Esigabeni sokukhiqiza okunembayo, i-granite, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele ezinikezwe izinguquko ze-geological phakathi namakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, ishintshile isuka etsheni lemvelo elingenakulinganiswa yaba "isikhali esinembayo" semboni yesimanje. Kulezi zinsuku, izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kokwenziwa kwe-granite ngokunemba zikhula njalo, futhi idlala indima engenakushintshwa ezimbonini ezibalulekile ezihlukahlukene ngokusebenza kwayo okuvelele.
I. I-Semiconductor Manufacturing: Ukwakha "Inqaba Eqinile" ye-Chip Precision
Embonini ye-semiconductor, ukunemba kokukhiqiza ama-chips sekufinyelele ezingeni le-nanometer, futhi izidingo zokuzinza nokunemba kwemishini yokukhiqiza ziqine kakhulu. Imikhiqizo ekhiqizwe ngokunembile kusuka kugwadle isiphenduke izingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor. "Njengenhliziyo" yokukhiqiza ama-chip, umshini we-lithography unezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zokuzinza kweplathifomu yawo yokumisa isikali se-nano esisekelweni. I-Granite ine-coefficient ephansi kakhulu yokunwetshwa kokushisa, cishe 4.61×10⁻⁶/℃, engamelana ngempumelelo nokuguquguquka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa lendawo phakathi nenqubo ye-photolithography. Ngisho noma izinga lokushisa endaweni yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza lishintsha ngo-1℃, ukuwohloka kwesisekelo se-granite akunakwa, kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-laser yomshini we-photolithography ingagxiliswa ngokunembile ukuze iqophe amaphethini esekethe amahle ku-wafer.
Esigabeni sokuhlolwa kwe-wafer, imojula yereferensi eyenziwe nge-granite nayo ibalulekile. Ngisho nokukhubazeka okuncane endaweni eyisicwecwana kungaholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kwe-chip. Kodwa-ke, imojuli yereferensi ye-granite, nokuthambeka kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu nokuzinza, inikeza inkomba enembile yezinto zokusebenza zokuhlola. Inkundla yegwadle ekhiqizwe ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-nano-grinding obunama-axis amahlanu ingafinyelela ukucaba okungu-≤1μm/㎡, inike amandla ithuluzi lokuthola ukuthi lithwebule ngokunembile ukukhubazeka kwamaminithi endaweni eyi-wafer nokuqinisekisa ukuvela kwama-chip.
Ii. I-Aerospace: "Uzakwethu Othembekile" wezindiza eziphelezelwayo
Inkundla ye-aerospace inezidingo eziqine kakhulu zokuthembeka nokunemba kwemishini. Imikhiqizo yokukhiqiza ukunemba kwe-granite idlale indima enkulu kumabhentshi okuhlola ukuzulazula okungenakunyakaziswa kwesathelayithi kanye nokulungiswa kwengxenye yomkhumbi-mkhathi wokuhlola. Amasathelayithi asebenza emkhathini futhi adinga ukuncika kumasistimu wokuzulazula angenzi lutho anembayo ukuze anqume indawo yawo nesimo sengqondo. Ibhentshi lokuhlola lokuzulazula elingenakunyakaziswa elenziwe ngegwadle, ngobulukhuni bayo obuphakeme namandla, lingakwazi ukumelana nokuhlolwa okuqinile ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zemishini. Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlola elingisa izinga lokushisa elidlulele kanye nokudlidliza okukhulu emkhathini, ibhentshi lokuhlola i-granite lahlala lizinzile kulo lonke, linikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokulinganisa okunembile kwesistimu yokuzulazula ye-inertial.
Izakhiwo zokuhlola i-granite nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlolweni kwezingxenye zemikhumbi-mkhathi. Ukunemba kobukhulu bezingxenye zemikhumbi-mkhathi kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza okuphelele nokuphepha komkhumbi-mkhathi. Ukunemba okuphezulu nokuzinza kwesakhiwo sokuhlola i-granite kungaqinisekisa ukutholwa okunembile kosayizi nokuma kwezingxenye. Isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi esiminyene kanye nezinto ezifanayo kuvimbela amaphutha okubona abangelwa ukuwohloka kwethuluzi ngokwalo, okuqinisekisa ukwethulwa kahle nokusebenza ngokuphephile komkhumbi-mkhathi.
