Ekwenziweni okunembayo okuphezulu kanye ne-metrology, i-granite slab isisekelo esingenakuphikiswa—inkomba yephoyinti elinguziro yokulinganisa kobukhulu. Ikhono layo lokubamba indiza ecishe iphelele akulona nje isici semvelo, kodwa umphumela wenqubo yokubunjwa elawulwa ngokucophelela, elandelwa ukunakekelwa okuneziyalo, okujwayelekile. Kodwa yiluphi uhambo oluqinisekile oluthathwa yi-granite ukuze kufinyelele ukuphelela okunjalo, futhi yiziphi izimiso ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe? Konjiniyela nabaphathi bekhwalithi, ukuqonda kokubili i-genesis yalokhu kunemba kanye nezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokukulonda kubalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza.
Ingxenye 1: Inqubo Yokubumba—I-Engineering Flatness
Uhambo lwe-granite slab, ukusuka kubhulokhi eyisikwe emangelengele ukuya epuleti lezinga lereferensi, lubandakanya uchungechunge lwezigaba zokugaya, ukuqinisa, kanye nokuqeda, ngasinye esiklanyelwe ukunciphisa kancane kancane iphutha le-dimensional.
Ekuqaleni, ngemva kokusika, i-slab ingaphansi kwe-Rough Shaping and Grinding. Lesi sigaba sisusa inani elikhulu lezinto ukuze kusungulwe cishe i-geometry yokugcina kanye nokucaba okumaholoholo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, le nqubo iphinde ikhulule ukucindezelwa kwensalela kwemvelo okugcwala etsheni ngesikhathi sokumba inkwali nokusikwa kokuqala. Ngokuvumela i-slab ukuthi "ihlale" futhi izinze kabusha ngemva kwesinyathelo ngasinye esikhulu sokususa izinto, sigwema ukukhukhuleka kwe-dimensional esikhathini esizayo, siqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside.
Ushintsho lwangempela lwenzeka phakathi ne-The Art of Precision Lapping. I-Lapping inqubo yokugcina, ekhethekile kakhulu ecwenga indawo eyisicaba ibe indiza eyinkomba eqinisekisiwe. Lokhu akukhona ukugaya ngomshini; kuwukusebenza okucophelelayo, okunesivinini esiphansi, nokucindezela okukhulu. Sisebenzisa izinto ezixutshwe kahle, ezixegayo ezixegayo—ngokuvamile i-diamond slurry—elenga endaweni enguketshezi, esetshenziswa phakathi kwendawo yegwadle kanye nepuleti lensimbi eliqinile eliqinile. Ukunyakaza kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukususwa kwezinto ezifanayo endaweni yonke. Lo mphumela omaphakathi, ophindaphindwayo ngesandla nangokomshini ezinyathelweni eziphindaphindayo, kancane kancane ucwengisa ukucaba kube ngaphakathi kwama-microns noma ngisho nama-sub-microns (uhlangabezana namazinga aqinile afana ne-ASME B89.3.7 noma ISO 8512). Ukunemba okufinyelelwe lapha kuncane mayelana nomshini futhi okwengeziwe mayelana nekhono lomsebenzisi, esilibuka njengomsebenzi wezandla obalulekile, ongenakubuyiselwa.
Ingxenye 2: Ukunakekela—Isihluthulelo Sokunemba Okuqhubekayo
I-granite surface plate iyithuluzi elinembayo, hhayi ibhentshi lokusebenza. Uma isiqinisekisiwe, amandla ayo okugcina ukunemba ancike ngokuphelele kumaphrothokholi omsebenzisi nendawo.
Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo kuyisici esisodwa esikhulu esithinta ukunemba kwegwadle. Nakuba i-granite ine-coefficient ephansi yokunwetshwa kokushisa (COE), umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwezindawo ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi (i-gradient yokushisa eqondile) ingabangela lonke i-slab ukuba i-dome noma i-wap. Ngakho-ke, ipuleti kufanele ligcinwe kude nelanga eliqondile, imidwebo ye-air conditioning, nemithombo yokushisa ngokweqile. Indawo ekahle igcina u-68°F ± 1°F ozinzile (20℃ ± 0.5℃).
Mayelana neProthokholi Yokusetshenziswa Nokuhlanza, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwendawo kubangela ukuguga okungalingani. Ukuze ulwe nalokhu, seluleka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuzungezisa i-slab endaweni yayo bese sisabalalisa umsebenzi wokulinganisa kuyo yonke indawo. Ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kuyisibopho. Uthuli nemfucumfucu ecolekile kusebenza njengama-abrasive, asheshisa ukuguga. Kufanele kusetshenziswe izihlanzi ezikhethekile ze-granite kuphela, noma i-high-purity isopropyl alcohol. Ungalokothi usebenzise izinto zokuhlanza zasendlini noma izihlanzi ezisekelwe emanzini ezingashiya izinsalela ezinamathelayo noma, esimweni samanzi, zigodole okwesikhashana futhi zihlanekezele indawo engaphezulu. Uma ipuleti lingenzi lutho, kufanele limbozwe ngesembozo esihlanzekile, esithambile, esingaqhumi.
Okokugcina, mayelana Nokulinganisa Kabusha Nokuvuselela, ngisho nangokunakekelwa okuphelele, ukugqokwa akunakugwenywa. Kuye ngebanga lokusetshenziswa (isb., IBanga AA, A, noma B) kanye nomthwalo womsebenzi, ipuleti le-granite elingaphezulu kufanele lilinganiswe kabusha ngokusemthethweni njalo ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 kuye kwezingu-36. Uchwepheshe ogunyaziwe usebenzisa amathuluzi afana nama-autocollimator noma ama-laser interferometers ukuze enze imephu yokuchezuka. Uma ipuleti liwela ngaphandle kwebanga lalo lokubekezelela, i-ZHHIMG inikeza izinsiza zokuhlenga kabusha zochwepheshe. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukubuyisela i-lap enemba kusayithi noma endaweni yethu ukuze ubuyisele ngokucophelela ukucaba okuqinisekisiwe okuqinisekisiwe, ukusetha kabusha ngempumelelo impilo yethuluzi.
Ngokuqonda inqubo yokubumba izinto eziphakeme nokuzibophezela kushejuli yokulungisa eqinile, abasebenzisi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi amapuleti abo angaphezulu kwegwadle ahlala eyisisekelo esithembekile sazo zonke izidingo zabo zekhwalithi enembile, ishumi leminyaka ngemva kweshumi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-24-2025