I-Flat Panel Display (FPD) isiphenduke insakavukela yama-TV azayo. Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile, kodwa ayikho incazelo eqinile emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwesibonisi luncane futhi lubukeka njengephaneli eliyisicaba. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuboniswa kwamaphaneli ayisicaba. , Ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokubonisa kanye nesimiso sokusebenza, kukhona isibonisi se-crystal liquid (LCD), isibonisi se-plasma (PDP), isibonisi se-electroluminescence (ELD), isibonisi se-organic electroluminescence (OLED), isibonisi se-field emission (FED), isibonisi sokuqagela, njll. Izinsiza eziningi ze-FPD zenziwe nge-granite. Ngoba isisekelo somshini we-granite sinokunemba okungcono kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba.
ukuthuthukiswa umkhuba
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CRT evamile (ithubhu le-cathode ray), isibonisi sephaneli eyisicaba sinezinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla amancane, alula, aphansi, imisebe ephansi, ayicwayizi, futhi inenzuzo empilweni yomuntu. Idlule i-CRT ekuthengisweni komhlaba wonke. Ngo-2010, kulinganiselwa ukuthi isilinganiso senani lokuthengisa lalokhu okubili lizofinyelela ku-5:1. Ekhulwini lama-21, izibonisi zephaneli eziyisicaba zizoba imikhiqizo evamile esibonisini. Ngokwesibikezelo se-Stanford Resources edumile, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokubonisa iphaneli izokhuphuka isuka ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2001 iye kumadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-58.7 ngo-2006, futhi isilinganiso sokukhula konyaka sizofinyelela ku-20% eminyakeni emi-4 ezayo.
Bonisa ubuchwepheshe
Izibonisi zephaneli eyisicaba zihlukaniswa zibe izibonisi ezikhipha ukukhanya okusebenzayo kanye nezibonisi ezikhipha ukukhanya okwenziwayo. Eyangaphambili ibhekisela edivayisini yokubonisa ukuthi isibonisi ngokwayo sikhipha ukukhanya futhi sihlinzeka ngemisebe ebonakalayo, ehlanganisa isibonisi se-plasma (PDP), isibonisi se-vacuum fluorescent (VFD), isibonisi se-field emission (FED), isibonisi se-electroluminescence (LED) nesibonisi se-organic light emitting diode (OLED) )Linda. Lokhu kwakamuva kusho ukuthi akukhiphi ukukhanya ngokwako, kodwa kusebenzisa isibonisi ukuze silungiswe isignali kagesi, futhi izici zayo zokubona ziyashintsha, shintsha ukukhanya kwe-ambient nokukhanya okukhishwa ukunikezwa kwamandla kwangaphandle (i-backlight, umthombo wokukhanya we-projection), futhi ikwenze kusikrini sokubonisa noma isikrini. Bonisa amadivayisi, afaka i-liquid crystal display (LCD), i-micro-electromechanical system display (DMD) nesibonisi se-electronic inki (EL), njll.
I-LCD
Izibonisi zekristalu eliwuketshezi zihlanganisa izibonisi ze-matrix liquid crystal displays (PM-LCD) nezibonisi ze-matrix liquid crystal displays (AM-LCD). Kokubili izibonisi ze-STN kanye ne-TN liquid crystal zingezezibonisi ze-matrix liquid crystal displays. Ngawo-1990s, ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa ikristalu ye-active-matrix liquid crystal bathuthukiswa ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ifilimu encane ye-transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD). Njengomkhiqizo oshintshwayo we-STN, inezinzuzo zejubane lokuphendula ngokushesha futhi ayicwayizi, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhompyutha aphathwayo naseziteshini zokusebenza, ama-TV, ama-camcorder nama-consoles wegeyimu yevidiyo ephathwayo. Umehluko phakathi kwe-AM-LCD ne-PM-LCD ukuthi eyokuqala inezisetshenziswa ezishintshayo ezingezwe kuphikseli ngayinye, ezinganqoba iziphazamiso futhi zithole ukugqama okuphezulu nokuboniswa okuphezulu. I-AM-LCD yamanje yamukela idivayisi yokushintsha ye-amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT nohlelo lwe-capacitor yokugcina, engathola izinga eliphezulu elimpunga futhi ibone ukuboniswa kombala wangempela. Kodwa-ke, isidingo sokulungiswa okuphezulu namaphikseli amancane wekhamera enokuminyana okuphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-projection siye saqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezibonisi ze-P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (ifilimu encane ye-transistor). Ukuhamba kwe-P-Si kuphakeme izikhathi eziyisi-8 kuye kweziyi-9 kune-a-Si. Ubukhulu obuncane be-P-Si TFT abufaneleki kuphela ukuboniswa kwe-high-density kanye ne-high-resolution, kodwa futhi ama-circuits e-peripheral angahlanganiswa ku-substrate.
