Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Womshini Nokulinganisa we-CMM

Uyini uMshini we-CMM?

Cabanga ngomshini wesitayela se-CNC okwazi ukwenza izilinganiso ezinembile kakhulu ngendlela ezenzakalelayo kakhulu. Yilokho okwenziwa yi-CMM Machines!

I-CMM imele “Umshini Wokulinganisa Ohlanganisayo”. Mhlawumbe bangamadivayisi okulinganisa e-3D angcono kakhulu ngokwenhlanganisela yawo yokuguquguquka, ukunemba, kanye nesivinini.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemishini Yokulinganisa Ehlanganisiwe

Imishini Yokulinganisa Ehlanganisiwe iwusizo noma nini lapho kudingeka kwenziwe izilinganiso ezinembile. Futhi uma izilinganiso ziyinkimbinkimbi noma ziningi, kulapho kunenzuzo khona ukusebenzisa i-CMM.

Ngokuvamile ama-CMM asetshenziselwa ukuhlola nokulawula ikhwalithi. Okusho ukuthi, asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye iyahlangabezana nezidingo kanye nemininingwane yomklami.

Zingase futhi zisetshenzisweunjiniyela obuyela emuvaizingxenye ezikhona ngokwenza izilinganiso ezinembile zezici zazo.

Ubani owasungula iMishini ye-CMM?

Imishini yokuqala ye-CMM yathuthukiswa yiFerranti Company yaseScotland ngawo-1950. Yayidingeka ukuze kulinganiswe ngokunembile izingxenye embonini yezindiza nezokuvikela. Imishini yokuqala yayinezingqimba ezimbili kuphela zokuhamba. Imishini emi-3 e-axis yasungulwa ngawo-1960 yi-DEA yase-Italy. Ukulawulwa kwamakhompyutha kwaqala ngawo-1970, futhi kwethulwa yiSheffield yase-USA.

Izinhlobo Zemishini ye-CMM

Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zomshini wokulinganisa ohlanganisayo:

• Uhlobo lwebhuloho i-CMM: Kulo mklamo, ovame kakhulu, ikhanda le-CMM ligibela ebhulohweni. Olunye uhlangothi lwebhuloho lugibela erelini embhedeni, kanti olunye lusekelwe esikhungweni somoya noma kwenye indlela embhedeni ngaphandle kwereyili yokuqondisa.
• I-Cantilever CMM: I-cantilever isekela ibhuloho ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela.
• I-Gantry CMM: I-gantry isebenzisa i-guide rail kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, njenge-CNC Router. Lezi ngokuvamile ziyi-CMM ezinkulu kakhulu, ngakho zidinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe.
• Ingalo Evundlile CMM: Cabanga nge-cantilever, kodwa ibhuloho lonke lihamba phezulu naphansi engalweni eyodwa kunokuba lihambe ku-axis yalo. Lawa ama-CMM anganembile kangako, kodwa angalinganisa izingxenye ezinkulu ezincane njengemizimba yezimoto.
• Uhlobo Lwengalo Ephathekayo CMM: Le mishini isebenzisa izingalo ezihlangene futhi ngokuvamile zibekwe ngesandla. Esikhundleni sokulinganisa i-XYZ ngqo, ibala ama-coordinates kusukela endaweni ejikelezayo yelunga ngalinye kanye nobude obaziwayo phakathi kwamalunga.

Ngayinye inezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kuye ngezinhlobo zokulinganisa okufanele zenziwe. Lezi zinhlobo zibhekisela esakhiweni somshini esisetshenziselwa ukubekai-probeuma kuqhathaniswa nengxenye elinganiswayo.

Nasi ithebula eliwusizo lokusiza ukuqonda izinzuzo nezingozi:

Ama-probe avame ukufakwa ngobukhulu obungu-3–u-X, u-Y, no-Z. Kodwa-ke, imishini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ingavumela futhi i-engeli yama-probe ukuthi ishintshwe okuvumela ukulinganiswa ezindaweni lapho i-probe ibingeke ikwazi ukufinyelela khona. Amatafula ajikelezayo angasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokusondela kwezici ezahlukahlukene.

