Isibonisi Sephaneli Esicaba (i-FPD) sesibe yinto esetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-TV esikhathi esizayo. Kuyindlela evamile, kodwa akukho ncazelo eqinile emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwesibonisi luncane futhi lubukeka njengephaneli eyisicaba. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezibonisi zephaneli eyisicaba. , Ngokusho kwe-display medium kanye nomgomo wokusebenza, kukhona isibonisi sekristalu eliwuketshezi (i-LCD), isibonisi seplasma (i-PDP), isibonisi se-electroluminescence (i-ELD), isibonisi se-electroluminescence se-organic (i-OLED), isibonisi sokukhishwa kwensimu (i-FED), isibonisi sokubonisa, njll. Imishini eminingi ye-FPD yenziwe nge-granite. Ngoba isisekelo somshini we-granite sinokunemba okungcono kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba.
ukuthambekela kwentuthuko
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CRT yendabuko (i-cathode ray tube), isibonisi sephaneli eyisicaba sinezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane, okukhanya, okuphansi, imisebe ephansi, ukungafiphazi, futhi kunenzuzo empilweni yabantu. Sidlule i-CRT ekuthengisweni komhlaba wonke. Ngo-2010, kulinganiselwa ukuthi isilinganiso senani lokuthengisa lalawa amabili sizofinyelela ku-5:1. Ekhulwini lama-21, izibonisi zephaneli eyisicaba zizoba yimikhiqizo eyinhloko esibonisini. Ngokusho kwesibikezelo seStanford Resources esidumile, imakethe yezibonisi zephaneli eyisicaba yomhlaba wonke izokhuphuka isuka kumadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-23 ase-US ngo-2001 iye kumadola ayizigidigidi ezingama-58.7 ase-US ngo-2006, kanti isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka sizofinyelela ku-20% eminyakeni emi-4 ezayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa
Izibonisi zephaneli ezisicaba zihlukaniswe zibe izibonisi ezikhipha ukukhanya okusebenzayo kanye nezibonisi ezikhipha ukukhanya okungapheli. Eyokuqala ibhekisela kudivayisi yokubonisa ukuthi i-display medium ngokwayo ikhipha ukukhanya futhi inikeze imisebe ebonakalayo, okuhlanganisa isibonisi se-plasma (PDP), isibonisi se-vacuum fluorescent (VFD), isibonisi sokukhishwa kwensimu (FED), isibonisi se-electroluminescence (LED) kanye nesibonisi se-organic light emitting diode (OLED) )Linda. Lokhu kokugcina kusho ukuthi ayikhiphi ukukhanya ngokwayo, kodwa isebenzisa i-display medium ukuze ilawulwe yisignali kagesi, futhi izici zayo zokukhanya ziyashintsha, ziguqule ukukhanya okuzungezile kanye nokukhanya okukhishwa ugesi wangaphandle (ukukhanya kwangemuva, umthombo wokukhanya we-projection), futhi zikwenze esikrinini noma esikrinini sokubonisa. Amadivayisi okubonisa, kufaka phakathi isibonisi se-liquid crystal (LCD), isibonisi se-micro-electromechanical system (DMD) kanye nesibonisi se-electronic ink (EL), njll.