Sekukonke, i-LCD ifanele izibonisi ezincane, ezilula, ezincane nezimaphakathi ezinamandla aphansi, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumishini kagesi efana namakhompyutha wamanothi nomakhalekhukhwini. Ama-LCD angu-30 intshi kanye nama-intshi angu-40 athuthukiswe ngempumelelo, futhi amanye asetshenziswa. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwe-LCD ngezinga elikhulu, izindleko ziyancipha ngokuqhubekayo. Imonitha ye-LCD engu-15 intshi iyatholakala ngo-$500. Isiqondiso sayo sokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo wukushintsha isibonisi se-cathode se-PC bese sisisebenzisa ku-LCD TV.
Isibonisi sePlasma
Isibonisi se-Plasma ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa obukhipha ukukhanya obutholwa ngomgomo wokuphuma kwegesi (njengomkhathi). Imibukiso ye-Plasma inezinzuzo zamashubhu e-cathode ray, kodwa akhiwe ezakhiweni ezincanyana kakhulu. Usayizi womkhiqizo ojwayelekile ungamayintshi angama-40-42. Imikhiqizo engu-50 60 inch iyathuthukiswa.
i-vacuum fluorescence
Isibonisi se-vacuum fluorescent yisibonisi esisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yomsindo/ividiyo nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya. Kuyidivayisi yokubonisa ishubhu ye-electron ye-triode yohlobo lwe-vacuum ehlanganisa i-cathode, igridi ne-anode kushubhu ye-vacuum. Kungenxa yokuthi ama-electron akhishwa yi-cathode asheshiswa yi-voltage eqondile esetshenziswa kugridi kanye ne-anode, futhi akhuthaze i-phosphor eboshwe ku-anode ukuze ikhiphe ukukhanya. Igridi ithatha isakhiwo sekhekheba lezinyosi.
i-electroluminescence)
Izibonisi ze-Electroluminescent zenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe befilimu encane yesimo esiqinile. Isendlalelo se-insulating sibekwe phakathi kwamapuleti angu-2 futhi ungqimba omncane we-electroluminescent ufakwa. Idivayisi isebenzisa amapuleti ana-zinc-coated noma i-strontium ane-spectrum ephumayo ebanzi njengezingxenye ze-electroluminescent. Ungqimba lwayo lwe-electroluminescent luwugqinsi lwama-microns angu-100 futhi lungafinyelela umphumela wokubonisa ocacile ofanayo njengesibonisi se-organic light emitting diode (OLED). I-voltage yayo evamile yokushayela ingu-10KHz, 200V AC voltage, edinga umshayeli obiza kakhulu i-IC. I-microdisplay enokulungiswa okuphezulu kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokushayela olusebenzayo lwenziwe ngempumelelo.
kwaholela
Izibonisi ze-diode ezikhipha ukukhanya zihlanganisa inombolo enkulu yama-diode akhipha ukukhanya, angaba yi-monochromatic noma imibala eminingi. Ama-diode aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asebenza kahle kakhulu akhipha ukukhanya aseyatholakala, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza izibonisi ze-LED ezinombala ogcwele wesikrini esikhulu. Izibonisi ze-LED zinezici zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nempilo ende, futhi zifanele izibonisi zesikrini esikhulu ukuze zisetshenziswe ngaphandle. Nokho, azikho izibonisi zebanga elimaphakathi zamamonitha noma ama-PDA (amakhompyutha aphathwayo) angenziwa ngalobu buchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, isifunda esihlanganisiwe se-LED monolithic singasetshenziswa njengesibonisi esibonakalayo se-monochromatic.
MEMS
Lesi yi-microdisplay eyenziwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-MEMS. Kulezi zibonisi, izakhiwo zemishini ezincane zenziwa ngokucubungula ama-semiconductors nezinye izinto kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-semiconductor. Edivayisini ye-micromirror yedijithali, isakhiwo yisibuko esincane esisekelwa ihinge. Amahinge ayo acutshungulwa amashaji asemapuletini axhunywe kwelinye lamaseli enkumbulo angezansi. Usayizi we-micromirror ngayinye cishe ububanzi bezinwele zomuntu. Le divayisi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojektha aphathekayo wezentengiselwano namaphrojektha wetiyetha yasekhaya.
ukukhishwa kwensimu
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuboniswa kokukhishwa kwensimu siyefana neshubhu le-cathode ray, okungukuthi, ama-electron akhangwa ipuleti futhi enziwa ukuthi angqubuzane ne-phosphor embozwe i-anode ukuze ikhiphe ukukhanya. I-cathode yayo yakhiwe inombolo enkulu yemithombo yama-electron emincane ehlelwe ngokulandelana, okungukuthi, ngendlela yohlu lwephikseli eyodwa kanye ne-cathode eyodwa. Njengezibonisi ze-plasma, izibonisi zokukhishwa kwensimu zidinga ama-voltage aphezulu ukuze asebenze, kusukela ku-200V kuya ku-6000V. Kodwa kuze kube manje, akubanga isibonisi sephaneli eyisicaba esijwayelekile ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza zemishini yayo yokukhiqiza.
