Ukuphishekela okungapheli kokunemba kwezinga le-micron ekukhiqizeni kwesimanje kuye kwasunduza izinto zendabuko emikhawulweni yazo engokoqobo. Njengoba izimboni ezisukela ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor kuya kuma-optics aphezulu zidinga ukubekezelelana okuqinile, ingxoxo isuke ezinsimbini ezivamile yaya emakhonweni angavamile e-ceramics yobuchwepheshe. Enhliziyweni yalokhu kuthuthuka kukhona umbuzo oyisisekelo: abakhiqizi bangakuthola kanjani ukuzinza okuphelele kanye nokunyakaza okungenazingxabano endaweni lapho ngisho nenhlayiya encane kakhulu ingaholela ekwehlulekeni okukhulu? Impendulo itholakala kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwe-ceramics ezinezimbobo kanye nezingxenye ze-zirconia ezinobukhulu obuphezulu.
Uma sihlola izinselele ezibhekene nonjiniyela abasebenzisa imishini yokugaya enembile kakhulu, isithiyo esiyinhloko ngokuvamile ukuphathwa kokuthintana ngokomzimba nokushisa. Ukubopha okwenziwa ngomshini okuvamile noma ama-vacuum chucks ajwayelekile avame ukufaka ukucindezeleka okuncane emshinini wokusebenza, okuholela ekuguqukeni okubonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwe-microscope kodwa okulimaza ubuqotho bomkhiqizo wokugcina. Yilapho ukusungulwa kwe-ipuleti lokumuncaIzicelo zomshini wokugaya ziye zashintsha kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezikhethekile ze-ceramic, lawa mapuleti ahlinzeka ngezinga lokusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi efanayo okwakungatholakali ngaphambili, okuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi uhlala uyisicaba ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwamaphuzu okucindezeleka asendaweni avamile ezintweni zensimbi.
"Umlingo" wangempela uyenzeka uma sibheka eduze isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo zomoya ontantayo we-ceramics onezimbobo. Ngokungafani nezinto eziqinile, i-ceramics enezimbobo eyakhiwe inethiwekhi elawulwayo, exhunyiwe yama-pores amancane. Lapho umoya ocindezelwe ungeniswa ngalesi sakhiwo, udala "umcamelo womoya" omncane, oqinile ngendlela emangalisayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuphathwa okungathintani kwama-wafers athambile noma ingilazi encane kakhulu, okuntanta ngempumelelo ingxenye embhedeni womoya. Kubabukeli bomhlaba wonke abagxile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-semiconductor, lobu buchwepheshe abuyona nje intuthuko; buyimfuneko yokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesivuno nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa komhlaba.
Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zinhlelo kuncike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yehadiwe ezungezile. Uhlelo lokuthwala umoya olusebenza kahle kakhulu noma uhlelo lokumunca lufana nohlaka olulusekelayo. Lokhu kuholele ekukhuleni kwesidingo sezingxenye eziqinile zokunemba kwe-ceramic ezisebenza njengomgogodla womshini. Ngenkathi izingxenye ezinezimbobo zisingatha isikhombikubona esibucayi somcamelo womoya, ucezu oluqinileizingxenye ze-ceramicahlinzeke ngokuqina kwesakhiwo kanye nokuqina kokushisa okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuhambisana phakathi kwezigidi zemijikelezo. Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zobumba zinesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu sokwanda kokushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi engagqwali noma i-aluminium, zihlala zizinzile ngokwezinga noma ngabe ukungqubuzana kokugaya okusheshayo kudala ukushisa okukhulu okuzungezile.
Phakathi kwezinto eziholayo kulokhu kukhokha, i-zirconia ($ZrO_2$) ivelele njenge-"ceramic steel" yale mboni. Ukuqina kwayo okuhlukile kokuqhekeka kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwenza kube yinto efanelekile yezingxenye okumele zibekezelele izindawo ezinzima zezimboni ngenkathi zigcina ukuqeda kobuso obuhlanzekile. Esimweni sokugaya, izingxenye ze-zirconia zimelana nokuguguleka okungapheli komshini okungaguguleka ezinye izinto zingakapheli amasonto. Ngokukhetha i-zirconia yezingxenye ezibalulekile zendlela, abakhiqizi empeleni batshala imali ekude nasekuphindaphindeni komugqa wabo wokukhiqiza wonke.
Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, ukushintshela kulezi zinto kumelele ukuthambekela okubanzi endaweni "yezimboni engu-4.0". Izinkampani zobunjiniyela zaseYurophu naseMelika ziyaqhubeka zifuna abalingani abaqondayo umehluko wokusatshalaliswa kosayizi we-pore kanye ne-topography encane kakhuluizindawo zobumba. Akusanele ukumane unikeze izinto eziqinile; umgomo uwukunikeza isikhombikubona esisebenzayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyi-vacuum chuck ye-ceramic evulekile ephethe i-silicon wafer ngamandla afanayo noma isitimela esiqinile se-ceramic esiqinisekisa ukunemba kokuhamba kwe-sub-micron, ukuhlangana kwalawa mathekhinoloji yilapho kwakhiwa khona isizukulwane esilandelayo sehadiwe.
Njengoba sibheka ikusasa lobunjiniyela obunembile, ukusebenzisana phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuntanta emoyeni kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ethuthukisiwe kuzojula kakhulu. Amandla okuhambisa, ukubamba, nokucubungula izinto ngaphandle kokuwohloka ngokomzimba "yi-grail engcwele" yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo ezithile zezakhiwo ezinezimbobo zokusatshalaliswa koketshezi kanye nokuqina kwe-zirconia eningi ukuze kube nobuqotho besakhiwo, izinkampani zithola ukuthi zingasunduza imishini yazo ngokushesha nangokunembile kunanini ngaphambili. Lena indinganiso entsha yobuhle—izwe lapho umoya esiwuphefumulayo kanye nezinto zobumba esiziklamayo zisebenza ngokuvumelana okuphelele ukudala amathuluzi anembe kakhulu emlandweni wesintu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-24-2025