Ipuleti lobuso begranite liyisisekelo esingenakuphikiswa se-metrology enobukhulu—itshe elibonakala lilula elisebenza njengendawo yokugcina yokubhekisela ekulinganisweni okunembile. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwalo kuchazwa nge-paradox: ukusetshenziswa kwalo kulele ngokuphelele kusici esiphelele (ukuthamba ngokuphelele) okungukuthi, empeleni, kulinganiselwa kuphela. Kwabachwepheshe bokulawula ikhwalithi, onjiniyela, kanye nabaqhubi bemishini, ubuqotho balesi sisekelo abuxoxiswani, bufuna ukuqonda okujulile kokubekezelelana kwaso, ukugcinwa kwaso, kanye nokuphathwa kwaso.
Ukunemba Kokungapheleli: Ukuqonda Ukuthamba Kwepuleti Lomphezulu
Umbuzo obalulekile, ukuthi ipuleti lobuso le-granite liyisicaba kangakanani, awuphendulwa ngenombolo eyodwa, kodwa ngebanga elichazwe ngokucophelela lephutha elivumelekile, elaziwa ngokuthi ibanga lalo. Ukusicaba kulinganiswa njengokwehluka kwe-Total Indicator Reading (TIR) kuyo yonke indawo yokusebenza, ukuphambuka okuvame ukulinganiswa ngezigidi ze-intshi noma ama-micrometer. Amapuleti ekhwalithi ephezulu, lawo abizwa ngokuthi i-Grade AA (Laboratory Grade) noma i-Grade 00, afinyelela izinga elimangalisayo lokusicaba. Ngepuleti eliphakathi nendawo (isb., $24 \times 36$ inches), ukuphambuka kusuka endizeni ephelele yethiyori kungakhawulelwa kuma-intshi angu-$0.00005 kuphela (50 millionths of an intshi). Lokhu kubekezelelana okuqinile kunanoma iyiphi ingxenye elinganiswa phezu kwalo. Njengoba amamaki ehla—i-Grade 0 noma i-A yokuhlolwa, i-Grade 1 noma i-B yeGumbi Lamathuluzi—ukubekezelelana okuvunyelwe kuyanda, kodwa ngisho nepuleti le-Grade 1 ligcina ukusicaba kuphakeme kakhulu kunanoma yiliphi ibhentshi lokusebenza elivamile. Ukuthamba kufezwa ngenqubo ekhethekile, ephindaphindayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-lapping, lapho ochwepheshe abanekhono eliphezulu basebenzisa khona ama-abrasives nama-master plate amancane ukuze baguge ubuso be-granite ngokomzimba kuze kufike ekubekezeleni okudingekayo. Le nqubo edinga umsebenzi omkhulu yingakho i-plate eqinisekisiwe iyigugu kangaka. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zemvelo ezenza i-granite ibe yinhle kakhulu—ukwanda kwayo okuphansi kokushisa, ukudambisa ukudlidliza okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala—zigcina kuphela lokhu kuthamba; azivimbeli ukuwohloka kwayo kancane kancane ngokusebenzisa.
Ukugcina Ukunemba: Kufanele I-Granite Surface Plate Ilinganiswe Kangaki?
Ipuleti elingaphezulu liyinkomba ephilayo elahlekelwa ukunemba kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuguga okuvamile, ukushintshashintsha kokushisa, kanye nemfucumfucu encane yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, impendulo yokuthi ipuleti elingaphezulu le-granite kufanele lilinganiswe kangaki incike ezintweni ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukuqina kokusetshenziswa kwalo kanye nezinga lalo. Amapuleti asetshenziswa njalo endaweni yokuhlola, ikakhulukazi lawo asekela imishini esindayo noma izingxenye ezinkulu (Amapuleti Okusetshenziswa Kakhulu noma Abalulekile, Ibanga AA/0), kufanele alinganiswe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Lolu hlelo oluqinile luqinisekisa ukuthi ipuleti lihlala ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okuqinile kakhulu okudingekayo ekuhlolweni kokuqala kanye nokulinganiswa kwegeyiji. Amapuleti asetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokubeka, ukusetha amathuluzi, noma ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okujwayelekile ezitolo (Amapuleti Okusetshenziswa Okumaphakathi, Ibanga 1) ngokuvamile angasebenza emjikelezweni wokulinganisa wezinyanga eziyi-12, yize umsebenzi obalulekile kufanele ubangele ukuhlolwa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngisho namapuleti agcinwe futhi asetshenziswe kaningi (Amapuleti Okusetshenziswa Okuphansi noma Abhekisela) kufanele alinganiswe njalo eminyakeni emibili, njengoba izici zemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukuqina kanye nokujikeleza kokushisa, zisengathinta ukuthamba kokuqala. Inqubo yokulinganisa ngokwayo ihilela inqubo ekhethekile, evame ukusebenzisa amazinga kagesi, ama-auto-collimator, noma izinhlelo zokulinganisa nge-laser, ukudweba yonke indawo yepuleti bese uyiqhathanisa nencazelo eqinisekisiwe. Umbiko ophumayo uchaza ngokuthamba kwamanje futhi ukhomba izindawo zokuguga kwendawo, okunikeza isisekelo esicacile sokunquma ukuthi ipuleti idinga ukuphinde ihlanganiswe (iphinde ibekwe kabusha) ukuze ibuyiselwe ezingeni. Ukungayinaki le nqubo kubeka engcupheni yonke iketanga lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi; ipuleti elingalinganiswanga liyinguquko engaziwa.
