I-Flat Panel Display (FPD) isiphenduke insakavukela yama-TV azayo.Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile, kodwa ayikho incazelo eqinile emhlabeni.Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwesibonisi luncane futhi lubukeka njengephaneli eliyisicaba.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuboniswa kwamaphaneli ayisicaba., Ngokwesibonisi esimaphakathi nesimiso sokusebenza, kukhona isibonisi se-liquid crystal (LCD), isibonisi se-plasma (PDP), isibonisi se-electroluminescence (ELD), isibonisi se-organic electroluminescence (OLED), isibonisi se-field emission (FED), isibonisi sokuqagela, njll. Izisetshenziswa eziningi ze-FPD zenziwe nge-granite.Ngoba isisekelo somshini we-granite sinokunemba okungcono kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba.
ukuthuthukiswa umkhuba
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CRT evamile (i-cathode ray tube), isibonisi sephaneli eyisicaba sinezinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla amancane, alula, aphansi, ama-radiation aphansi, awacwayizi, futhi anenzuzo empilweni yomuntu.Idlule i-CRT ekuthengisweni komhlaba wonke.Ngo-2010, kulinganiselwa ukuthi isilinganiso senani lokuthengisa lalokhu okubili lizofinyelela ku-5:1.Ekhulwini lama-21, izibonisi zephaneli eziyisicaba zizoba imikhiqizo evamile esibonisini.Ngokwesibikezelo se-Stanford Resources edumile, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokubonisa iphaneli izokhuphuka isuka ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23 zamadola aseMelika ngo-2001 iye kumadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-58.7 ngo-2006, futhi isilinganiso sokukhula konyaka sizofinyelela ku-20% eminyakeni emi-4 ezayo.
Bonisa ubuchwepheshe
Izibonisi zephaneli eyisicaba zihlukaniswa zibe izibonisi ezikhipha ukukhanya okusebenzayo kanye nezibonisi ezikhipha ukukhanya okwenziwayo.Eyangaphambili ibhekisela kudivayisi ebonisa isibonisi ngokwayo esikhipha ukukhanya futhi sinikeze imisebe ebonakalayo, ehlanganisa isibonisi se-plasma (PDP), isibonisi se-vacuum fluorescent (VFD), isibonisi se-field emission (FED), isibonisi se-electroluminescence (LED) kanye nokukhipha ukukhanya kwemvelo. isibonisi se-diode (OLED) )Linda.Lokhu kwakamuva kusho ukuthi akukhiphi ukukhanya ngokwako, kodwa kusebenzisa isibonisi ukuze silungiswe isignali kagesi, futhi izici zayo zokubona ziyashintsha, shintsha ukukhanya kwe-ambient nokukhanya okukhishwa amandla angaphandle (i-backlight, umthombo wokukhanya obonakalayo ), bese usenza esikrinini noma esikrinini.Bonisa amadivayisi, afaka i-liquid crystal display (LCD), i-micro-electromechanical system display (DMD) nesibonisi se-electronic inki (EL), njll.
I-LCD
Izibonisi ze-liquid crystal zifaka phakathi izibonisi ze-matrix liquid crystal displays (PM-LCD) nezibonisi ze-matrix liquid crystal displays (AM-LCD).Kokubili izibonisi ze-STN ne-TN liquid crystal zingezezibonisi zekristalu eliwuketshezi lwe-matrix.Ngawo-1990s, ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa ikristalu ye-active-matrix liquid crystal bathuthukiswa ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ifilimu encane ye-transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD).Njengomkhiqizo oshintshwayo we-STN, inezinzuzo zejubane lokuphendula ngokushesha futhi ayicwayizi, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhompyutha aphathwayo naseziteshini zokusebenza, ama-TV, ama-camcorder nama-consoles wegeyimu yevidiyo ephathwayo.Umehluko phakathi kwe-AM-LCD ne-PM-LCD ukuthi eyokuqala inezisetshenziswa ezishintshayo ezingezwe kuphikseli ngayinye, ezinganqoba iziphazamiso futhi zithole ukugqama okuphezulu nokuboniswa okuphezulu.I-AM-LCD yamanje yamukela idivayisi yokushintsha ye-amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT nohlelo lwe-capacitor yokugcina, engathola izinga eliphezulu elimpunga futhi ibone ukuboniswa kombala wangempela.Kodwa-ke, isidingo sokulungiswa okuphezulu namaphikseli amancane wekhamera enokuminyana okuphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-projection siye saqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezibonisi ze-P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (ifilimu encane ye-transistor).Ukuhamba kwe-P-Si kuphakeme izikhathi eziyisi-8 kuye kweziyi-9 kune-a-Si.Ubukhulu obuncane be-P-Si TFT abufaneleki kuphela ukuboniswa kwe-high-density kanye ne-high-resolution, kodwa futhi ama-circuits e-peripheral angahlanganiswa ku-substrate.
