Ukuphishekela ukunemba kuyisici esichazayo embonini yesimanje yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kusukela enkambisweni yokuqopha ekwakhiweni kwe-semiconductor kuya ekunyakazeni kwe-multi-axis kwemishini ye-CNC enesivinini esikhulu, isidingo esiyisisekelo ukuzinza okuphelele nokunemba okulinganiswa ngama-nanometer. Lesi sidingo esingapheli sokubekezelelana okucolekile senze izinto eziningi zendabuko zanele, onjiniyela abaholayo kanye nochwepheshe be-metro babuyela esixazululweni esibonakala sidala: i-granite. Leli dwala eliqinile, elenziwe ngokwemvelo, uma likhethwa futhi licutshungulwa amaqembu akhethekile njenge-ZHONGHUI (ZHHIMG®), lakha isisekelo esibucayi, esithule lapho isizukulwane esilandelayo semishini yezimboni sisebenza khona.
Umhlaba we-metrology, ngokwencazelo, kumele usungule indiza yokubhekisela yokuzinza okungenaphutha. Lapho imishini idinga ukuthola iphuzu ngokunemba kwe-sub-micron, imvelo kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kwemizuzu okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kokushisa, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, noma ukudlidliza kwemvelo kungasakaza amaphutha awonakalisa umjikelezo wokukhiqiza obizayo. Yilapho isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-granite emnyama ekhethekile inqoba khona insimbi noma insimbi ephonswe.
Okubalulekile Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Kungani I-Granite Iphumelela Kakhulu Ku-Metal
Izisekelo zamathuluzi omshini zesimanje zazakhiwe ngensimbi noma ngensimbi ephonswe ngensimbi. Nakuba lezi zinsimbi zinikeza ukuqina okuphezulu, zihlushwa yizinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu ekusetshenzisweni okunembe kakhulu: amandla aphansi okudambisa kanye nama-coefficients aphezulu okwanda kokushisa (i-CTE). Isisekelo sensimbi sizokhala njengensimbi uma sishukunyiswa amandla angaphandle, sigcina ukushukuma okuphazamisa ngokushesha izinqubo zokulinganisa noma zomshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zokushisa zibangela ukwanda okukhulu noma ukufinyela, okuphambukisa isisekelo futhi kulahle wonke umshini ekulinganisweni.
I-Granite, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezikhethekile nezinobukhulu obuphezulu ezisetshenziswa abaholi bemboni, iguqula lesi sibalo. Ukwakheka kwayo ngokwemvelo kuyi-isotropic, okusho ukuthi izakhiwo zayo ziyafana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi i-CTE yayo iphansi kakhulu kuneyezinsimbi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-granite inamandla aphezulu okunciphisa umswakama wezinto ezibonakalayo—imunca futhi ichithe ukudlidliza komshini ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzinza kokushisa nokudlidliza kwenza kube yiyona kuphela i-substrate ethembekile ngempela yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kakhulu, njenge-Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) kanye nemishini yokuhlola i-wafer ethuthukisiwe.
Isibonelo, i-granite emnyama eyingqayizivele ye-ZHHIMG inesisindo esifinyelela ku-3100 kg/m³. Lokhu kuqina okuphezulu okuphawulekayo akunakuxoxiswana ngakho; kuhlobene ngqo nokuncipha kwe-porosity kanye nokumelana okukhulu kokumuncwa komswakama, okuqinisa kakhulu ingxenye ngokumelene nezinguquko zemvelo. Lokhu kusebenza okuphezulu ngokomzimba—ochwepheshe abaningi abakuthola kudlula ngisho nezinto ezifanayo ze-granite emnyama zaseYurophu naseMelika—ungqimba lokuqala lokwethenjwa olwakhelwe kuzo zonke izingxenye. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kule nqubo, njengokusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi noma ezinye izindlela zemabula ezishibhile, kwethula imikhawulo ebonakalayo esheshayo ebeka engcupheni ukunemba kwe-nanometer okudingwa yiklayenti. Ukuzibophezela ekusebenziseni izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinhle kakhulu kuphela kuyisilinganiso sokuziphatha nobuchwepheshe kule mboni.
Impi Yokulwa Nomsindo Wemvelo: Ipulatifomu yokuvikela ukudlidliza kwe-granite
Esikhungweni esinembile, isitha esikhulu kunazo zonke akusiwo umshini ngokwawo, kodwa umsindo wangemuva odidekile: izinyathelo zomqhubi, ukuduma kweloli elikude, noma isenzo esijikelezayo sezinhlelo ze-HVAC eziseduze. Lokhu kudlidliza kwemvelo okubonakala kungabalulekile kwanele ukufiphaza isithombe ngaphansi kwe-microscope yokukhulisa okuphezulu noma ukwethula ingxoxo ekusebenzeni kahle komshini. Yingakho ipulatifomu yokuvikela ukudlidliza kwe-granite ibaluleke kakhulu—isebenza njengesisekelo sokugcina sokuzinza phakathi kwezwe langaphandle eliguquguqukayo kanye nesistimu yokulinganisa ebucayi.
