In emkhakheni wocwaningo lwesayensi, ukuphindaphindwa kwedatha yokuhlola kuyisici esibalulekile sokulinganisa ukwethembeka kokutholwe yisayensi. Noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo noma iphutha lokulinganisa lingabangela ukuchezuka komphumela, ngaleyo ndlela lenze buthaka ukuthembeka kwesiphetho socwaningo. Ngezakhiwo zayo ezivelele zemvelo namakhemikhali, igwadle liqinisekisa ukuzinza kokuhlolwa kuzo zonke izici kusukela emvelweni wayo wezinto ezibonakalayo kuya ekuklanyweni kwesakhiwo, okuyenza ibe yisisekelo esikahle sempahla yocwaningo lwesayensi.
1. I-Isotropy: Ukuqeda imithombo yephutha ehambisana nokokusebenza ngokwako
I-Granite yenziwe ngamakristalu amaminerali afana ne-quartz, i-feldspar ne-mica esatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, ebonisa izici zemvelo ze-isotropic. Lesi sici sibonisa ukuthi izici zayo ezibonakalayo (ezifana nokuqina kanye ne-elastic modulus) ziyahambisana ngokuyisisekelo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi futhi ngeke zibangele ukuchezuka kwesilinganiso ngenxa yokuhluka kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi. Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kokunemba kwemishini, lapho amasampula ebekwe kuplathifomu yegwadle ukuze kulayishwe izivivinyo, ukuguqulwa kwenkundla kuhlala kuzinzile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi lapho amandla asetshenziswa khona, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ngempumelelo amaphutha okulinganisa abangelwa i-anisotropy yesiqondisindlela sezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokuphambene, izinto zensimbi zibonisa i-anisotropy ebalulekile ngenxa yomehluko wokuma kwekristalu ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okuthinta kabi ukuvumelana kwedatha yokuhlola. Ngakho-ke, lesi sici se-granite siqinisekisa ukufana kwezimo zokuhlola futhi sibeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuzuza ukuphindaphindwa kwedatha.
2. Ukuzinza kwe-thermal: Melana nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa
Ukuhlolwa kocwaningo lwesayensi kuvame ukuzwela kakhulu ekushiseni kwemvelo. Ngisho nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuncane kungabangela ukwanda okushisayo nokufinyela kwezinto, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba kokulinganisa. I-Granite ine-coefficient ephansi kakhulu yokunwetshwa kokushisa (4-8 × 10⁻⁶/℃), okuyingxenye kuphela yensimbi ekhonjiwe kanye nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ye-aluminium alloy. Endaweni enokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungu-±5℃, ukushintshwa kosayizi weplathifomu yegwadle eyimitha ubude ingaphansi kuka-0.04μm, okungacishe kunganakwa. Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kokuphazamiseka kokubona, ukusetshenziswa kwamapulatifomu egwadle kungahlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuphazamiseka kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ukuqala nokumiswa kwama-air conditioner, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwedatha ngesikhathi sokukalwa kwe-wavelength ye-laser nokugwema ukuphazamiseka kwemiphetho ngenxa yokuguquguquka okushisayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekise ukuvumelana okuhle nokuqhathaniswa kwedatha ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
Iii. Amandla avelele okucindezela ukudlidliza
Endaweni yaselabhorethri, ukudlidliza okuhlukahlukene (njengokusebenza kwemishini nokunyakaza kwabasebenzi) kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezithinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ngenxa yezici zayo eziphakeme zokudambisa, i-granite isiphenduke uhlobo "lwesithiyo semvelo". Isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi sekristalu singaguqula ngokushesha amandla okudlidliza abe amandla ashisayo, futhi isilinganiso sawo somswakama siphezulu njengo-0.05-0.1, ongcono kakhulu kunezinto zensimbi (cishe ngo-0.01 kuphela). Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kwe-scanning tunnel microscopy (STM), ngokusebenzisa isisekelo segwadle, ngaphezu kuka-90% wokudlidliza kwangaphandle kungancishiswa phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-0.3, okugcina ibanga phakathi kwe-probe nendawo yesampula zizinze kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana kokutholwa kwesithombe seleveli ye-athomu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa iplatifomu yegwadle nezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ukudlidliza njengeziphethu zomoya noma i-levitation kazibuthe kungaqhubeka nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-oscillation ezingeni le-nanometer, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokuhlola.
Iv. Ukuzinza Kwamakhemikhali Nokwethenjelwa Kwesikhathi Eside
Ukuzijwayeza kocwaningo lwesayensi kuvame ukudinga ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi eside nokuphindaphindiwe, ngakho imfuneko yokuqina kwempahla ibaluleke kakhulu. Njengento enezinto zamakhemikhali ezinzile, igwadule linobubanzi obubanzi bokubekezelela i-pH (1-14), ayisebenzi nge-asidi evamile nama-alkali ama-reagents, futhi ayikhiphi ama-ion ensimbi. Ngakho-ke, ifaneleka ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nelabhorethri yamakhemikhali namakamelo ahlanzekile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ubulukhuni bayo obuphezulu (ukuqina kwe-Mohs kwe-6-7) nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqoka kwenza kungabi lula ukugqoka nokuguqulwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi ukuhluka kokucaba kweplathifomu yegwadle osekuneminyaka engu-10 isetshenziswa esikhungweni esithile socwaningo lwe-physics kusalawulwa phakathi kuka-±0.1μm/m, kubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuhlinzeka ngokuqhubekayo isithenjwa esithembekile.
Sengiphetha, ngokombono we-microstructure kuya ekusebenzeni kwe-macroscopic, i-granite isusa ngokuhlelekile izici ezihlukahlukene ezingase ziphazamise ngezinzuzo eziningi ezifana ne-isotropy, ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kokushisa, ikhono eliphumelelayo lokucindezela ukudlidliza, nokuqina kwamakhemikhali okuvelele. Emkhakheni wocwaningo lwesayensi oluphishekela ukuqina nokuphindaphinda, i-granite, enezinzuzo zayo ezingenakuphikiswa, isibe amandla abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni idatha yeqiniso nethembekile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-24-2025