Sekukonke, i-LCD ifanele izibonisi ezincane, ezilula, ezincane nezimaphakathi ezinamandla aphansi, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumishini kagesi efana namakhompyutha wamanothi nomakhalekhukhwini.Ama-LCD angu-30 intshi kanye nama-intshi angu-40 athuthukiswe ngempumelelo, futhi amanye asetshenziswa.Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwe-LCD ngezinga elikhulu, izindleko ziyancipha ngokuqhubekayo.Imonitha ye-LCD engu-15 intshi iyatholakala ngo-$500.Isiqondiso sayo sokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo wukushintsha isibonisi se-cathode se-PC bese sisisebenzisa ku-LCD TV.
Isibonisi sePlasma
Isibonisi se-Plasma ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa obukhipha ukukhanya obutholwa ngomgomo wokuphuma kwegesi (njengomkhathi).Imibukiso ye-Plasma inezinzuzo zamashubhu e-cathode ray, kodwa akhiwe ezakhiweni ezincanyana kakhulu.Usayizi womkhiqizo ojwayelekile ungamayintshi angama-40-42.Imikhiqizo engu-50 60 inch iyathuthukiswa.
i-vacuum fluorescence
Isibonisi se-vacuum fluorescent yisibonisi esisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yomsindo/ividiyo nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya.Kuyidivayisi yokubonisa ishubhu ye-electron ye-triode yohlobo lwe-vacuum ehlanganisa i-cathode, igridi ne-anode kushubhu ye-vacuum.Kungenxa yokuthi ama-electron akhishwa yi-cathode asheshiswa yi-voltage eqondile esetshenziswa kugridi kanye ne-anode, futhi akhuthaze i-phosphor eboshwe ku-anode ukuze ikhiphe ukukhanya.Igridi ithatha isakhiwo sekhekheba lezinyosi.
i-electroluminescence)
Izibonisi ze-Electroluminescent zenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe befilimu encane yesimo esiqinile.Isendlalelo se-insulating sibekwe phakathi kwamapuleti angu-2 futhi ungqimba omncane we-electroluminescent ufakwa.Lolu cingo lusebenzisa amapuleti ana-zinc-coated noma i-strontium ane-spectrum ephumayo ebanzi njengezingxenye ze-electroluminescent.Ungqimba lwayo lwe-electroluminescent luwugqinsi lwama-microns angu-100 futhi lungafinyelela umphumela wokubonisa ocacile ofanayo njengesibonisi se-organic light emitting diode (OLED).I-voltage yayo evamile yokushayela ingu-10KHz, 200V AC voltage, edinga umshayeli obiza kakhulu i-IC.I-microdisplay enokulungiswa okuphezulu kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokushayela olusebenzayo lwenziwe ngempumelelo.
kwaholela
Izibonisi ze-diode ezikhipha ukukhanya zihlanganisa inombolo enkulu yama-diode akhipha ukukhanya, angaba yi-monochromatic noma imibala eminingi.Ama-diode aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asebenza kahle kakhulu akhipha ukukhanya aseyatholakala, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza izibonisi ze-LED ezinombala ogcwele wesikrini esikhulu.Izibonisi ze-LED zinezici zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nempilo ende, futhi zifanele izibonisi zesikrini esikhulu ukuze zisetshenziswe ngaphandle.Nokho, azikho izibonisi zebanga elimaphakathi zamamonitha noma ama-PDA (amakhompyutha aphathwayo) angenziwa ngalobu buchwepheshe.Nokho, isifunda esihlanganisiwe se-LED monolithic singasetshenziswa njengesibonisi esibonakalayo se-monochromatic.
MEMS
Lesi yi-microdisplay eyenziwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-MEMS.Kulezi zibonisi, izakhiwo zemishini ezincane zenziwa ngokucubungula ama-semiconductors nezinye izinto kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-semiconductor.Edivayisini ye-micromirror yedijithali, isakhiwo yisibuko esincane esisekelwa ihinge.Amahinge ayo acutshungulwa amashaji asemapuletini axhunywe kwelinye lamaseli enkumbulo angezansi.Usayizi we-micromirror ngayinye cishe ububanzi bezinwele zomuntu.Le divayisi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojektha aphathekayo wezentengiselwano namaphrojektha wetiyetha yasekhaya.
ukukhishwa kwensimu
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuboniswa kokukhishwa kwensimu siyefana neshubhu le-cathode ray, okungukuthi, ama-electron akhangwa ipuleti futhi enziwa ukuthi angqubuzane ne-phosphor embozwe i-anode ukuze ikhiphe ukukhanya.I-cathode yayo yakhiwe inombolo enkulu yemithombo yama-electron emincane ehlelwe ngokulandelana, okungukuthi, ngendlela yohlu lwephikseli eyodwa kanye ne-cathode eyodwa.Njengezibonisi ze-plasma, izibonisi zokukhishwa kwensimu zidinga ama-voltage aphezulu ukuze asebenze, kusukela ku-200V kuya ku-6000V.Kodwa kuze kube manje, akubanga isibonisi sephaneli eyisicaba esijwayelekile ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza zemishini yayo yokukhiqiza.
