Qedela Umshini we-CMM kanye Nomhlahlandlela Wokulinganisa

Yini umshini we-CMM?

Cabanga ngomshini wesitayela se-CNC okwazi ukwenza izilinganiso ezinembe kakhulu ngendlela ezenzakalelayo.Yilokho okwenziwa yi-CMM Machines!

I-CMM imele “Umshini Wokulinganisa Wokudidiyela”.Mhlawumbe angamadivayisi okulinganisa e-3D okugcina ngokuhambisana nenhlanganisela yawo yokuguquguquka okuphelele, ukunemba, kanye nesivinini.

Izicelo Zemishini Yokulinganisa Yokudidiyela

Imishini Yokukala Yokuhlanganisa ibalulekile noma nini lapho kufanele kwenziwe izilinganiso ezinembile.Futhi uma izilinganiso ziyinkimbinkimbi noma ziziningi, kuba nenzuzo enkulu ukusebenzisa i-CMM.

Ngokuvamile ama-CMM asetshenziselwa ukuhlola nokulawula ikhwalithi.Okusho ukuthi, zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ihlangabezana nezidingo zomklami kanye nokucaciswa kwayo.

Bangase futhi bajwayeleunjiniyela we-reverseizingxenye ezikhona ngokwenza izilinganiso ezinembile zezici zazo.

Ubani owasungula Imishini ye-CMM?

Imishini yokuqala ye-CMM yathuthukiswa yiFerranti Company yaseScotland ngeminyaka yawo-1950.Ayedingeka ukuze kulinganiswe ngokunembayo izingxenye ze-aerospace kanye nezimboni zokuvikela.Imishini yokuqala yayinezimbazo ezi-2 kuphela zokunyakaza.Imishini emi-3 ye-axis yethulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1960 yi-DEA yase-Italy.Ukulawulwa kwekhompyutha kwavela ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, futhi kwethulwa nguSheffield wase-USA.

Izinhlobo zemishini ye-CMM

Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zomshini wokulinganisa wokudidiyela:

• Uhlobo Lwebhuloho I-CMM: Kulo mklamo, ovame kakhulu, ikhanda le-CMM ligibela ibhuloho.Olunye uhlangothi lwebhuloho lugibela ujantshi embhedeni, kanti olunye lusekelwa phezu komcamelo womoya noma enye indlela embhedeni ngaphandle komzila wesitimela.
• I-Cantilever CMM: I-cantilever isekela ibhuloho ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela.
• I-Gantry CMM: I-gantry isebenzisa ujantshi wokuqondisa nhlangothi zombili, njenge-CNC Router.Lawa ngokuvamile ama-CMM amakhulu kakhulu, ngakho adinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe.
• I-Horizontal Arm CMM: Thatha isithombe se-cantilever, kodwa lonke ibhuloho lihamba liye phezulu liphansi ngengalo eyodwa kunokuba libe kwi-eksisi yalo.Lawa ama-CMM anembe kancane, kodwa angakwazi ukukala izingxenye ezinkulu ezacile njengemizimba yezimoto.
• I-Portable Arm Type CMM: Le mishini isebenzisa izingalo ezihlangene futhi ijwayele ukumiswa ngesandla.Kunokuba balinganise i-XYZ ngokuqondile, babala izixhumanisi ukusuka endaweni ejikelezayo yelunga ngalinye kanye nobude obaziwayo phakathi kwamalunga.

Ngayinye inezinzuzo kanye nokubi kuye ngezinhlobo zezilinganiso okufanele zenziwe.Lezi zinhlobo zibhekisela esakhiweni somshini esisetshenziselwa ukubeka indawo yawophenyamaqondana nengxenye elinganiswayo.

Nali ithebula eliwusizo ukusiza ukuqonda okuhle nokubi:

Ama-probe avame ukumiswa ngobukhulu obungu-3–X, Y, kanye no-Z. Nokho, imishini eyinkimbinkimbi ingavumela i-engeli yama-probe ukuthi ishintshwe okuvumela ukulinganisa ezindaweni lapho uphenyo lungeke lukwazi ukufinyelela khona.Amathebula ajikelezayo angasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokusondela lezici ezihlukahlukene.