Phatha Ngokucophelela: Indlela Yokuhambisa Ipuleti Lomphezulu Wegranite Ngokuphepha
Amapuleti omhlaba we-granite asinda kakhulu futhi athambile ngokumangalisayo, okwenza ukuthuthwa kwawo okuphephile kube umsebenzi obalulekile odinga ulwazi olukhethekile ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo omkhulu noma, okubi nakakhulu, ukulimala komuntu. Kalula nje, ukuphathwa okungafanele kungaphula ipuleti noma konakalise ukuthamba kwalo okulinganiselwe ngokushesha. Uma ubhekene nendlela yokuhambisa ipuleti lomhlaba we-granite, indlela kumele iqinisekise ukwesekwa okufanayo kanye nokuqina kuyo yonke inqubo. Ukulungiselela kubalulekile: sula yonke indlela yokuhamba. Ungalokothi usebenzise ama-forklift ajwayelekile lapho amathayi esekela khona indawo encane kuphela; lokhu kugxila isisindo futhi cishe kuzobangela ukuthi i-granite iqhekeke. Kumapuleti amakhulu, sebenzisa ibha yokusakaza kanye namabhande abanzi, aqinile (noma izihlilingi zokuphakamisa ezinikezelwe) ezenzelwe ubukhulu obuqondile bepuleti. Amabhande kumele aboshwe ububanzi bepuleti ukuze asakaze amandla okuphakamisa ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze kuthuthwe ipuleti amabanga amafushane phansi kwesitolo, ipuleti kufanele liboshwe ngebhanti noma i-pallet esindayo, esizinzile, futhi uma ikhona, amadivayisi okuntanta emoyeni afaneleka njengoba eqeda ukungqubuzana futhi asabalalise isisindo sepuleti phansi. Ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo ipuleti akufanele lithuthwe noma liphakanyiswe ngamaphethelo alo kuphela; I-granite ibuthakathaka kakhulu ekucindezelekeni, futhi ukuphakamisa ohlangothini kuzoletha ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokucheba okungaholela kalula ekuqhekekeni. Njalo qiniseka ukuthi amandla okuphakamisa asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ngaphansi kwesisindo.
Ubuciko: Indlela Yokwenza Ipuleti Lomphezulu Wegranite
Ukudala ipuleti lobuso le-granite elinembile kuwubufakazi bobuciko bendabuko obuhambisana ne-metrology yesimanje. Akuyona into engafezwa esitolo semishini esijwayelekile. Lapho uhlola indlela yokwenza ipuleti lobuso le-granite, umuntu uthola ukuthi isinyathelo sokugcina nesibalulekile sihlala sihambisana. Inqubo iqala ngokukhetha itshe elifanele—ngokuvamile i-granite emnyama enobukhulu obuphezulu, eyaziwa nge-CTE yayo ephansi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu. I-slab eluhlaza iyasikwa, igaywe kusetshenziswa amasondo amakhulu edayimane ukuze kufezwe ukuthamba kokuqala, futhi iqiniswe. I-granite kumele "iguge" ukuze ikhulule noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okuvalelwe etsheni ngesikhathi sokumba nokucubungula. Isigaba sokugcina ukuthamba, lapho ipuleti lipholishwa kusetshenziswa ama-slurry abrasive kanye nama-master reference plate. Uchwepheshe usebenza endaweni elawulwayo, elinganisa njalo ubuso bepuleti esebenzisa izinsimbi ezifana namazinga kagesi. Ukususwa kwezinto kwenziwa ngesandla noma ngemishini ekhethekile yokuthamba, eqondisa ngokucophelela izindawo eziphakeme ezitholwe ngesikhathi sokulinganisa. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka, ngokuvamile amahora amaningi, kuze kube yilapho ukuphambuka okulinganisiwe kulo lonke ubuso kuwela ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana kwamasentimitha amancane okudingekayo ebangeni eliqondiwe. Le nqubo enzima yiyo eqinisekisa ukuthamba okuqinisekisiwe onjiniyela abathembele kukho nsuku zonke. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kanye nokuthembeka komkhiqizo oqediwe kuqinisekisa izindleko zalo mkhiqizo okhethekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-26-2025