I-LCD
Izibonisi zekristalu eliwuketshezi zifaka phakathi izibonisi zekristalu eliwuketshezi le-matrix (PM-LCD) kanye nezibonisi zekristalu eliwuketshezi le-matrix (AM-LCD). Zombili izibonisi zekristalu eliwuketshezi le-STN kanye ne-TN zingezokubonisa ikristalu eliwuketshezi le-matrix. Ngawo-1990, ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa ikristalu eliwuketshezi le-active-matrix bathuthuka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi i-thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD). Njengomkhiqizo othathe indawo ye-STN, inezinzuzo zesivinini sokuphendula okusheshayo futhi ayinakufiphaza, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kumakhompyutha aphathekayo kanye nezindawo zokusebenza, ama-TV, ama-camcorder kanye nama-consoles emidlalo yevidiyo aphathwayo. Umehluko phakathi kwe-AM-LCD kanye ne-PM-LCD ukuthi eyokuqala inamadivayisi okushintsha angeziwe ku-pixel ngayinye, anganqoba ukuphazamiseka okuphambene futhi athole ukubonisa okuphambene okuphezulu kanye nokubonisa okuphezulu. I-AM-LCD yamanje isebenzisa idivayisi yokushintsha i-silicon (a-Si) TFT kanye ne-storage capacitor scheme, engathola izinga eliphakeme elimpunga futhi ifeze ukubonisa kombala wangempela. Kodwa-ke, isidingo sesisombululo esiphezulu namaphikseli amancane ezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhamera ephezulu kanye nokuphrojektha siqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezibonisi ze-P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (thin film transistor). Ukuhamba kwe-P-Si kuphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-8 kuya ku-9 kunokwe-a-Si. Usayizi omncane we-P-Si TFT awufaneleki nje kuphela ekubonisweni okunobukhulu obuphezulu kanye nesisombululo esiphezulu, kodwa futhi nezifunda ezingaphandle zingahlanganiswa ku-substrate.
Sekukonke, i-LCD ifanelekela izibonisi ezincane, ezilula, ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ezisebenzisa amandla aphansi, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi kagesi afana namakhompyutha e-notebook kanye namafoni eselula. Ama-LCD angu-30 intshi kanye nama-40 intshi athuthukiswe ngempumelelo, futhi amanye asetshenziswe. Ngemva kokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-LCD, izindleko ziyancipha njalo. Isikrini se-LCD esingu-15 intshi siyatholakala ngo-$500. Isiqondiso sayo sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ukufaka esikhundleni sesikrini se-cathode se-PC bese sisisebenzisa ku-LCD TV.
Isibonisi se-Plasma
Isibonisi se-plasma ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa obukhipha ukukhanya obusetshenziswa ngesimiso sokukhishwa kwegesi (njengomoya). Izibonisi ze-plasma zinezinzuzo zamashubhu emisebe ye-cathode, kodwa zenziwe ezakhiweni ezincane kakhulu. Usayizi womkhiqizo ojwayelekile ungama-intshi angu-40-42. Imikhiqizo engama-intshi angu-50 angu-60 isathuthukiswa.
ukukhanya kwe-vacuum
Isibonisi se-vacuum fluorescent siyisibonisi esisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni yomsindo/yevidiyo kanye nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya. Siyidivayisi yesibonisi se-vacuum yohlobo lwe-triode electron tube ehlanganisa i-cathode, igridi kanye ne-anode epayipini le-vacuum. Ukuthi ama-electron akhishwa yi-cathode asheshiswa yi-voltage enhle esetshenziswa kugridi kanye ne-anode, futhi avuselele i-phosphor eboshwe ku-anode ukuze ikhiphe ukukhanya. Igridi isebenzisa isakhiwo se-honeycomb.
ukukhanya kwe-electroluminescence)
Izibonisi ze-electroluminescent zenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-solid-state thin-film. Isendlalelo sokuvikela sibekwa phakathi kwamapuleti amabili okuhambisa bese kufakwa isendlalelo esincane se-electroluminescent. Idivayisi isebenzisa amapuleti ambozwe yi-zinc noma i-strontium ane-spectrum ebanzi yokukhipha njengezingxenye ze-electroluminescent. Isendlalelo sayo se-electroluminescent sinobukhulu obungama-microns ayi-100 futhi singafinyelela umphumela ofanayo wokubonisa ocacile njengesibonisi se-organic light emitting diode (OLED). I-voltage yayo evamile yokushayela ingu-10KHz, i-voltage engu-200V AC, edinga i-driver IC ebiza kakhulu. I-microdisplay enesinqumo esiphezulu esebenzisa uhlelo lokushayela lwe-array esebenzayo ithuthukiswe ngempumelelo.