Ama-CMM ngokuvamile enziwa nge-granite ne-aluminium, futhi asebenzisa ama-air bearings

I-probe iyinzwa enquma ukuthi ingaphezulu lengxenye likuphi lapho isilinganiso senziwa.

Izinhlobo ze-Probe zihlanganisa:

• Omakhenikha
• I-Optical
• I-Laser
• Ukukhanya Okumhlophe

Imishini yokukala yokuhlanganisa isetshenziswa cishe ngezindlela ezintathu ezijwayelekile:

• Iminyango Yokulawula Ikhwalithi: Nansi ivamise ukugcinwa emagumbini ahlanzekile alawulwa yisimo sezulu ukuze kwandiswe ukunemba kwawo.
• Isitezi Sesitolo: Lapha ama-CMM aphansi phakathi kweMishini ye-CNC ukuze kube lula ukuhlola njengengxenye yeseli elikhiqizayo elinohambo oluncane phakathi kwe-CMM nomshini lapho izingxenye zikhiqizwa khona.Lokhu kuvumela ukukala ukuthi kwenziwe kusenesikhathi futhi okungenzeka ukuthi kaningi okuholela ekongeni njengoba amaphutha ebonwa ngokushesha.
• Okuphathekayo: Ama-CMM aphathekayo kulula ukuhambahamba.Zingase zisetshenziswe Esitezi Sesitolo noma ziyise endaweni ekude nendawo yokukhiqiza ukuze zilinganise izingxenye zensimu.

Inembe Kangakanani Imishini Ye-CMM (Ukunemba Kwe-CMM)?

Ukunemba kwe-Coordinate Measurement Machines kuyahlukahluka.Ngokuvamile, bahlose ukunemba kwe-micrometer noma okungcono.Kodwa akulula kangako.Okokuqala, kukhona iphutha kungaba umsebenzi wosayizi, ngakho iphutha lokulinganisa le-CMM lingase licaciswe njengefomula emfushane ehlanganisa ubude besilinganiso njengokuguquguqukayo.

Isibonelo, i-Hexagon's Global Classic CMM ifakwe kuhlu njenge-CMM yezinjongo zonke ethengekayo, futhi icacisa ukunemba kwayo ngokuthi:

1.0 + L/300um

Lezo zilinganiso zingama-microns futhi u-L ucaciswe ngo-mm.Ngakho-ke ake sithi sizama ukukala ubude besici esingu-10mm.Ifomula izoba ngu-1.0 + 10/300 = 1.0 + 1/30 noma ama-microns angu-1.03.

I-micron ingxenye eyinkulungwane ye-mm, okungamayintshi angu-0.00003937.Ngakho-ke iphutha lapho sikala ubude bethu obungu-10mm bungu-0.00103 mm noma 0.00004055 amayintshi.Lokho kungaphansi kwengxenye yeshumi—iphutha elincane kakhulu!

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu kufanele abe nokunemba okungu-10x esizama ukukukala.Ngakho lokho kusho ukuthi uma singase sithembe kuphela lesi silinganiso ku-10x lelo nani, noma amayintshi angu-0.00005.Kuseyiphutha elincane kakhulu.

Izinto ziba murker nakakhulu ngezilinganiso ze-CMM zesitolo.Uma i-CMM ifakwe elebhu yokuhlola elawulwa izinga lokushisa, isiza kakhulu.Kodwa ku-Shop Floor, amazinga okushisa angahluka kakhulu.Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene i-CMM enganxephezela ngayo ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kodwa azikho eziphelele.

Abenzi be-CMM bavame ukucacisa ukunemba kwebhendi yokushisa, futhi ngokuya ngezinga le-ISO 10360-2 lokunemba kwe-CMM, ibhendi evamile ingu-64-72F (18-22C).Kuhle lokho ngaphandle kwalapho i-Shop Floor yakho ingu-86F ehlobo.Khona-ke awunayo i-spec enhle yephutha.

