Ezweni lokukhiqiza ngokunemba, lapho ukunemba kwezinga le-nanometer kungenza noma kuphule umkhiqizo, ukuthamba kwamapulatifomu okuhlola kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokulinganisa okuthembekile. Kwa-ZHHIMG, sichithe amashumi eminyaka siphelelisa ubuciko nesayensi yokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ze-granite, sihlanganisa ubuciko bendabuko nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze sinikeze izindawo ezisebenza njengereferensi ephelele yezimboni ezisukela ekukhiqizeni kwe-semiconductor kuya kubunjiniyela bezindiza. Indlela yokwehluka kwama-engeli, itshe lesisekelo lenqubo yethu yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, imelela isiqongo salokhu kuphishekela—ukuhlanganisa ukunemba kwezibalo nobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthamba ngezindlela eziphonsela inselelo imingcele yobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa.
Isayensi Engemuva Kokuqinisekiswa Kokucwala
Amapulatifomu okuhlola i-granite, avame ukubizwa ngephutha ngokuthi amapulatifomu “e-marble” ku-jargon yezimboni, aklanywe ngama-granite deposits akhethiwe akhethwe ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo esiyingqayizivele sekristalu kanye nokuqina kokushisa. Ngokungafani nezindawo zensimbi ezingabonisa ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki ngaphansi kokucindezeleka, i-granite yethu emnyama ye-ZHHIMG®—enobuningi obungaba ngu-3100 kg/m³—igcina ubuqotho bayo ngisho nasezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima. Le nzuzo yemvelo yakha isisekelo sokunemba kwethu, kodwa ukunemba kwangempela kudinga ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile ngezindlela ezifana nendlela yokwehluka kwe-engeli.
Indlela yokwehluka kwama-engeli isebenza ngesimiso esilula nesikhohlisayo: ngokulinganisa ama-engeli okuthambekela phakathi kwamaphuzu aseduze ebusweni, singakha kabusha ngokwezibalo i-topography yayo ngokunemba okungavamile. Ochwepheshe bethu baqala ngokubeka ipuleti lebhuloho elinembile elihlonyiswe ngama-inclinometer abucayi ebusweni be-granite. Behamba ngokuhlelekile ngamaphethini anjengezinkanyezi noma ama-grid, baqopha ukuphambuka kwe-angular ngezikhathi ezichazwe kusengaphambili, bakha imephu eningiliziwe yama-undulations e-Microscopic yesikhulumi. Lezi zilinganiso ze-angular zibe seziguqulwa zibe ukuphambuka okuqondile kusetshenziswa izibalo ze-trigonometric, zembula ukuhlukahluka kobuso okuvame ukuwela ngaphansi kobude bokukhanya okubonakalayo.
Okwenza le ndlela ibe namandla kakhulu yikhono layo lokusingatha amapulatifomu amakhulu—amanye adlula amamitha angu-20 ubude—ngokunemba okuqhubekayo. Nakuba izindawo ezincane zingase zithembele kumathuluzi okulinganisa aqondile njenge-laser interferometers, indlela yokwehluka kwama-engeli iphumelela kakhulu ekubambeni ukugoba okuncane okungenzeka ezakhiweni ze-granite ezinde. “Sake sathola ukuphambuka okungu-0.002mm epulatifomu elingamamitha angu-4 okwakungabonwa ngezindlela ezivamile,” kukhumbula uWang Jian, isazi sethu esikhulu se-metro esineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 yesipiliyoni. “Lelo zinga lokunemba libalulekile uma wakha imishini yokuhlola ye-semiconductor elinganisa izici ze-nanoscale.”
