sengxenye eyodwa kanye uxhumano olungenamthungo | Kudingeka imishini |
| Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Okuphezulu kakhulu | Phansi |
| Ezemvelo Ubungane | Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi | Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu |
Isiphetho
Ukuthungwa kwamaminerali kulungele izakhiwo zethu zohlaka lomshini we-CNC. Kunikeza izinzuzo ezicacile zobuchwepheshe, ezomnotho kanye nezemvelo. Ubuchwepheshe bokuthungwa kwamaminerali buhlinzeka ngokudambisa ukudlidliza okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokushisa (ukwanda kokushisa okufana nokwensimbi). Izinto zokuxhuma, izintambo, inzwa kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisa konke kungathululwa enhlanganweni.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zesikhungo sokulungisa umbhede we-granite casting mineral casting?
Ukuphonswa kwamaminerali (i-granite eyenziwe ngumuntu eyaziwa nangokuthi i-resin concrete) kuye kwamukelwa kabanzi embonini yamathuluzi omshini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 njengento yokwakha.
Ngokwezibalo, eYurophu, ithuluzi lomshini elilodwa kwayishumi lisebenzisa ukuthungwa kwamaminerali njengombhede. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kolwazi olungafanele, ulwazi olungaphelele noma olungalungile kungaholela ekusolweni nasekubandlululweni kokuthungwa kwamaminerali. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenziwa imishini emisha, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokuthungwa kwamaminerali bese uqhathanisa nezinye izinto.
Isisekelo semishini yokwakha ngokuvamile sihlukaniswe ngensimbi ephothiwe, ukuphothwa kwamaminerali (i-polymer kanye/noma ukhonkolo we-resin ophendulayo), isakhiwo sensimbi/esihlanganisiwe (i-grouting/non-grouting) kanye netshe lemvelo (njenge-granite). Izinto ngazinye zinezici zazo, futhi azikho izinto zokwakha eziphelele. Kuphela ngokuhlola izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezinto ngokwezidingo ezithile zesakhiwo, lapho izinto zokwakha ezifanele zingakhethwa khona.
Imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile yezinto zokwakha—iqinisekisa i-geometry, isikhundla kanye nokumuncwa kwamandla kwezingxenye, ngokulandelana ibeka phambili izidingo zokusebenza (ukusebenza okungaguquki, okuguqukayo kanye nokushisa), izidingo zokusebenza/zesakhiwo (ukunemba, isisindo, ukujiya kodonga, ukulula kwemigqa yokuqondisa) yokufakwa kwezinto, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwemidiya, ezokuthutha) kanye nezidingo zezindleko (intengo, ubuningi, ukutholakala, izici zesistimu).
I. Izidingo zokusebenza kwezinto zokwakha
1. Izici ezimile
Umgomo wokulinganisa izakhiwo ezimile zesisekelo ngokuvamile ukuqina kwezinto—ukuguquguquka okuncane ngaphansi komthwalo, kunokuba kube namandla aphezulu. Ngokuguquguquka okumile okumile, ukuthungwa kwamaminerali kungacatshangwa njengezinto ezilinganayo ezi-isotropic ezilalela umthetho kaHooke.
Ubuningi kanye ne-modulus yokunwebeka kwezinto zokubumba amaminerali ngokulandelana kuyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zalezo zensimbi ephothiwe. Njengoba izinto zokubumba amaminerali kanye nezinsimbi zokubumba zinokuqina okufanayo, ngaphansi kwesisindo esifanayo, ukuqina kwezinto zokubumba insimbi kanye nezinto zokubumba amaminerali kuyafana ngaphandle kokucabangela ithonya lesimo. Ezimweni eziningi, ubukhulu bodonga lomklamo lwezinto zokubumba amaminerali buvame ukuphindwe kathathu kunobokubumba insimbi, futhi lo mklamo ngeke ubangele izinkinga ngokwezakhiwo zemishini zomkhiqizo noma izinto zokubumba. Izinto zokubumba amaminerali zifanele ukusebenza ezindaweni ezingashintshi ezithwala ingcindezi (isb. imibhede, izisekelo, amakholomu) futhi azifaneleki njengezinhlaka ezincane ezibiyelwe ngodonga kanye/noma ezincane (isb. amatafula, amaphalethi, izinto zokushintsha amathuluzi, izinqola, izisekelo ze-spindle). Isisindo sezingxenye zesakhiwo ngokuvamile sinqunyelwe imishini yabakhiqizi bezinto zokubumba amaminerali, kanti imikhiqizo yokubumba amaminerali engaphezu kwamathani ayi-15 ngokuvamile ayivamile.