Abanye abakhiqizi bazokunikeza isethi yezitebhisi noma amabhendi okushisa anezincazelo ezihlukile zokunemba.Kodwa kwenzekani uma usebangeni elingaphezu kwelilodwa ekusebenzeni okufanayo kwezingxenye ngezikhathi ezihlukene zosuku noma izinsuku ezihlukile zeviki?

Umuntu uqala ukuthi enze isabelomali sokungaqiniseki esivumela izimo ezimbi kakhulu.Uma lezo zimo ezimbi kakhulu ziphumela ekubekezeleni okungamukeleki kwezingxenye zakho, kudingeka izinguquko ezengeziwe zenqubo:

• Ungakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwe-CMM ezikhathini ezithile zosuku lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ebangeni elivumayo.
• Ungakhetha kuphela izingxenye zokubekezelela okuphansi komshini noma izici ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku.
• Ama-CMM angcono angase abe nokucaciswa okungcono kwebanga lakho lokushisa.Zingase zikufanelekele nakuba zingabiza kakhulu.

Impela lezi zinyathelo zizodala umonakalo ekhonweni lakho lokuhlela kahle imisebenzi yakho.Kungazelelwe ucabanga ukuthi ukulawula isimo sezulu esingcono ku-Shop Floor kungase kube utshalomali olufanele.

Ungabona ukuthi yonke le nto yokulinganisa iba nzima kanjani.

Esinye isithako esihambisanayo wukuthi kucaciswa kanjani ukubekezelelana okufanele kubhekwe yi-CMM.Izinga legolide yi-Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T).Bheka isifundo sethu se-GD&T ukuze ufunde kabanzi.

Isoftware ye-CMM

I-CMM isebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesoftware.Izinga libizwa nge-DMIS, okusho ukuthi i-Dimensional Measurement Interface Standard.Yize kungesona isixhumi esibonakalayo sesoftware yawo wonke umkhiqizi we-CMM, iningi labo okungenani liyayisekela.

Abakhiqizi badale okwabo okunambitheka okuhlukile ukuze bengeze imisebenzi yokulinganisa engasekelwe yi-DMIS.

I-DMIS

Njengoba kushiwo i-DMIS, indinganiso, kodwa njenge-g-code ye-CNC, kunezilimi zesigodi eziningi ezihlanganisa:

• I-PC-DMIS: Inguqulo ye-Hexagon
• I-OpenDMIS
• I-TouchDMIS: I-Perceptron

I-MCOSMOS

I-MCOSTMOS isofthiwe ye-CMM ka-Nikon.

I-Calypso

ICalypso isoftware yeCMM evela kuZeiss.

I-CMM ne-CAD/CAM Software

I-CMM Software and Programming ihlobana kanjani ne-CAD/CAM Software?

Kunamafomethi amaningi ahlukene wefayela le-CAD, ngakho hlola ukuthi yimaphi I-CMM Software yakho ehambisana nawo.Ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina kubizwa ngeModel Based Definition (MBD).Nge-MBD, imodeli ngokwayo ingasetshenziswa ukukhipha ubukhulu be-CMM.

I-MDB iphambili kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayikasetshenziswa ezikhathini eziningi.

I-CMM Probes, Fixtures, kanye Nezesekeli

I-CMM Probes

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ze-probe kanye nokwakheka kuyatholakala ukuze kube lula izinhlelo eziningi ezahlukene.

Ukulungiswa kwe-CMM

Ukulungiswa konke kusindisa isikhathi lapho ulayisha futhi uthulula izingxenye ku-CMM, njengasemshinini we-CNC.Ungathola nama-CMM anama-automatic pallet loader ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza.

Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-CMM

Imishini Emisha Yokulinganisa Ukudidiyela iqala ku-$20,000 kuya ku-$30,000 futhi ikhuphuke ifinyelele ngaphezu kwesigidi esingu-$1.

Imisebenzi Ehlobene ne-CMM Esitolo Semishini

Umphathi we-CMM

Umhleli we-CMM

Umsebenzisi we-CMM