Indlela yokwehluka kwama-engeli iyindlela ye-autocollimator, esebenzisa ukuqondanisa okubonakalayo ukuze kufezwe imiphumela efanayo. Ngokubonisa ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe okucijile okufakwe ebhulohweni elihambayo, ochwepheshe bethu bangathola izinguquko ze-engeli ezincane njengemizuzwana engu-0.1 ye-arc—okulingana nokulinganisa ububanzi bezinwele zomuntu eziqhele ngamakhilomitha ama-2. Le ndlela yokuqinisekisa okubili iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ipulatifomu ye-ZHHIMG ihlangabezana noma idlula amazinga omhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa i-DIN 876 kanye ne-ASME B89.3.7, okunikeza amakhasimende ethu ukuzethemba kokusebenzisa izindawo zethu njengereferensi yokugcina ezinqubweni zabo zokulawula ikhwalithi.
Ukunemba Kokwenza: Kusukela Emgodini kuya Ku-Quantum
Uhambo oluvela ebhulokini le-granite eluhlaza luye epulatifomu yokuhlola eqinisekisiwe luwubufakazi bokushada kokuphelela kwemvelo kanye nobuhlakani bomuntu. Inqubo yethu iqala ngokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, lapho izazi ze-geology zikhetha khona amabhulokhi avela ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokumba eSifundazweni saseShandong, ezidumile ngokukhiqiza i-granite ngokufana okungavamile. Ibhulokhi ngalinye lihlolwa nge-ultrasonic ukuze kutholakale ukuqhekeka okufihliwe, futhi yilabo kuphela abanemifantu emincane engaphansi kwezintathu nge-cubic meter abaqhubeka nokukhiqiza—okuyizindinganiso ezijwayelekile ezidlula kakhulu izindinganiso zemboni.
Esakhiweni sethu esisezingeni eliphezulu eduze kwaseJinan, lawa mabhulokhi aguqulwa ngokulandelana kokukhiqiza okulawulwa ngokucophelela. Imishini yokulawula izinombolo zekhompyutha (CNC) iqala ngokusika i-granite ibe ngaphakathi kuka-0.5mm kobukhulu bokugcina, isebenzisa amathuluzi aneziqongo zedayimane okumele ashintshwe njalo emahoreni angu-8 ukuze kugcinwe ukunemba kokusika. Lokhu kwakheka kokuqala kwenzeka emakamelweni azinzile okushisa lapho izimo zezulu zigcinwa zingaguquguquki ku-20°C ± 0.5°C, okuvimbela ukwanda kokushisa ukuthi kungathinti izilinganiso.
Ubuciko bangempela buvela ezigabeni zokugcina zokugaya, lapho ochwepheshe bezandla besebenzisa amasu adluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Besebenza nge-iron oxide abrasives elenga emanzini, laba basebenzi bezandla bachitha amahora angafika kwangu-120 beqeda ngesandla imitha ngayinye yesikwele sobuso, besebenzisa umuzwa wabo wokuthinta oqeqeshiwe ukuthola ukuphambuka okuncane njenge-2 microns. “Kufana nokuzama ukuzwa umehluko phakathi kwamaphepha amabili ahlanganiswe ndawonye uma kuqhathaniswa namathathu,” kuchaza uLiu Wei, umshini wokugaya wesizukulwane sesithathu osize ekukhiqizeni amapulatifomu e-Jet Propulsion Laboratory ye-NASA. “Ngemva kweminyaka engama-25, iminwe yakho ithuthukisa inkumbulo yokuphelela.”
Le nqubo yesandla ayiyona nje yendabuko—ibalulekile ekufezeni ukuqeda kwezinga le-nanometer okudingwa amakhasimende ethu. Ngisho noma kunemishini yokugaya ye-CNC ethuthukisiwe, ukungahleleki kwesakhiwo sekristalu se-granite kudala iziqongo ezincane nezigodi okungaba lula ngazo kuphela umuzwa womuntu. Izingcweti zethu zisebenza ngababili, zishintshana phakathi kokugaya nokulinganisa izikhathi zisebenzisa i-German Mahr Imitha yemizuzu eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi (isisombululo esingu-0.5μm) kanye namazinga kagesi e-Swiss WYLER, okuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ndawo edlula ukubekezelela kwethu okuqinile kokuthamba okungu-3μm/m kumapulatifomu ajwayelekile kanye no-1μm/m ngamamaki okunemba.