ukukhanya okuphilayo
Kusibonisi se-organic light-emitting diode (OLED), amandla kagesi adluliswa kungqimba olulodwa noma eziningi zepulasitiki ukuze kukhiqizwe ukukhanya okufana ne-inorganic light-emitting diode. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okudingekayo kudivayisi ye-OLED isitaki sefilimu sesimo esiqinile ku-substrate. Kodwa-ke, izinto eziphilayo zizwela kakhulu kumhwamuko wamanzi nomoya-mpilo, ngakho ukuvala uphawu kubalulekile. Ama-OLED angamadivayisi asebenzayo akhipha ukukhanya futhi abonisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zokukhanya nezici zokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Zinamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza ngobuningi kunqubo ye-roll-by-roll kuma-substrates aguquguqukayo ngakho-ke angabizi kakhulu ukuwenza. Ubuchwepheshe bunohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ekukhanyisweni okulula kwe-monochromatic endaweni enkulu kuya ekubonisweni kwezithombe zevidiyo ezinombala ogcwele.
Uyinki we-elekthronikhi
Izibonisi ze-e-ink yizibonisi ezilawulwa ngokufaka inkambu kagesi ezintweni ezibhistable. Iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-micro-sealed transparent sphere, ngayinye engaba ngu-100 microns ububanzi, equkethe uketshezi olumnyama oludayiwe kanye nezinkulungwane zezinhlayiya ze-titanium dioxide emhlophe. Uma inkambu kagesi isetshenziswa ezintweni ezibhistable, izinhlayiya ze-titanium dioxide zizothuthela kwelinye lama-electrode kuye ngesimo sazo sokushaja. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-pixel ikhiphe ukukhanya noma ingakhiphi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwaziswa kuyasebenza, kugcina ulwazi izinyanga. Njengoba isimo sayo sokusebenza silawulwa inkambu kagesi, okuqukethwe kwayo kokubonisa kungashintshwa ngamandla amancane kakhulu.
umtshina wokukhanya kwelangabi
Umtshina we-Flame Photometric FPD (I-Flame Photometric Detector, i-FPD ngamafuphi)
1. Umgomo we-FPD
Umgomo we-FPD usekelwe ekushisweni kwesampula elangabini elicebile nge-hydrogen, ukuze izinhlanganisela eziqukethe isulfure ne-phosphorus zincishiswe yi-hydrogen ngemva kokusha, kanye nezimo ezijabulisayo ze-S2* (isimo esijabulisayo se-S2) kanye ne-HPO* (isimo esijabulisayo se-HPO) kukhiqizwa. Izinto ezimbili ezijabulile zikhipha i-spectra cishe ku-400nm no-550nm lapho zibuyela esimweni esiphansi. Ukuqina kwalo mkhakha kukalwa ngeshubhu le-photomultiplier, futhi amandla okukhanya alingana nezinga lokugeleza kwenqwaba yesampula. I-FPD ingumtshina ozwela kakhulu futhi okhethayo, osetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni izinhlanganisela zesulfure ne-phosphorus.
2. Isakhiwo se-FPD
I-FPD iyisakhiwo esihlanganisa i-FID ne-photometer. Iqale njenge-FPD yelangabi elilodwa. Ngemuva kuka-1978, ukuze kulungiswe ukushiyeka kwe-FPD yelangabi elilodwa, i-FPD enamalangabi amabili yasungulwa. Inamalangabi amabili ahlukene e-air-hydrogen, ilangabi eliphansi liguqula ama-molecule esampula abe yimikhiqizo evuthayo equkethe ama-molecule alula njenge-S2 ne-HPO; ilangabi eliphezulu likhiqiza izingcezwana zesimo se-luminescent ezijabulile ezifana ne-S2* ne-HPO*, kukhona iwindi eliqondiswe elangabini eliphezulu, futhi ukushuba kwe-chemiluminescence kutholwa ngeshubhu le-photomultiplier. Ifasitela lenziwe ngengilazi eqinile, futhi umlomo wombhobho welangabi wenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali.
3. Ukusebenza kwe-FPD
I-FPD ingumtshina okhethayo wokunquma inhlanganisela yesulfure ne-phosphorus. Ilangabi layo liyilangabi elicebile nge-hydrogen, futhi ukunikezwa komoya kwanele kuphela ukusabela ngo-70% we-hydrogen, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa kwelangabi liphansi ukukhiqiza isulfure ne-phosphorus ejabulisayo. Izingcezu ezihlanganisiwe. Izinga lokugeleza kwegesi yenethiwekhi, i-hydrogen nomoya linethonya elikhulu ku-FPD, ngakho ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwegesi kufanele kuzinze kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa lelangabi lokunqunywa kwezinhlanganisela eziqukethe isulfure kufanele libe ngu-390 ° C, elingakhiqiza i-S2* ejabulisayo; ukuze kunqunywe izinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-phosphorus, isilinganiso se-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kufanele sibe phakathi kuka-2 no-5, futhi isilinganiso se-hydrogen-to-oksijeni kufanele sishintshwe ngokuvumelana namasampula ahlukene. Igesi yenkampani yenethiwekhi kanye negesi yokwakheka kufanele futhi kulungiswe kahle ukuze kutholwe isilinganiso esihle sesiginali kuya kumsindo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-18-2022