Lawa mapulatifomu awawona nje ama-granite slabs; ayizinhlelo eziklanywe ngokucophelela. Asebenzisa izakhiwo zokunciphisa umswakama ze-granite ezihambisana nezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ezithuthukisiwe zomoya noma ze-elastomeric. I-inertia enkulu enikezwa yi-granite enesisindo esikhulu ihlunga ngempumelelo ukudlidliza kwemvamisa ephezulu, kuyilapho uhlelo lokuhlukanisa olusebenzayo luphatha ukuphazamiseka kwemvamisa ephansi. Ubukhulu obukhulu kanye nokuqina kwengxenye ye-granite—ekhiqizwa yizikhungo ezikwazi ukuphatha izakhiwo ze-monolithic ezifika kumathani ayi-100—kuqinisekisa ukuthi imvamisa yemvelo yenhlangano yonke icindezelwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwemvamisa yokusebenza evamile yemishini ezungezile, okuholela endaweni 'ethule' lapho ukulinganisa kungenzeka khona ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokukhiqiza ngokwayo kuwubufakazi bokubaluleka kwepulatifomu. Izindawo zokukhiqiza ezikhethekile, njengalezo ezinakekelwa yi-ZHHIMG, zinamakamelo ahlanzekile alawulwa amazinga okushisa, ahlala enomswakama, avame ukuba ngu-10,000 m². Lezi zindawo zisebenzisa phansi kokhonkolo obukhulu kakhulu, obungadlidlizi, ngezinye izikhathi obungaphezu kuka-1000 mm ukujula, futhi zizungezwe imisele ejulile yokulwa nokudlidliza. Ngisho nama-crane aphezulu ngaphakathi kwala mahholo okuhlangana akhethelwe ukusebenza kwawo 'okuthula'. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali endaweni ezinzile kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezihloselwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi njengokuhlanganiswa kwe-semiconductor, lapho ukusebenza kwepulatifomu kunquma ngqo isivuno. Ifilosofi yobunjiniyela ilula kodwa ayiguquguquki: uma ungakwazi ukulinganisa indawo ngokunembile, awukwazi ukukhiqiza ipulatifomu ethembekile.
Ukuchaza Ukunemba: Indima Yababusi Begranite Abalinganisiwe
Ukuqina okunikezwa yipulatifomu eyisisekelo kumele kudluliselwe ezingxenyeni ezihambayo zomshini futhi, ekugcineni, kuqinisekiswe yizinsimbi ze-metrology. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa kuncike ezindinganisweni zokubhekisela ngokunemba ezingenakusolwa. Yilapho i-Granite square ruler enembile kakhulu i-Grade AA kanye ne-Granite Straight Ruler ekhethekile enezindawo ezine zokunemba eziba amathuluzi ayisisekelo.
Izinga le-AA lebanga
IIrula yesikwele segraniteIbanga le-AA liyisilinganiso esiphezulu sokunemba kwe-angular kanye nesikhundla kuma-CMM kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi omshini okuthuthukisiwe. Isiqu esithi 'Ibanga le-AA' ngokwaso siyindinganiso eyaziwayo emhlabeni wonke (evame ukuhambisana nezincazelo ezifana ne-DIN 875 noma i-ASME B89.3.7) esibonisa izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokubekezelelana kwejiyomethri. Ukufeza leli banga kudinga ukubekezelelana okulinganayo, okuqondile, kanye nokuqondile okulinganiswe ngezingxenyana ze-micron—amazinga angatholakala kuphela ngokuzinza kwezinto kanye nezinqubo zokuqeda ezikhathazayo kakhulu. Lapho umakhi womshini edinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-axis eqondile (i-Z-axis) iqondile ngokuphelele endizeni evundlile (indiza ye-XY), umbusi wesikwele webanga le-AA unikeza ireferensi engaguquki, elinganisiwe lapho ijiyomethri yomshini ikhiywe khona. Ngaphandle kwaleli thuluzi, ukunemba kwejiyomethri okuqinisekisiwe akunakwenzeka.
