Izingxenye zegranite zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni zanamuhla kanye ne-metrology yelabhorethri. Njengezindawo eziyisisekelo zokubhekisela, zisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ngokunembile, ukuvumelanisa, ukuhlanganisa umshini, kanye nokuhlola ikhwalithi. Ukuqina kwazo, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nezakhiwo ezingezona ezikagesi kwenza igranite esezingeni eliphezulu ibe yinto efanelekile yezinsimbi, izisekelo zomshini, kanye namathuluzi okunemba. Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwesikhathi eside, izakhiwo zegranite kumele zifakwe kahle futhi zivuselelwe njalo lapho kwenzeka ukuguguleka, ukuklwebheka, noma umonakalo ngengozi. Ukuqonda inqubo yokulungisa kusiza ukwandisa impilo yesevisi nokugcina ukuthembeka kwemishini ebalulekile.
Ukufakwa okufanele kuyisisekelo sokunemba kwengxenye yegranite. Ngesikhathi sokusetha, ochwepheshe bavame ukusebenzisa amazinga kagesi noma ozimele ukuze bavumelanise indawo yokusebenza. Amabhawodi asekelayo esitendini segranite ayalungiswa ukuze kufezwe ukuzinza okuvundlile, kuyilapho isitendi ngokwaso sivame ukushintshwa kusuka kumapayipi aqinisiwe ayisikwele ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ngemva kokuba ipulatifomu iphakanyiswe ngokucophelela futhi ibekwe esitendini, izinyawo zokulinganisa ngaphansi kozimele ziyalungiswa kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inhlangano ihlala izinzile futhi ingenakunyakaza. Noma yikuphi ukungazinzi kulesi sigaba kuzothinta ngqo ukusebenza kokulinganisa.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho ne-granite yezinga eliphezulu ingabonisa ukuguguleka okuncane noma ukulahlekelwa yi-flat ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kakhulu, ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo okungafanele, noma imiphumela yemvelo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukulungiswa kobungcweti kubalulekile ukuze kubuyiselwe ingxenye ezingeni layo lokunemba lokuqala. Inqubo yokulungisa ilandela ukulandelana kwezinyathelo zokulungisa ezilawulwayo kanye nokubopha ngesandla. Isigaba sokuqala ukugaya okuqinile, okususa ukuguquguquka kwendawo futhi kumise kabusha ukujiya okufanayo kanye ne-flat yokuqala. Lesi sinyathelo silungiselela itshe imisebenzi enembile kakhulu.
Uma ubuso sebulungisiwe ngokugaya okuqinile, ochwepheshe baqala ukugaya okulinganiselwe ukuze basuse imihuzuko ejulile futhi bathuthukise i-geometry. Lesi sigaba sibalulekile ekufinyeleleni isisekelo esiqinile nesizinzile ngaphambi kokungena ezigabeni zokugcina zokunemba-ezibucayi. Ngemva kokugaya okulinganiselwe, i-granite ihlanganiswa ngesandla kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile kanye ne-abrasives encane kakhulu. Izingcweti ezinekhono—eziningi ezinolwazi lwamashumi eminyaka—zenza lo msebenzi ngesandla, kancane kancane ziletha ubuso ekuqondeni okudingekile. Ezisetshenzisweni zokunemba okuphezulu, inqubo ingaphindwa izikhathi eziningi ukuze kufinyelelwe ukuthamba kwe-micrometer noma ngisho ne-sub-micrometer.
Uma ukunemba okudingekayo kokulinganisa sekufinyelelwe, ubuso be-granite buyapholishwa. Ukupholishwa kuthuthukisa ukushelela kobuso, kunciphisa amanani okugoba, kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka, futhi kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside. Ekupheleni kwenqubo, ingxenye iyahlanzwa ngokucophelela, ihlolwe, futhi ihlolwe ngokwezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke. Indawo ye-granite efanelekile kumele ingabi namaphutha njengemigodi, imifantu, ukugqwala, imihuzuko, noma noma yikuphi ukungapheleli okungathinta ukusebenza. Yonke ingxenye eqediwe ihlolwa nge-metrological ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nebanga elifunekayo.
Ngaphezu kokuvuselelwa, izinto ze-granite ngokwazo zihlolwa ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokungena ekukhiqizweni. Izinqubo zokuhlola zivame ukufaka ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuguguleka, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kobukhulu, ukulinganiswa kobunzima nobuningi, kanye nokuhlaziywa kokumuncwa kwamanzi. Amasampula ayapholishwa, asikwe ngobukhulu obujwayelekile, futhi ahlolwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Ayalinganiswa ngaphambi nangemva kwemijikelezo yokuhlubuka, acwiliswe emanzini ukuze kulinganiswe ukugcwala, bese omiswa ezindaweni zokushisa okungaguquki noma ze-vacuum kuye ngokuthi itshe liyi-granite yemvelo noma itshe lokwenziwa. Lezi zivivinyo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zihlangabezana nezidingo zokuqina nokuqina ezilindelwe kubunjiniyela bokunemba.
Izingxenye ze-granite, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisetshenziswa kuma-lab e-metrology noma emishinini yezimboni ethuthukile, zihlala zibalulekile emikhakheni edinga izindawo zokubhekisela ezizinzile. Ngokufakwa okufanele, ukuhlolwa njalo, nokuvuselelwa kobungcweti, amapulatifomu nezakhiwo ze-granite zingagcina ukunemba kwazo iminyaka eminingi. Izinzuzo zazo ezingokwemvelo—ukuzinza kobukhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside—kuzenza zibe amathuluzi abalulekile ekukhiqizeni ngokunemba, ocwaningweni lwesayensi, kanye nasezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-20-2025