Ama-CMM avame ukwenziwa nge-granite ne-aluminium, futhi asebenzisa ama-air bearing.

I-probe iyinzwa enquma ukuthi ubuso bengxenye bukuphi lapho kwenziwa isilinganiso.

Izinhlobo ze-probe zifaka:

• Okwemishini
• Optical
• I-Laser
• Ukukhanya Okumhlophe

Imishini Yokulinganisa Ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezintathu ezijwayelekile:

• Iminyango Yokulawula Ikhwalithi: Nansi ivame ukugcinwa emakamelweni ahlanzekile alawulwa yisimo sezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwawo.
• Isitolo Sendawo: Lapha ama-CMM aphansi phakathi kweMishini ye-CNC ukuze kube lula ukwenza ukuhlolwa njengengxenye yeseli yokukhiqiza enokuhamba okuncane phakathi kwe-CMM nomshini lapho izingxenye zishintshwa khona. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi izilinganiso zenziwe kusenesikhathi futhi mhlawumbe kaningi okuholela ekongeni njengoba amaphutha etholakala ngokushesha.
• Ama-CMM aphathekayo: Ama-CMM aphathekayo kulula ukuwahambisa. Angasetshenziswa eSitezi Sesitolo noma ngisho nokuwayisa endaweni ekude nesakhiwo sokukhiqiza ukuze kulinganiswe izingxenye ensimini.

Inembile Kangakanani Imishini ye-CMM (Ukunemba kwe-CMM)?

Ukunemba kweMishini Yokulinganisa Ehlanganisiwe kuyahlukahluka. Ngokuvamile, ihlose ukunemba kwe-micrometer noma okungcono. Kodwa akulula kangako. Okokuqala, iphutha lingaba umsebenzi wobukhulu, ngakho-ke iphutha lokulinganisa le-CMM lingachazwa njengefomula emfushane efaka ubude bokulinganisa njengento eguquguqukayo.

Isibonelo, i-Hexagon's Global Classic CMM ibhalwe njenge-CMM engabizi kakhulu, futhi icacisa ukunemba kwayo kanje:

1.0 + L/300um

Lezo zilinganiso zingama-micron kanti u-L ucacisiwe ngama-mm. Ngakho ake sithi sizama ukukala ubude besici esingu-10mm. Ifomula izoba ngu-1.0 + 10/300 = 1.0 + 1/30 noma ama-micron angu-1.03.

I-micron iyinxenye yenkulungwane ye-mm, okungaba amasentimitha angu-0.00003937. Ngakho-ke iphutha lapho silinganisa ubude bethu obungu-10mm lingu-0.00103 mm noma amasentimitha angu-0.00004055. Lokho kungaphansi kwengxenye yesigamu seshumi - iphutha elincane kakhulu!

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu kufanele abe nokunemba okuphindwe kayishumi kulokho esizama ukukulinganisa. Ngakho lokho kusho ukuthi uma singase sithembe lesi silinganiso kuphela kuphindwe kayishumi kulelo nani, noma amasentimitha angu-0.00005. Kuseyiphutha elincane impela.

Izinto ziba nzima nakakhulu ngokulinganisa i-CMM phansi kwesitolo. Uma i-CMM igcinwe elabhorethri yokuhlola elawulwa amazinga okushisa, kuyasiza kakhulu. Kodwa eSitezi Sesitolo, amazinga okushisa angahluka kakhulu. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene i-CMM engalungisa ngazo ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kodwa ayikho ephelele.

Abenzi be-CMM bavame ukucacisa ukunemba kwebhendi yokushisa, futhi ngokwezinga le-ISO 10360-2 lokunemba kwe-CMM, ibhendi evamile ingu-64-72F (18-22C). Lokho kuhle ngaphandle kokuthi i-Shop Floor yakho ingu-86F ehlobo. Khona-ke awunayo imininingwane emihle yephutha.

