Kumakhasimende omhlaba wonke afuna izingxenye zesisekelo se-granite ezinembayo ephezulu, ukuqonda ukuhamba komsebenzi wokucubungula ochwepheshe kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zesicelo. Njengomkhiqizi ochwepheshe wezingxenye ze-granite mechanical (ZHHIMG), sinamathela ezindinganisweni zokucubungula eziqinile kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza zesayensi ukuze sinikeze amakhasimende imikhiqizo yesisekelo se-granite enokwethenjelwa, enembayo ephezulu. Ngezansi kunesingeniso esiningiliziwe senqubo yokucubungula nokuhlanganisa izingxenye zesisekelo se-granite, kanye nezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe.
1. Umbandela Wokucubungula: Ukuthembela Emidwebweni Yomklamo
Ukucutshungulwa kwezingxenye zesisekelo se-granite kuwumsebenzi owenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu futhi oqondiswe ngokunemba, oncike ngokuphelele emidwebweni yomklamo enemininingwane yekhasimende. Ngokungafani nezingxenye ezilula ezingakhiqizwa ngamapharamitha ayisisekelo njengesikhala semigodi kanye nesimo, izingxenye zesisekelo se-granite zihilela izidingo zesakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi (njengokuma okuphelele, inombolo, indawo, kanye nosayizi wemigodi, kanye nokunemba okufana neminye imishini). Ngaphandle komdwebo womklamo ophelele, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana phakathi komkhiqizo wokugcina kanye nezidingo zangempela zohlelo lokusebenza lwekhasimende, futhi ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kokufakwa noma ukusetshenziswa ngendlela evamile kwengxenye. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhiqiza, kumele siqinisekise umdwebo womklamo ophelele nekhasimende ukuze sibeke isisekelo esiqinile sokucubungula okulandelayo.
2. Ukukhethwa Kwezinhlayiya Zegranite: Ngokusekelwe Ezidingweni Zebanga Lokunemba
Ikhwalithi yama-granite slabs inquma ngqo ukuqina okunembile kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo kwengxenye yokugcina yesisekelo. Sikhetha ama-slabs ngokuqinile ngokwezinga lokunembile lesisekelo se-granite, siqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zomzimba (njengobulukhuni, ubuningi, ukuqina kokushisa, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka) kwezinto ezibonakalayo ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele.
- Ngezisekelo ze-granite ezinezidingo eziqinile zokunemba (ezingaphezu kwebanga lika-00): Sisebenzisa i-granite “kaJinan Qing” esezingeni eliphezulu. Lolu hlobo lwe-granite lunezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuminyana okuphezulu (≥2.8g/cm³), ukumuncwa kwamanzi okuphansi (≤0.1%), kanye nokuqina kokushisa okuqinile (i-coefficient encane yokukhulisa ukushisa). Ingagcina ukuthamba okuphezulu nokuqina kokunemba ngisho nasezindaweni zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza kube yinto efanelekile yezingxenye zemishini ezinembile kakhulu.
- Ngezingxenye ze-granite mechanical noma amapuleti epulatifomu anebanga lokucacisa lebanga elingu-0: Sikhetha i-granite ethi “Zhangqiu Hei”. Lolu hlobo lwe-granite lukhiqizwa eZhangqiu, eShandong, futhi izakhiwo zalo zomzimba (njengobulukhuni, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokufana kwesakhiwo) zisondele kakhulu ku-“Jinan Qing”. Ayihlangabezani nje kuphela nezidingo zokucacisa zemikhiqizo yebanga elingu-0 kodwa futhi inesilinganiso sezindleko nokusebenza okuphezulu, esinganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokuthenga zamakhasimende ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.
3. Inqubo Yokucubungula Nokugoqa: Ukulandela Ngokuqinile Izinqubo Zesayensi
Ukucutshungulwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye zesisekelo se-granite kuhilela izixhumanisi eziningi, ngasinye esidinga ukulawulwa okuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba komkhiqizo wokugcina. Inqubo ethile imi kanje:
3.1 Ukusika Okungaqondile Nokugaya Okungaqondile: Ukubeka Isisekelo Sokunemba
Ngemva kokukhetha i-granite slab efanele, siqala sisebenzisa imishini yobungcweti (njenge-forklifts noma ama-crane) ukuthutha i-slab iye emshinini wokusika amatshe ukuze kusikwe ukuma okuphelele. Inqubo yokusika isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo obunembile kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphutha lobukhulu be-slab lilawulwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuncane. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-slab esikiwe idluliselwa emshinini wokugaya we-CNC ukuze isikwe ngokurhabaxa. Ngenqubo yokugaya ngokurhabaxa, ubuso be-slab buqala bulinganiswe, futhi ukuthamba kwengxenye kungafinyelela ngaphakathi kuka-0.002mm ngemitha yesikwele ngemva kwalesi sixhumanisi. Lesi sinyathelo sibeka isisekelo esihle sokugaya okushelelayo okulandelayo futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi ukucubungula okulandelayo kungenziwa kahle.