Iii. Ucwaningo Lwezokwelapha: "Itshe Lekhona Elizinzile" le-Precision Medicine
Emkhakheni wocwaningo lwezokwelapha, imishini emikhulu yezokwelapha efana ne-CT ne-MRI inezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuzinza kwesisekelo. Lapho iziguli zihlolwa, ngisho nokudlidliza okuncane kwemishini kungase kuthinte ukucaca nokunemba kwezithombe. Isisekelo semishini eyenziwe kahle ngegwadle, nokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokumuncwa kokudlidliza, kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kokudlidliza okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa. Ukungqubuzana okubuthakathaka phakathi kwezinhlayiya zamaminerali ngaphakathi kusebenza njengesibambisi sokushaqeka semvelo, ukuguqula amandla okudlidliza akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa abe amandla okushisa futhi awalahle, ngaleyo ndlela agcine okokusebenza kuzinzile ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Emkhakheni wokutholwa kwebhayoloji, isigaba segwadle sihlinzeka ngokusekela okuzinzile kokutholwa kwamasampuli okuhlola. Ukutholwa kwamasampuli ebhayoloji kuvame ukudinga ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwamathuluzi anemba okuphezulu, futhi izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zibekwa ekucaba nokuzinza kwesiteji. Indawo enembayo ephezulu yesiteji se-granite ingaqinisekisa ukuthi isampula ihlala isesimweni esinqunyiwe phakathi nenqubo yokutholwa, igwema ukuphambuka emiphumeleni yokutholwa okubangelwa ukungalingani noma ukuzamazama kwesiteji, ukuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwedatha okuthembekile kocwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nokuxilongwa kwezifo.
Iv. Ukukhiqiza Okuhlakaniphile: "Isikhali Esiyimfihlo" Sokuthuthukisa Ukunemba Kwezinto Ezizenzakalelayo
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile, amarobhothi ezimboni kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ezizenzakalelayo zinezidingo ezikhuphukayo zokunemba. Isisekelo sokulinganisa esikhiqizwe ngokunembile kusuka kugwadle sesibe ukhiye wokulinganiswa kokunemba kwamarobhothi ezimboni. Ngemuva kokusebenza isikhathi eside, ukunemba kokumiswa kwengalo eyimishini yamarobhothi ezimboni kuzochezuka, kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Isisekelo sokulinganiswa kwegwadle, ngokunemba kwayo okuphezulu kakhulu nokuzinza, sinikeza ireferensi enembile yokulinganiswa kwamarobhothi. Ngokuqhathanisa nesisekelo sokulinganiswa kwe-granite, ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukubona ngokushesha iphutha lokunemba irobhothi futhi benze izinguquko ezinembile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi irobhothi lingakwazi ukuqedela imisebenzi yokukhiqiza enembayo ngokohlelo olusethiwe.
Kuhlelo lokuhlola oluzenzakalelayo, izingxenye ze-granite nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Imishini yokuhlola ezenzakalelayo idinga ukwenza ukuhlola okusheshayo nokunembile emikhiqizweni, okudinga ukuthi zonke izingxenye zemishini zibe nokuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu. Ukwengezwa kwezingxenye ze-granite kuthuthukise ngempumelelo ukusebenza kukonke kwesistimu yokuhlola ezenzakalelayo, okuyenza igcine uzinzo ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, ihlonze ngokunembile ukukhubazeka namaphutha omkhiqizo, futhi ithuthukise izinga lokulawula ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo.
Kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwe-chip ye-semiconductor emincane kuya endaweni enkulukazi yasemkhathini, bese kuya ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha oluhlobene nempilo yabantu kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhaliphile okukhulayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-granite ngokunemba kukhanya ngokugqamile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ngokukhanga kwakho okuyingqayizivele nokusebenza okuvelele. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kokwenziwa kwe-granite ngokunemba zizoqhubeka nokukhula, kube negalelo elikhulu ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yezokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-19-2025