Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izimboni ngokunemba kanye nokuhlola ucwaningo lwesayensi olusezingeni eliphezulu, ipulatifomu ye-granite esebenza kahle kakhulu ekuzamazameni komhlaba isibe yithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa intuthuko ebushelelezi yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene enembile kakhulu. Izinga layo eliqinile lokulinganisa ukuqina linikeza isiqinisekiso esithembekile sezimo eziningi zomsebenzi ezizwela kakhulu ekudlidlizeni.
Okokuqala, isisekelo sokunqunywa kwebanga lokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba lepulatifomu yegranite
Izici zezinto ezibonakalayo: Ipulatifomu yegranite yenziwe ngegranite yemvelo, ngemva kwezigidi zeminyaka yezinqubo zejiyoloji, isakhiwo sekristalu yangaphakathi sihlelwe eduze futhi sifana kakhulu. Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sinikeza igranite izinga eliphansi kakhulu lokushintsha kwe-modulus elastic, uma ibhekene nokushaqeka, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezivamile njengensimbi, ingalawula ukuguquguquka kwayo okunwebekayo endaweni encane kakhulu. Ngokusho kokunqunywa kwezikhungo zokuhlola ezigunyaziwe, ukuguquguquka okunwebekayo kwegranite endaweni yokuhlola ukudlidliza ejwayelekile kungama-1/10-1/20 kuphela kwezinto zensimbi ezivamile, okubeka isisekelo esiqinile sezinto zokusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba kwezinga eliphezulu lepulatifomu.
Umklamo wesakhiwo: Ngokombono wesakhiwo esikhulu, ipulatifomu yegranite yaklanywa ngesimo sejometri esilungiselelwe kahle kanye nokuhlelwa kokusekela. Isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi nokuphakama kwepulatifomu sibalwa ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa isikhungo esizinzile samandla adonsela phansi futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokuzamazama okubangelwa ukudlidliza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwamaphuzu okusekela kuhlelwe ngokwesayensi ngokwemigomo yemishini, engasabalalisa ngokulinganayo isisindo sezinto ezibekwe epulatifomu kanye namandla okuthinta akhiqizwa ukudlidliza kwangaphandle. Isibonelo, epulatifomu enkulu yegranite, kusetshenziswa isakhiwo sokusekela samaphuzu amaningi, futhi iphutha lebanga phakathi kwamaphuzu okusekela aseduze lilawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-±0.05mm, okugwema ngempumelelo ukugxilisa ingqondo kwendawo futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu amandla okuzamazama komhlaba epulatifomu.
2. Izinkomba ezinemininingwane kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa zezinga ngalinye elimelana nokushaqeka
Izinga elijwayelekile lokumelana nokushaqeka kwezinga lokuqala (izimo zemfuneko yokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu)
Inkomba yokufuduka kokudlidliza: Ngaphakathi kobubanzi bemvamisa yokudlidliza kwamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba okulingisiwe (0.1Hz-100Hz), inani eliphakeme lokufuduka kokudlidliza kunoma iyiphi indawo ebusweni bepulatifomu alidluli ku-0.001mm. Lapho ukudlidliza okuphansi okukhiqizwa ukusebenza kwemishini emikhulu ezungezile (njengokudlidliza kwethuluzi lomshini osindayo ngemvamisa engaba ngu-1Hz-10Hz) kuphazamiseka, izinsimbi zokulinganisa ezibonakalayo ezinembayo ephezulu ezibekwe epulatifomu, njenge-atomic force microscopy, ushintsho lokufuduka oluhlobene phakathi kweprobe yokulinganisa kanye nesampula elinganisiwe alunamsebenzi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kokulinganisa ku-nanoscale akuthinteki.
Isimo sokusebenza: Isetshenziswa kakhulu enqubweni ye-lithography yokukhiqiza ama-chip e-semiconductor. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-chip kudinga ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-lithographic, futhi ububanzi bomugqa bufinyelele ezingeni le-nanometer. Enqubweni ye-lithography, ipulatifomu ye-granite idinga ukunikeza ukwesekwa okuzinzile komshini we-lithography, ihlukanise ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukusebenza kweminye imishini eshabhu, futhi iqinisekise ukudluliselwa okunembile kwephethini ye-lithography, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise kakhulu isivuno sokukhiqizwa kwama-chip. Ngokwezibalo zemboni, ukusetshenziswa komugqa wokukhiqiza ama-chip ohlangabezana nepulatifomu ye-granite ejwayelekile evikela ukushaqeka ezingeni lokuqala kunyuse isivuno ngo-15%-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamapulatifomu avamile.