Ngale Komphezulu: Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo Nokuphila Isikhathi Eside
Ipulatifomu ye-granite enembile ithembeke kuphela njengendawo esebenza kuyo. Siqaphela lokhu, sithuthukise lokho esikholelwa ukuthi kungenye yezindawo zokusebenzela ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu zokushisa nomswakama eziqhubekayo embonini (izindawo zokusebenzela ezilawulwa amazinga okushisa nomswakama), ezithatha indawo engaphezu kuka-10,000 m² esikhungweni sethu esiyinhloko. Lawa makamelo anezitezi zekhonkrithi eziqinile ezingamamitha angu-1 ubukhulu ezihlukaniswe ngomsele ophikisana nokuzamazama komhlaba ongu-500mm ububanzi (imisele edambisa ukudlidliza) futhi asebenzisa ama-crane athule angaphezulu anciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo—izici ezibalulekile lapho kulinganiswa ukuphambuka okuncane kunegciwane.
Imingcele yemvelo lapha ayiyona into engavamile: ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kunqunyelwe ku-±0.1°C ngamahora angu-24, umswakama ugcinwe ku-50% ± 2%, kanye nokubalwa kwezinhlayiya zomoya ezigcinwa ezindinganisweni ze-ISO 5 (ezingaphansi kwezinhlayiya ezingu-3,520 ezingu-0.5μm noma ezinkulu ngemitha eyi-cubic). Izimo ezinjalo aziqinisekisi nje kuphela izilinganiso ezinembile ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kodwa futhi zilingisa izindawo ezilawulwayo lapho amapulatifomu ethu azosetshenziswa khona ekugcineni. “Sihlola yonke ipulatifomu ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kunalokho amakhasimende amaningi azoke ahlangane nakho,” kuphawula uZhang Li, uchwepheshe wethu wobunjiniyela bezemvelo. “Uma ipulatifomu igcina ukuzinza lapha, izosebenza noma kuphi emhlabeni.”
Lokhu kuzibophezela ekulawuleni imvelo kudlulela ezinqubweni zethu zokupakisha nokuthumela. Ipulatifomu ngayinye igoqwe nge-foam padding engu-1cm ubukhulu futhi iboshwe ngamabhokisi enziwe ngokhuni afakwe izinto zokudambisa ukudlidliza, bese ithuthwa ngezinkampani ezikhethekile ezihlonyiswe ngezinhlelo zokumiswa kokugibela emoyeni. Siqapha ngisho nokushaqeka kanye nokushisa ngesikhathi sokuthutha sisebenzisa izinzwa ze-IoT, sinikeza amakhasimende umlando ophelele wemvelo womkhiqizo wawo ngaphambi kokuba usuke esikhungweni sethu.
Umphumela wale ndlela ecophelelayo umkhiqizo onempilo yesevisi evelele. Ngenkathi isilinganiso semboni sibonisa ukuthi ipulatifomu yegranite ingadinga ukulungiswa kabusha ngemva kweminyaka emi-5-7, amakhasimende ethu ngokuvamile abika ukusebenza okuzinzile iminyaka eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside akuveli nje ekuzinzeni okungokwemvelo kwegranite kodwa futhi nasezinqubweni zethu zokuqeda ukucindezeleka, ezihilela ukuguga ngokwemvelo amabhlogo aluhlaza okungenani izinyanga ezingama-24 ngaphambi komshini wokugaya. “Sasinomthengi obuyisele ipulatifomu ukuze ihlolwe ngemva kweminyaka eyi-12,” kukhumbula umphathi wokulawula ikhwalithi uChen Tao. “Ukuthamba kwayo kwase kushintshe ngo-0.8μm kuphela—ngaphakathi kwencazelo yethu yokuqala yokubekezelelana. Yilowo umehluko we-ZHHIMG.”