ukukhanya okuphilayo
Kusibonisi se-organic light-emitting diode (OLED), amandla kagesi adluliswa kungqimba olulodwa noma eziningi zepulasitiki ukuze kukhiqizwe ukukhanya okufana ne-inorganic light-emitting diode.Lokhu kusho ukuthi okudingekayo kudivayisi ye-OLED isitaki sefilimu sesimo esiqinile ku-substrate.Kodwa-ke, izinto eziphilayo zizwela kakhulu kumhwamuko wamanzi nomoya-mpilo, ngakho ukuvala uphawu kubalulekile.Ama-OLED angamadivayisi asebenzayo akhipha ukukhanya futhi abonisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zokukhanya nezici zokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.Zinamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza ngobuningi kunqubo ye-roll-by-roll kuma-substrates aguquguqukayo ngakho-ke angabizi kakhulu ukuwenza.Ubuchwepheshe bunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ekukhanyisweni okulula kwe-monochromatic endaweni enkulu kuya ekubonisweni kwezithombe zevidiyo ezinombala ogcwele.
Uyinki kagesi
Izibonisi ze-e-ink yizibonisi ezilawulwa ngokufaka inkambu kagesi ezintweni ezibhistable.Iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-micro-sealed transparent sphere, ngayinye engaba ngu-100 microns ububanzi, equkethe uketshezi olumnyama oludayiwe kanye nezinkulungwane zezinhlayiya ze-titanium dioxide emhlophe.Uma inkambu kagesi isetshenziswa ezintweni ezibhistable, izinhlayiya ze-titanium dioxide zizothuthela kwelinye lama-electrode kuye ngesimo sazo sokushaja.Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-pixel ikhiphe ukukhanya noma ingakhiphi.Ngenxa yokuthi ukwaziswa kuyasebenza, kugcina ulwazi izinyanga.Njengoba isimo sayo sokusebenza silawulwa inkambu kagesi, okuqukethwe kwayo kokubonisa kungashintshwa ngamandla amancane kakhulu.
umtshina wokukhanya kwelangabi
Umtshina we-Flame Photometric FPD (I-Flame Photometric Detector, i-FPD ngamafuphi)
1. Umgomo we-FPD
Umgomo we-FPD usekelwe ekushisweni kwesampula elangabini elicebile nge-hydrogen, ukuze izinhlanganisela eziqukethe isulfure ne-phosphorus zincishiswe nge-hydrogen ngemva kokusha, kanye nezimo ezijabulisayo ze-S2* (isimo esijabulisayo se-S2) ne-HPO. * (isimo esijabulisayo se-HPO) siyakhiqizwa.Izinto ezimbili ezijabulile zikhipha i-spectra cishe ku-400nm no-550nm lapho zibuyela esimweni esiphansi.Ukuqina kwalo mkhakha kukalwa ngeshubhu le-photomultiplier, futhi amandla okukhanya alingana nezinga lokugeleza kwenqwaba yesampula.I-FPD ingumtshina ozwela kakhulu futhi okhethayo, osetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni izinhlanganisela zesulfure ne-phosphorus.
2. Isakhiwo se-FPD
I-FPD iyisakhiwo esihlanganisa i-FID ne-photometer.Iqale njenge-FPD yelangabi elilodwa.Ngemuva kuka-1978, ukuze kulungiswe ukushiyeka kwe-FPD yelangabi elilodwa, i-FPD enamalangabi amabili yasungulwa.Inamalangabi amabili ahlukene e-air-hydrogen, ilangabi eliphansi liguqula ama-molecule esampula abe yimikhiqizo evuthayo equkethe ama-molecule alula njenge-S2 ne-HPO;ilangabi eliphezulu likhiqiza izingcezwana zesimo se-luminescent ezijabulile ezifana ne-S2* ne-HPO*, kukhona iwindi eliqondiswe elangabini eliphezulu, futhi ukushuba kwe-chemiluminescence kutholwa ngeshubhu le-photomultiplier.Ifasitela lenziwe ngengilazi eqinile, futhi umlomo wombhobho welangabi wenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali.
3. Ukusebenza kwe-FPD
I-FPD ingumtshina okhethayo wokunquma inhlanganisela yesulfure ne-phosphorus.Ilangabi layo liyilangabi elicebile nge-hydrogen, futhi ukunikezwa komoya kwanele kuphela ukusabela ngo-70% we-hydrogen, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa kwelangabi liphansi ukukhiqiza isulfure ne-phosphorus ejabulisayo.Izingcezu ezihlanganisiwe.Izinga lokugeleza kwegesi yenethiwekhi, i-hydrogen nomoya linethonya elikhulu ku-FPD, ngakho ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwegesi kufanele kuzinze kakhulu.Izinga lokushisa lelangabi lokunqunywa kwezinhlanganisela eziqukethe isulfure kufanele libe ngu-390 ° C, elingakhiqiza i-S2* ejabulisayo;ukuze kunqunywe izinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-phosphorus, isilinganiso se-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo kufanele sibe phakathi kuka-2 no-5, futhi isilinganiso se-hydrogen-to-oksijeni kufanele sishintshwe ngokuvumelana namasampula ahlukene.Igesi yenkampani yenethiwekhi kanye negesi yokwakheka kufanele futhi kulungiswe kahle ukuze kutholwe isilinganiso esihle sesiginali kuya kumsindo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-18-2022