2. Izici eziguqukayo
Uma ijubane lokujikeleza kanye/noma ukusheshisa komgodi kukhulu, kulapho ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo komshini kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukubeka ngokushesha, ukushintshwa kwamathuluzi okusheshayo, kanye nokudla okusheshayo kuqinisa njalo ukuzwakala komshini kanye nokuvuselelwa okunamandla kwezingxenye zesakhiwo somshini. Ngaphezu kokwakheka kobukhulu bengxenye, ukuphambuka, ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo, kanye nokuqina okunamandla kwengxenye kuthinteka kakhulu yizakhiwo zokumanzisa kwezinto.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mineral castings kunikeza ikhambi elihle kulezi zinkinga. Ngenxa yokuthi imunca ukudlidliza okungcono ngokuphindwe kayishumi kune-cast iron yendabuko, inganciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu kanye nemvamisa yemvelo.
Emisebenzini yokugaya efana nokugaya, kungaletha ukunemba okuphezulu, ikhwalithi engcono ebusweni, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamathuluzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, maqondana nomsindo, ukugaya amaminerali nakho kusebenze kahle ngokuqhathanisa nokuqinisekisa izisekelo, ukugaya okudlulisela kanye nezesekeli zezinto ezahlukene zezinjini ezinkulu kanye nama-centrifuge. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa komsindo womthelela, ukugaya amaminerali kungafinyelela ukwehla kwendawo okungu-20% ezingeni lokucindezela komsindo.
3. Izakhiwo zokushisa
Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi cishe u-80% wokuphambuka kwamathuluzi omshini kubangelwa imiphumela yokushisa. Ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo njengemithombo yokushisa yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle, ukushisa kwangaphambili, ukushintsha izinto zokusebenza, njll. konke kuyizimbangela zokuguquguquka kokushisa. Ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha izinto ezinhle kakhulu, kubalulekile ukucacisa izidingo zezinto zokwakha. Ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphansi kuvumela ukuthungwa kwamaminerali ukuthi kube ne-inertia enhle yokushisa kumathonya okushisa esikhashana (njengokushintsha izinto zokusebenza) kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Uma kudingeka ukushisa okusheshayo njengombhede wensimbi noma izinga lokushisa lombhede livinjelwe, amadivayisi okushisa noma okupholisa angaphonswa ngqo ekuthungweni kwamaminerali ukulawula izinga lokushisa. Ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwedivayisi yokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kunganciphisa ukuguqulwa okubangelwa ithonya lokushisa, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukunemba ngezindleko ezifanele.
II. Izidingo zokusebenza kanye nezakhiwo
Ubuqotho buyisici esihlukanisa ukuthungwa kwamaminerali kwezinye izinto. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthungwa kwamaminerali lingu-45°C, futhi kanye nokubumba okunembe kakhulu kanye namathuluzi, izingxenye kanye nokuthungwa kwamaminerali kungathungwa ndawonye.
Amasu okuphinda asetshenziswe kabusha angasetshenziswa nasezindaweni ezingenalutho zokuphonsa amaminerali, okuholela ekufakweni okunembile kanye nezindawo zesitimela ezingadingi imishini. Njengezinye izinto eziyisisekelo, ukuphonsa amaminerali kuncike emithethweni ethile yokuklama isakhiwo. Ubukhulu bodonga, izesekeli ezithwala umthwalo, ukufakwa kwezintambo, izindlela zokulayisha nokulayisha konke kuhlukile kwezinye izinto ngezinga elithile, futhi kudinga ukucatshangelwa kusengaphambili ngesikhathi sokuklama.
III. Izidingo zezindleko
Nakuba kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwakho. Ukusebenzisa ama-mineral castings kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bonge izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokusebenza ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kokonga izindleko zomshini, ukusika, ukuhlanganisa kokugcina, kanye nokwenyusa izindleko ze-logistics (izindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezokuthutha) konke kuncishisiwe ngokufanele. Uma ucabangela umsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu wama-mineral castings, kufanele kubhekwe njengomsebenzi wonke. Eqinisweni, kunengqondo kakhulu ukwenza ukuqhathanisa intengo lapho isisekelo sifakiwe noma sifakwe kusengaphambili. Izindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kakhulu yizindleko zama-mineral castings molds kanye namathuluzi, kodwa le ndleko ingancishiswa ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside (izingcezu ezingu-500-1000/i-steel mold), kanti ukusetshenziswa konyaka kungaba yizingcezu ezingu-10-15.