Ukubeka Izinga: Izitifiketi Nokuqashelwa Komhlaba Wonke
Embonini lapho izimangalo zokunemba zivame khona, ukuqinisekiswa okuzimele kukhuluma lukhulu. I-ZHHIMG iyaziqhenya ngokuba ngumkhiqizi kuphela emkhakheni wethu ophethe izitifiketi ze-ISO 9001, ISO 45001, kanye ne-ISO 14001 ngasikhathi sinye, umehluko obonisa ukuzibophezela kwethu ekhwalithini, ukuphepha emsebenzini, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wemvelo. Imishini yethu yokulinganisa, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi ze-German Mahr kanye ne-Japanese Mitutoyo, ihlolwa minyaka yonke yi-Shandong Provincial Institute of Metrology, ngokulandelela amazinga kazwelonke agcinwa ngokuhlolwa okuvamile.
Lezi zitifiketi zivule iminyango yokubambisana nezinye zezinhlangano ezifuna kakhulu emhlabeni. Kusukela ekuhlinzekeni izisekelo ze-granite zemishini ye-lithography ye-semiconductor ye-Samsung kuya ekuhlinzekeni izindawo zokubhekisela ze-Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) yaseJalimane, izingxenye zethu zidlala indima ethule kodwa ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bomhlaba wonke. “Lapho i-Apple isithinta ukuze ithole amapulatifomu anembile ukuze ihlole izingxenye zayo ze-AR headset, yayingafuni nje umhlinzeki—yayifuna umlingani owayengaqonda izinselelo zayo zokulinganisa ezihlukile,” kusho umqondisi wezokuthengisa wamazwe ngamazwe uMichael Zhang. “Ikhono lethu lokwenza ngokwezifiso ipulatifomu ebonakalayo kanye nenqubo yokuqinisekisa lenze umehluko omkhulu.”
Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqashelwa yizikhungo zemfundo eziphambili ocwaningweni lwe-metrology. Ukubambisana ne-Singapore National University kanye ne-Stockholm University yaseSweden kusisize sathuthukisa indlela yethu yokwehluka kwama-angle, kuyilapho amaphrojekthi ahlangene ne-Zhejiang University yaseShayina eqhubeka nokucindezela imingcele yalokho okulinganiselwe. Lokhu kubambisana kuqinisekisa ukuthi amasu ethu ayathuthuka kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha, kusukela ekubenila kwe-quantum kuya ekukhiqizweni kwamabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo.
Njengoba sibheke esikhathini esizayo, izimiso ezisekela indlela yokwehluka kwama-engeli zisasebenza njengakuqala. Enkathini yokwanda kokuzenzakalela, sithole ukuthi izilinganiso ezithembeke kakhulu zisavela ekuhlanganisweni kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe babantu. Ama-grinder ethu angochwepheshe, anekhono lawo "lokuzwa" ama-micron okuphambuka, asebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlaziya idatha ezisebenzisa i-AI ezicubungula izinkulungwane zamaphuzu okulinganisa ngemizuzwana. Lokhu kubambisana—okudala nokusha, komuntu nomshini—kuchaza indlela yethu yokunemba.
Kwabanjiniyela kanye nochwepheshe bekhwalithi abanomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemikhiqizo yabo, ukukhetha ipulatifomu yokuhlola kuyisisekelo. Akukhona nje ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko kodwa mayelana nokusungula indawo yokubhekisela abangayethemba ngokungaqondile. Kwa-ZHHIMG, asakhi nje amapulatifomu e-granite—sakha ukuzethemba. Futhi ezweni lapho isilinganiso esincane kakhulu singaba nomthelela omkhulu, lokho kuzethemba kuyikho konke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-03-2025