iholele
Izibonisi ze-diode ezikhipha ukukhanya ziqukethe inani elikhulu lama-diode akhipha ukukhanya, angaba monochromatic noma anemibala eminingi. Ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asebenza kahle kakhulu aseyatholakala, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza izibonisi ze-LED zesikrini esikhulu ezinemibala egcwele. Izibonisi ze-LED zinezici zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, futhi zifanele izibonisi zesikrini esikhulu ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, azikho izibonisi eziphakathi nendawo zama-monitor noma ama-PDA (amakhompyutha aphathwayo) angenziwa ngalobu buchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, isekethe ehlanganisiwe ye-LED monolithic ingasetshenziswa njengesibonisi esibonakalayo se-monochromatic.
I-MEMS
Lesi isibonisi esincane esakhiwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-MEMS. Ezibonisweni ezinjalo, izakhiwo zemishini ezincane kakhulu zenziwa ngokucubungula ama-semiconductor nezinye izinto kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-semiconductor. Kudivayisi ye-micromirror yedijithali, isakhiwo siyi-micromirror esekelwa yi-hinge. Ama-hinge ayo aqhutshwa ngamashaja kumapuleti axhunywe kwenye yamaseli ememori angezansi. Usayizi we-micromirror ngayinye cishe ububanzi bezinwele zomuntu. Le divayisi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojektha ezentengiselwano aphathwayo kanye namaphrojektha emidlalo yaseshashalazini yasekhaya.
ukukhishwa kwensimu
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokubonisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ensimini sifana nesethubhu ye-cathode ray, okungukuthi, ama-electron akhangwa yipuleti bese enziwa ukuthi ashayisane ne-phosphor eboshwe ku-anode ukuze kukhishwe ukukhanya. I-cathode yayo yakhiwe yimithombo eminingi emincane yama-electron ehlelwe ku-array, okungukuthi, ngesimo se-array ye-pixel eyodwa ne-cathode eyodwa. Njengezibonisi ze-plasma, izibonisi zokukhishwa kwegesi ensimini zidinga ama-voltage aphezulu ukuze zisebenze, kusukela ku-200V kuya ku-6000V. Kodwa kuze kube manje, ayikakabi yi-flat panel display ejwayelekile ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza zemishini yayo yokukhiqiza.
ukukhanya kwemvelo
Esibonisweni se-diode esikhipha ukukhanya okungokwemvelo (i-OLED), ugesi udlula engxenyeni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yepulasitiki ukuze kukhiqizwe ukukhanya okufana nama-diode akhipha ukukhanya okungaphili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okudingekayo kudivayisi ye-OLED yi-stack yefilimu eqinile engaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, izinto eziphilayo zizwela kakhulu emhwamukweni wamanzi kanye nomoya-mpilo, ngakho-ke ukuvala kubalulekile. Ama-OLED angamadivayisi akhipha ukukhanya asebenzayo futhi abonisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zokukhanya kanye nezici zokusebenzisa amandla aphansi. Anamandla amakhulu okukhiqizwa ngobuningi enqubweni yokugoqa nge-roll kuma-substrate aguquguqukayo futhi ngenxa yalokho ashibhile kakhulu ukuwenza. Ubuchwepheshe bunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, kusukela ekukhanyeni okulula kwendawo enkulu oku-monochromatic kuya ekubonisweni kwehluzo zevidiyo ezinemibala egcwele.