3.2 Ukubekwa Okungaguquki Emsebenzini Wokushisa Okungaguquki: Khipha Ukucindezeleka Kwangaphakathi
Ngemva kokugaya okuqinile, ingxenye yegranite ayikwazi ukudluliselwa ngqo enkambisweni yokugaya okuqinile. Kunalokho, idinga ukufakwa endaweni yokusebenzela yokushisa engaguquki usuku olulodwa. Isizathu salokhu kusebenza ukuthi ngesikhathi senqubo yokusika okuqinile kanye nokugaya okuqinile, i-granite slab izothinteka amandla omshini kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, okuholela ekucindezelekeni kwangaphakathi. Uma ingxenye ibhekene ngqo nokugaya okuqinile ngaphandle kokukhulula ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuzokhishwa kancane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okulandelayo komkhiqizo, okungabangela ukuguqulwa kwengxenye futhi kulimaze ukunemba. Indawo yokusebenzela yokushisa engaguquki (ububanzi bokulawula izinga lokushisa: 20±2℃, ububanzi bokulawula umswakama: 45±5%) ingahlinzeka ngendawo ezinzile yokukhululwa kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwengxenye kukhishwa ngokugcwele kanye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo kwengxenye kuyathuthukiswa.
3.3 Ukulepha Ngesandla: Ukuthuthukiswa Kancane Kancane Kokunemba Komphezulu
Ngemva kokuba ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi sekukhululiwe ngokugcwele, ingxenye yegranite ingena esigabeni sokugoqa ngesandla, okuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa ukunemba kobuso kanye nokuba yisicaba kwengxenye. Inqubo yokugoqa isebenzisa indlela yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezincazelo zesihlabathi sokugoqa zisetshenziswa ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zokunemba:
- Okokuqala, ukugoqa isihlabathi esiqinile: Sebenzisa isihlabathi esiqinile esiqinile (njenge-200#-400#) ukuze ulinganisele ubuso bengxenye futhi ususe amaphutha obuso ashiywe ukugaywa okunzima.
- Bese, ukufaka isihlabathi esincane: Faka isihlabathi esincane esinamabala amancane (njenge-800#-1200#) esikhundleni saso ukuze upholishe ubuso bengxenye, unciphise ukujiya kobuso futhi uthuthukise ukuqeda kobuso.
- Okokugcina, ukugoqa ngokunemba: Sebenzisa isihlabathi sokugoqa esinohlamvu oluncane kakhulu (njenge-2000#-5000#) ukuze kucutshungulwe ngokunemba. Ngalesi sinyathelo, ukuthamba komphezulu kanye nokunemba kwengxenye kungafinyelela izinga lokunemba elisethwe kusengaphambili (njengebanga le-00 noma ibanga le-0).
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka i-lapping, umqhubi kumele alawule ngokuqinile amandla okufaka i-lapping, isivinini, kanye nesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukufana komphumela wokufaka i-lapping. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isihlabathi sokufaka i-lapping kumele sishintshwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwesihlabathi sokufaka i-lapping isikhathi eside ngeke nje kwehluleke ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kodwa futhi kungabangela imihuzuko ebusweni bengxenye.
3.4 Ukuhlolwa Kokuthamba: Ukuqinisekisa Ukufaneleka Okunembile
Ngemva kokuqedwa kokugoqa okuncane, sisebenzisa izinga le-elekthronikhi elinokunemba okuphezulu ukuhlola ukugoqa kwengxenye yesisekelo se-granite. Inqubo yokuhlola isebenzisa indlela evamile yokugoqa: izinga le-elekthronikhi libekwa ebusweni bengxenye, bese idatha iqoshwa ngokugoqa ngendlela esethiwe (njengeziqondiso ezivundlile, eziqondile, neziqondile). Idatha eqoshiwe iyahlaziywa futhi iqhathaniswe nezinga lokunemba. Uma ukugoqa kuhlangabezana nezinga, ingxenye ingangena enkambisweni elandelayo (ukubhoboza nokusetha kokufaka); uma ingahlangabezani nezinga, kuyadingeka ukubuyela esigabeni sokugoqa okuncane ukuze kucutshungulwe kabusha kuze kube yilapho ukunemba kufaneleka. Izinga le-elekthronikhi esilisebenzisayo linokunemba kokulinganisa okufika ku-0.001mm/m, okungabona ngokunembile ukugoqa kwengxenye futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba zekhasimende.
