Emikhakheni esezingeni eliphezulu njengokukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor, ukuhlolwa okunembayo kwe-optical, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-nanomaterial, ukuzinza nokunemba kwemishini kunquma ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Amapulatifomu anemba we-Granite, asebenza ngokuwohloka ngokuphindwe kasithupha kune-cast iron, aphenduka intandokazi entsha embonini. Imaphi amanani angenakushintshwa alele ngemuva kwale nzuzo yokusebenza? Ake sihlole ndawonye izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokukhetha amapulatifomu anemba egwadule.
1. Isiqinisekiso sokunemba esiphezulu, amaphutha amancane awaseyona inkinga
Esikhathini sokukhiqizwa kwe-nanoscale, noma yikuphi ukudlidliza okuncane kungaholela ekukhishweni komkhiqizo. Lapho isisekelo se-cast iron sibhekene nokudlidliza okukhiqizwa ukusebenza kwemishini noma ukuphazamiseka kwendawo yangaphandle, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okunganele kokumanzisa, amandla okudlidliza kunzima ukuwahlakaza ngokushesha, okuholela ekugudluzweni noma ekunyakaziseni izingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini. Inkundla yokunemba yegwadle, enezici zayo ezivelele zokudambisa, ingaguqula amandla okudlidliza abe amandla okushisa ukuze ahlakazeke ngokuphazima kweso, icindezele ngempumelelo ukudluliswa nokukhulisa ukudlidliza.
Thatha umshini we-semiconductor photolithography njengesibonelo. Ngemva kokwamukela inkundla yokunemba yegwadle, i-amplitude yokudlidliza yelensi yehlile isuka ku-±8μm yaya ku-±1.3μm, yehlisa iphutha lobubanzi bomugqa wephethini ye-chip ngo-75% futhi yathuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokukhiqiza kwe-chip. Ekuhlolweni kokubona okunembayo, ingaqinisekisa ukuthi ilensi yokubona yethuluzi lokuhlola ihlala izinzile, igwema ukufiphala kwesithombe nokuchezuka kwedatha okubangelwa ukudlidliza, futhi yenze ngisho nezinkinga ezincane kuleveli engu-0.1μm zingafihlwa ndawo.
Okwesibili, inokuphila kwesevisi ende kakhulu futhi yehlisa izindleko zizonke
Ngaphansi kokudlidliza nomthelela wesikhathi eside nokuvamile, isisekelo sensimbi esisansimbi sithambekele ekubeni nemifantu emincane ngaphakathi, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla esakhiwo. Idinga ukushintshwa ngemva kweminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5, okungagcini nje ngokukhuphula isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini kodwa futhi ilethe izindleko eziphezulu zokuyilungisa nokushintshwa. I-Granite yakhiwe ngamakristalu amaminerali afana ne-quartz ne-feldspar, ahlanganiswe eduze nge-ionic ne-covalent bond. Inesakhiwo esiminyene nesifanayo futhi inokumelana nokukhathala okuqinile.
Ngisho nangemva kwamashumi ezinkulungwane emijikelezo yokudlidliza, inkundla yokunemba yegwadle isengakwazi ukugcina izici ezizinzile zomzimba nezomshini, futhi impilo yayo yesevisi ingaba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kunesisekelo sensimbi ekhonjiwe. Izibalo ezivela ebhizinisini elithile lokukhiqiza ithuluzi elinembayo zibonisa ukuthi ngemva kokusebenzisa izinkundla ezinembayo zegwadle, imvamisa yokulungiswa kwemishini yehle ngo-60%, futhi ukonga okumaphakathi konyaka kwedlula i-yuan eyisigidi.
Ezintathu. Ukuvumelana nezimo kwemvelo okuhle kakhulu, ukuphatha izimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kalula
Esimeni sokukhiqiza sangempela, izinto ezinjengokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukuphazamiseka kukamagnetic, kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali konke kungathinta ukusebenza kwemishini. Isisekelo se-cast iron sine-coefficient ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa yokwanda okushisayo futhi sithambekele ekushintsheni kobukhulu ngaphansi kokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa, okubuye kuthinte ukunemba kwemishini. Khonamanjalo, inokumelana nokugqwala okungekuhle futhi ijwayele ukugqwala kanye nokonakala ngaphansi kokuguguleka kwezinto zamakhemikhali.
Izingxenyekazi ze-Granite ezinembayo zine-coefficient ephansi kakhulu yokwanda okushisayo (i-1/20 kuphela yaleyo ye-cast iron), engamelana ngempumelelo nomthelela olethwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Inezici zamakhemikhali ezizinzile futhi ayisebenzi ngezinto ezine-asidi noma ezine-alkaline, futhi ingasebenza ngokuzinza ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi njengama-workshop e-semiconductor namalabhorethri amakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-granite ayi-conductive futhi ayinazibuthe, futhi ayithinteki ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, futhi iqinisekisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kwemishini.
Okwesine, ukuzijwayeza kwemboni kuqinisekisile ukuthi kusiza ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi ukuthi agxumele phambili
Izinqubo zamabhizinisi amaningi ahamba phambili ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene zibonise ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwezingxenyekazi zegwadle ezinembayo. Ngemuva kokuthi imboni enkulu yomhlaba wonke ye-semiconductor ithathe indawo yesikhulumi sokunemba se-granite, izinga lokukhiqiza ama-chip likhuphuke lisuka ku-78% laya ku-92%, futhi amandla okukhiqiza akhuphuka ngo-30%. Ngemuva kokuthi umkhiqizi wezinsimbi zokubona okusezingeni eliphezulu amukele le nkundla, ukunemba kokutholwa kwemikhiqizo yayo kufinyelele izinga elihamba phambili embonini futhi yawina ama-oda amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Emqhudelwaneni oshubile wanamuhla ekukhiqizeni ukunemba, ukukhetha izinkundla ezinembayo zegwadle akukhona nje ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwemishini yokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kuyisinqumo esibalulekile samabhizinisi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, izinkundla zokunemba zegwadle zizodlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi, zikhuthaze imboni ukuthi ithuthuke iye ekunembeni okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-14-2025