Abanye abakhiqizi bazokunikeza isethi yezitebhisi noma amabhendi okushisa anezincazelo ezahlukene zokunemba. Kodwa kwenzekani uma usebangeni elingaphezu kwelilodwa lokugijima okufanayo kwezingxenye ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku noma ezinsukwini ezahlukene zesonto?

Umuntu uqala ukudala isabelomali sokungaqiniseki esivumela izimo ezimbi kakhulu. Uma lezo zimo ezimbi kakhulu ziholela ekubekezelelweni okungamukeleki kwezingxenye zakho, kudingeka izinguquko ezengeziwe zenqubo:

• Ungakhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwe-CMM ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku lapho amazinga okushisa ehla khona ngebanga elihle.
• Ungakhetha ukufaka izingxenye noma izici eziphansi zokubekezelelana kwemishini ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku.
• Ama-CMM angcono angase abe nemininingwane engcono yezinga lakho lokushisa. Angase abe wusizo yize engaba ebiza kakhulu.

Vele lezi zinyathelo zizolimaza ikhono lakho lokuhlela imisebenzi yakho ngokunembile. Kungazelelwe ucabanga ukuthi ukulawula isimo sezulu okungcono eShop Floor kungaba ukutshalwa kwezimali okunenzuzo.

Ungabona ukuthi yonke le nto yokulinganisa iba nzima kangakanani.

Esinye isithako esihambisanayo ukuthi ukubekezelelana okufanele kuhlolwe yi-CMM kuchazwe kanjani. Indinganiso yegolide yi-Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Hlola inkambo yethu yokwethula ku-GD&T ukuze ufunde kabanzi.

Isofthiwe ye-CMM

Ama-CMM asebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesofthiwe. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-DMIS, okusho ukuthi i-Dimensional Measurement Interface Standard. Nakuba kungeyona i-interface eyinhloko yesofthiwe yabo bonke abakhiqizi be-CMM, iningi labo okungenani liyayisekela.

Abakhiqizi badale ukunambitheka kwabo okuhlukile ukuze bangeze imisebenzi yokulinganisa engasekelwa yi-DMIS.

I-DMIS

Njengoba kushiwo i-DMIS, iyindinganiso, kodwa njenge-g-code ye-CNC, kunezilimi eziningi ezihlanganisa:

• I-PC-DMIS: Inguqulo ye-Hexagon
• I-OpenDMIS
• I-TouchDMIS: I-Perceptron

I-MCOSMOS

I-MCOSTMOS iyisofthiwe ye-CMM kaNikon.

I-Calypso

I-Calypso iyisofthiwe ye-CMM evela ku-Zeiss.

Isofthiwe ye-CMM kanye ne-CAD/CAM

Isofthiwe ye-CMM kanye nokuHlela kuhlobana kanjani nesofthiwe ye-CAD/CAM?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamafomethi amafayela e-CAD, ngakho hlola ukuthi yimaphi ahambisana ne-CMM Software yakho. Ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kubizwa ngokuthi i-Model Based Definition (MBD). Nge-MBD, imodeli ngokwayo ingasetshenziswa ukukhipha ubukhulu be-CMM.

I-MDB iyindlela ehamba phambili, ngakho-ke ayikasetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi.

Ama-CMM Probes, Izinto Zokusebenza, Nezesekeli

Ama-CMM Probes

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-probe kanye nezimo ezitholakalayo ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo eziningi ezahlukene.

Izakhiwo ze-CMM

Zonke izinto ezifakiwe zisindisa isikhathi lapho ulayisha futhi ulayisha izingxenye ku-CMM, njengasemshinini we-CNC. Ungathola ngisho nama-CMM anama-pallet loaders azenzakalelayo ukuze andise umthamo wawo.

Intengo Yomshini we-CMM

Imishini Emisha Yokulinganisa I-Coordinate iqala kusukela ku-$20,000 kuya ku-$30,000 futhi ikhuphukela ngaphezu kwe-$1 million.

Imisebenzi Ehlobene ne-CMM Esitolo Somshini

Umphathi we-CMM

Umhleli we-CMM

Umsebenzisi we-CMM