IV. Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa
Njengezinto zokwakha, ukubumba amaminerali kuhlala kuthatha indawo yezinto zokwakha zendabuko, futhi isihluthulelo sentuthuko yaso esheshayo sisekubumbeni amaminerali, isikhunta, kanye nezakhiwo zokubopha ezizinzile. Njengamanje, ukubumba amaminerali kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yamathuluzi omshini njengemishini yokugaya kanye nomshini wokugaya osheshayo. Abakhiqizi bemishini yokugaya bebe ngamaphayona emkhakheni wamathuluzi omshini besebenzisa ukubumba amaminerali emibhedeni yomshini. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezidumile emhlabeni wonke ezifana ne-ABA z&b, iBahmler, iJung, iMikrosa, iSchaudt, iStude, njll. bezilokhu zizuza ekuncipheni, ekushiseni okushisa kanye nobuqotho bokubumba amaminerali ukuze kutholakale ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ebusweni enkambisweni yokugaya.
Njengoba imithwalo enamandla ikhula njalo, ukuthungwa kwamaminerali nakho kuyathandwa kakhulu yizinkampani ezihamba phambili emhlabeni emkhakheni wama-grinder amathuluzi. Umbhede wokuthungwa kwamaminerali unokuqina okuhle kakhulu futhi ungasusa kahle amandla abangelwa ukusheshisa kwenjini eqondile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inhlanganisela yemvelo yokusebenza okuhle kokumuncwa kokudlidliza kanye nenjini eqondile ingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yobuso bento yokusebenza kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo yesondo lokugaya.
Ngokuqondene nengxenye eyodwa. Kungamamitha ayi-10000 ubude kulula kithi.
Ubukhulu bodonga obuncane buyini?
Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu besigaba obuncane besisekelo somshini kufanele okungenani bube ngu-60mm. Izingxenye ezincane (isb. ubukhulu obungu-10mm) zingabunjwa ngosayizi omncane kanye nezakhiwo.
Izinga lokuncipha ngemva kokuthulula lingaba ngu-0.1-0.3mm ngo-1000mm. Uma kudingeka izingxenye zemishini zokubumba amaminerali ezinembile, ukubekezelelana kungafinyelelwa ngokugaya i-cnc yesibili, ukugoqa ngesandla, noma ezinye izinqubo zokugaya.
Izinto zethu zokubumba amaminerali zikhetha i-nature Jinan Black granite. Iningi lezinkampani likhetha i-nature granite evamile noma itshe elivamile ekwakheni izakhiwo.
· Izinto zokusetshenziswa: ngezinhlayiya ze-Jinan Black Granite (ezibizwa nangokuthi 'i-JinanQing' granite') eziyingqayizivele njenge-aggregate, edume umhlaba wonke ngamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu;
· Ifomula: ngama-resin epoxy aqinisiwe ahlukile kanye nezithasiselo, izingxenye ezahlukene zisebenzisa amafomula ahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphelele okuphelele;
· Izakhiwo zemishini: ukumuncwa kokudlidliza kuphindwe kayishumi kunensimbi ephonswe ngensimbi, izakhiwo ezinhle ezimile neziguquguqukayo;
· Izakhiwo zomzimba: ubuningi bungaba yi-1/3 yensimbi ephonswe, izakhiwo zokuvimbela ukushisa eziphakeme kunezinsimbi, hhayi i-hygroscopic, ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa;
· Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali: ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kunezinsimbi, okunobungani nemvelo;
· Ukunemba kobukhulu: ukufinyela okuqondile ngemva kokuphonswa cishe ku-0.1-0.3㎜/m, isimo esiphakeme kakhulu kanye nokunemba okuphambene kuzo zonke izindiza;
· Ukuqina kwesakhiwo: isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu singaphonswa, kuyilapho ukusebenzisa i-granite yemvelo kuvame ukudinga ukuhlanganiswa, ukuxhunywa kanye nokubopha;
· Ukusabela kokushisa okuhamba kancane: ukusabela ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa lesikhashana kuyancipha kakhulu futhi kuncane kakhulu;
· Izinto zokufaka ezifakiwe: izikhonkwane, amapayipi, izintambo kanye namakamelo kungafakwa esakhiweni, izinto zokufaka ezihlanganisa insimbi, itshe, i-ceramic kanye nepulasitiki njll.