Izinga lesi-2 lokulwa nokushaqeka (isimo esinembile kakhulu)
Inkomba yokudlidliza: ngaphansi kwemvamisa yokudlidliza engu-0.1Hz-100Hz, ukudlidliza okuphezulu kobuso bepulatifomu kulawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-0.005mm. Ekuhlolweni kokutholwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane okwenziwe emalabhorethri ocwaningo lwesayensi emanyuvesi, njengokuhlolwa kwe-scanning tunneling microscope (STM), leli zinga lokusebenza okuvimbela ukushaqeka lingaqinisekisa ukuthi indawo ehlobene phakathi kwesihloko se-STM nesampula izinzile noma ngabe kunemithombo ethile evamile yokudlidliza efana nabasebenzi abahambahambayo elabhorethri kanye nemishini ehambahambayo elabhorethri. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi lwesimo se-quantum lwezinhlayiya ezincane lubanjwa ngokunembile, okunikeza isiqinisekiso kubacwaningi sokuthola idatha yokuhlolwa enembile.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwamathuluzi okunemba okuphezulu, njengenqubo yokulungisa iphutha lokukhiqiza ibhalansi kagesi enembile kakhulu. Amabhalansi kagesi azwela kakhulu ekudlidlizeni, futhi ngisho nokudlidliza okuncane kungabangela ukuphambuka emiphumeleni yokulinganisa. Ipulatifomu yegranite, ehlangabezana nezinga lesibili lokumelana nokushaqeka, ingahlinzeka ngendawo ezinzile yokulinganisa nokuqalisa ibhalansi kagesi, iqinisekise ukuthi ukunemba kokulinganisa kwebhalansi kufinyelela ezingeni le-microgram, futhi ihlangabezane nesidingo semboni sokunemba kokulinganisa isisindo esiphezulu njengokuhlonza imithi kanye nobucwebe.
Izinga elijwayelekile elingamelani nokushaqeka elinamazinga amathathu (isimo sokunemba okuphezulu)
Inkomba yokufuduka kokudlidliza: ebangeni lemvamisa yokudlidliza elingu-0.1Hz-100Hz, ukufuduka kokudlidliza okuphezulu kwendawo yesikhulumi akudluli ku-0.01mm. Uma ubhekene nokudlidliza okubangelwa ukusebenza kwemishini ephakathi nendawo evamile eshabhu lasefektri (imvamisa yokudlidliza ngokuvamile ingu-10Hz-50Hz), imishini yokulinganisa evamile ebekwe epulatifomu yegranite, njengethuluzi lokulinganisa elihlanganisiwe, ingagcina ukunemba kokulinganisa kuzinzile, futhi ukuphambuka kwedatha yokulinganisa kulawulwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuncane kakhulu.
Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza: Kufanelekela ukulinganisa ngokunemba ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zezimoto. Ukunemba komshini we-block yesilinda yenjini yemoto, igiya lokudlulisa kanye nezinye izingxenye kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwemoto. Ekulinganisweni kwalezi zingxenye, ipulatifomu ye-granite yokusebenza okuthathu okuvimbela ukushaqeka ingahlukanisa ngempumelelo imishini ye-workshop esebenzisa ukudlidliza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lokulinganisa elihlanganisiwe lilinganisa ngokunembile usayizi wezingxenye, ukuma kanye nokubekezelelana kwesikhundla kanye neminye imingcele, ukuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuqinile kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yezingxenye zezimoto, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinga lokudlula kwezingxenye zezimoto.
Okwesithathu, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokuzamazama komhlaba liyahlangabezana nezindinganiso
Ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ipulatifomu ngayinye yegranite ingahlangabezana nezindinganiso zezinga elifanele lokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba, simise isethi yohlelo lokuhlola ikhwalithi oluqinile noluphelele. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwempahla ebonakalayo engxenyeni ngayinye yezinto zokusetshenziswa zegranite ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi siyafana futhi asinazo iziphambeko ezisobala. Ngemva kokuba ukucubungula ipulatifomu sekuqediwe, imishini yokuhlola ukulingisa ukudlidliza ethuthukisiwe isetshenziselwa ukulingisa izindawo ezahlukahlukene zokudlidliza eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuhlolwe ipulatifomu. Ngokusebenzisa inzwa yokufuduka ye-laser enembile kakhulu, ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela izinguquko zokufuduka kwephuzu ngalinye ebusweni bepulatifomu ngesikhathi senqubo yokudlidliza, futhi idatha idluliselwa ohlelweni lochwepheshe lokucubungula idatha ukuze luhlaziywe. Kuphela uma izinkomba zokudlidliza zepulatifomu zihambisana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zezinga ezihambisanayo zokumelana nokushaqeka, zivunyelwe ukufakwa emakethe.
Ngamafuphi, ipulatifomu ye-granite enezindinganiso zayo zesayensi ezingashisi, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okumelana nokushisi kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, kokukhiqiza kwezimboni kanye nomsebenzi wocwaningo lwesayensi emisebenzini enembile kakhulu ukuze kunikezwe ukwesekwa okuzinzile okubalulekile, ukuphishekela ukunemba okuphelele kanye nokuthembeka kokukhetha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-28-2025