3.5 Ukubhoboza Nokuhlela Ukufaka: Ukulawula Okuqinile Kokunemba Kwesikhundla Semigodi
Ukubhoboza kanye nokusetha i-insert kuyizixhumanisi zokugcina ezibalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwezingxenye zesisekelo se-granite, futhi ukunemba kwendawo yembobo kanye nekhwalithi yokusetha i-insert kuthinta ngqo ukufakwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwengxenye.
- Inqubo yokubhoboza: Sisebenzisa imishini yokubhoboza elawula izinombolo ngokunemba okuphezulu ukuze sibhoboze. Ngaphambi kokubhoboza, indawo yomgodi ibekwa ngokunembile ngokomdwebo womklamo, futhi imingcele yokubhoboza (njengejubane lokubhoboza kanye nesilinganiso sokudla) isethwa ngokobunzima be-granite. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhoboza, sisebenzisa amanzi okupholisa ukupholisa i-drill bit kanye nengxenye ukuvimbela i-drill bit ukuthi ingashisi kakhulu futhi yonakalise ingxenye, kanye nokunciphisa ukuvela kwemifantu ezungeze umgodi.
- Inqubo yokufaka: Ngemva kokubhoboza, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza nokulinganisa ingaphakathi lembobo kuqala (susa udoti nama-burrs emgodini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udonga lwembobo lubushelelezi). Ngemuva kwalokho, i-insert yensimbi (ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngensimbi enamandla noma insimbi engagqwali) ifakwa emgodini. Ukulingana phakathi kwe-insert nembobo kumele kube qinile, futhi ingxenye ephezulu ye-insert kumele ihambisane nobuso bengxenye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-insert ingathwala umthwalo futhi igweme ukuthinta ukufakwa kweminye imishini.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inqubo yokubhoboza izingxenye zesisekelo se-granite inezidingo eziphezulu zokunemba. Ngisho nephutha elincane (njengokuphambuka kwesikhundla sembobo esingu-0.1mm) kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwengxenye ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile, futhi ingxenye eyonakele ingasuswa kuphela, futhi kudingeka kukhethwe i-granite slab entsha ukuze icutshungulwe kabusha. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi senqubo yokubhoboza, sesimise izixhumanisi eziningi zokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwendawo yembobo.
4. Kungani Kufanele Ukhethe i-ZHHIMG Yokucubungula Ingxenye Yesisekelo Se-Granite?
- Ithimba Lobuchwepheshe Lochwepheshe: Sineqembu lonjiniyela nochwepheshe abanolwazi abajwayelene nezakhiwo zezinto ezahlukahlukene ze-granite kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula izingxenye ezinembile, futhi banganikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe bochwepheshe kanye nezixazululo ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende.
- Imishini Yokucubungula Ethuthukisiwe: Sihlonyiswe ngesethi ephelele yemishini yokucubungula ethuthukisiwe, okuhlanganisa imishini yokusika ye-CNC, imishini yokugaya ye-CNC, amazinga aphezulu kagesi, kanye nemishini yokubhoboza ye-CNC, engaqinisekisa ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula.
- Uhlelo Lokulawula Ikhwalithi Oluqinile: Kusukela ekukhetheni ama-slab kuya ekuhlolweni kokugcina komkhiqizo, sesisungule uhlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi oluqinile, futhi isixhumanisi ngasinye siqondiswa ngumuntu ozinikele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngamunye ihlangabezana nezindinganiso.
- Isevisi Eyenziwe Ngokwezifiso: Singahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokucubungula ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngemidwebo yokuklama yekhasimende kanye nezidingo zokunemba, futhi silungise inqubo yokucubungula ngendlela eguquguqukayo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zamakhasimende.
Uma unesidingo sezingxenye zesisekelo se-granite futhi udinga umenzi ochwepheshe ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokucubungula, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi. Sizokunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe lomkhiqizo, izixazululo zobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinsizakalo zekhotheshini, futhi sisebenze nawe ukudala izingxenye zemishini ze-granite ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezinembile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-24-2025