Uyinki we-elekthronikhi
Izibonisi ze-E-inki ziyizibonisi ezilawulwa ngokufaka insimu kagesi ezintweni ezigobekayo. Ziqukethe inani elikhulu lama-sphere acwebezelayo avaliwe amancane, ngalinye lingaba ama-microns ayi-100 ububanzi, liqukethe izinto ezimnyama ezidaywe ngoketshezi kanye nezinhlayiya eziyizinkulungwane ze-titanium dioxide emhlophe. Uma insimu kagesi isetshenziswa ezintweni ezigobekayo, izinhlayiya ze-titanium dioxide zizothuthela kwelinye lama-electrode kuye ngesimo sazo sokushaja. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-pixel ikhiphe ukukhanya noma cha. Ngenxa yokuthi izinto zigobekayo, zigcina ulwazi izinyanga eziningi. Njengoba isimo sazo sokusebenza silawulwa yinsimu kagesi, okuqukethwe kwazo kokubonisa kungashintshwa ngamandla amancane kakhulu.
isitholi sesibani somlilo
I-Flame Photometric Detector FPD (I-Flame Photometric Detector, i-FPD ngamafuphi)
1. Isimiso se-FPD
Isimiso se-FPD sisekelwe ekushisweni kwesampula elangeni eligcwele i-hydrogen, ukuze ama-compound aqukethe i-sulfur ne-phosphorus ancishiswe yi-hydrogen ngemva kokushiswa, futhi kukhiqizwe izimo ezijabulisayo ze-S2* (isimo esijabulisayo se-S2) kanye ne-HPO* (isimo esijabulisayo se-HPO). Izinto ezimbili ezijabulisayo zikhipha ama-spectra azungeze ama-400nm nama-550nm lapho zibuyela esimweni somhlabathi. Ukuqina kwale spectrum kulinganiswa nge-photomultiplier tube, futhi ukuqina kokukhanya kuhambisana nesilinganiso sokugeleza kwesisindo sesampula. I-FPD iyi-detector ezwela kakhulu futhi ekhethayo, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlaziyweni kwama-compounds e-sulfur ne-phosphorus.
2. Isakhiwo se-FPD
I-FPD iyisakhiwo esihlanganisa i-FID ne-photometer. Yaqala njenge-single-flame FPD. Ngemva kuka-1978, ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha e-single-flame FPD, kwasungulwa i-dual-flame FPD. Inamalangabi amabili ahlukene e-air-hydrogen, ilangabi eliphansi liguqula ama-molecule esampula abe imikhiqizo yokushisa equkethe ama-molecule alula njenge-S2 ne-HPO; ilangabi eliphezulu likhiqiza izingcezu zesimo esivuselelwe esikhanyayo njenge-S2* ne-HPO*, kukhona ifasitela eliqondiswe elangeni eliphezulu, futhi amandla e-chemiluminescence atholakala ngepayipi le-photomultiplier. Ifasitela lenziwe ngengilazi eqinile, kanti umlomo womlilo wenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali.
3. Ukusebenza kwe-FPD
I-FPD iyisitholi esikhethiwe sokunquma amakhemikhali e-sulfur ne-phosphorus. Ilangabi layo liyilangabi elicebile nge-hydrogen, futhi ukunikezwa komoya kwanele ukusabela ku-70% we-hydrogen, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lomlilo liphansi ukukhiqiza i-sulfur evuselelwe ne-phosphorus. Izingcezu ze-compound. Izinga lokugeleza kwegesi ethwalayo, i-hydrogen nomoya linethonya elikhulu ku-FPD, ngakho-ke ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwegesi kufanele kube okuzinzile kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa lomlilo lokunquma amakhemikhali aqukethe i-sulfur kufanele libe cishe ku-390 °C, okungakhiqiza i-S2 evuselelwe*; ukuze kutholakale amakhemikhali aqukethe i-phosphorus, isilinganiso se-hydrogen ne-oxygen kufanele sibe phakathi kuka-2 no-5, kanti isilinganiso se-hydrogen-to-oxygen kufanele sishintshwe ngokuya ngamasampula ahlukene. Igesi ethwalayo kanye negesi yokwenza kufanele futhi kulungiswe kahle ukuze kutholakale isilinganiso esihle sesignali-kuya-kumsindo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-18-2022