Ukuguquguquka Kwezinkomba Eziningi
I-Granite Straight Ruler enezindawo ezine zokunemba ingenye ithuluzi elibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekuhleleni izinhlelo zokuhamba eziqondile zokuhamba isikhathi eside, njengalezo ezitholakala emishinini yokubhoboza ye-PCB noma kuma-laser cutters amakhulu. Ngokungafani nama-laser cutters alula, ubuso obune bokunemba buvumela i-ruler ukuthi ingasetshenziswa hhayi nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukunemba ngobude bayo kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukufana kanye nokulingana phakathi kwezinto zomshini ngasikhathi sinye. Leli khono lezindawo eziningi libalulekile ekwenzeni ukulungelelaniswa okuphelele kwejometri lapho ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-axes amaningi kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Ukuqeda ukunemba kulezi zindawo, okufezwe ngamashumi eminyaka olwazi oluqoqwe kanye nokusebenza, kuvumela la mathuluzi ukuthi asebenze hhayi nje njengemishini yokuhlola kodwa futhi njengezinto zokuhlanganisa ngokwazo.
Igunya Elingaguquki Lobuciko kanye Nezindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke
Ungqimba lokugcina lwegunya nokunemba, oluvame ukunganakwa, luyisici somuntu esihlanganiswe nokunamathela ngokuqinile ezindinganisweni zomhlaba wonke. Uhambo oluvela ebhulokini elingavuthiwe le-quarry luye endaweni eyisicaba ye-nanometer lulawulwa yinqubo engokwesayensi neyobuciko.
Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili bayaqaphela ukuthi ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba eziqinile—kufaka phakathi i-DIN yaseJalimane (njenge-DIN 876, i-DIN 875), i-American GGGP-463C-78 kanye ne-ASME, i-Japanese JIS, kanye ne-British BS817—akuxoxiswana ngakho. Lokhu kufaneleka komhlaba wonke kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye eyenziwe e-Asia ingahlanganiswa kalula emshinini owakhelwe ngokwezidingo zaseYurophu noma ilinganiswe kusetshenziswa i-CMM elinganiswe yi-American.
Le nqubo isekelwe ubuhlakani bochwepheshe bokuqeda. Akukhona ukweqisa ukusho ukuthi izingxenye ze-granite ezicwengekile kakhulu zisaqedwa ngesandla. Ema-workshop akhethekile amaqembu azinikele ekuqondeni okunembile kakhulu, ochwepheshe bokugaya banolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Njengoba amakhasimende evame ukubachaza, "bahamba amazinga kagesi." Umqondo wabo wokuthinta ubavumela ukuthi balinganise ukususwa kwezinto ziye ezingeni le-single-micron noma ngisho ne-sub-micron ngokunyakaza okukodwa, okuqhutshwayo kwe-grinding lap - ikhono okungekho mshini we-CNC ongaliphinda. Lokhu kuzinikela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nalapho ukunemba okudingekayo komkhiqizo kungu-1 μm, ingcweti isebenza ekubekezeleleni okuvame ukufinyelela esikalini se-nanometer.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli khono lesandla liqinisekiswa yingqalasizinda ye-metrology ethuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa i-Mahr (kuze kufike ku-0.5 μm), amazinga kagesi aseSwitzerland WYLER, kanye nama-British Reinshaw Laser Interferometers. Yonke imishini yokuhlola kumele ilandelelwe ezikhungweni ze-metrology zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe, idale uchungechunge olungapheli lwegunya lokulinganisa. Le ndlela ephelele—izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izikhungo zezinga lomhlaba, ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zomhlaba ezahlukahlukene, kanye nobuciko babantu obuqinisekisiwe—yilokho ekugcineni okuhlukanisa abaholi beqiniso ku-precision granite.
Ikusasa Lizinzile
Izicelo zalezi zisekelo ezizinzile kakhulu ziyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha, zidlulela ngale kwe-CMM yendabuko ziye emikhakheni ekhula kakhulu: izisekelo zezinhlelo ze-laser ze-Femtosecond ne-Picosecond, amapulatifomu e-Linear Motor Stages, izisekelo zemishini emisha yokuhlola amabhethri wamandla, kanye namabhentshi okulinganisa abalulekile emishini yokumboza i-perovskite.
Imboni ilawulwa iqiniso elilula, elihlanganiswe ngokuphelele yifilosofi yabaholi bayo: “Ibhizinisi elinembile alikwazi ukuba nzima kakhulu.” Emncintiswaneni wokubekezelelana okuhle kakhulu, ukubambisana okuthembekile nomhlinzeki ozinikele ekuVulekeni, ekuQambeni, ekuBumbeni, naseBunyeni—futhi othembisa ukuthi akukho ukukopela, akukho ukufihla, akukho ukudukisa—kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu njengezingxenye ngokwazo. Ukuphila isikhathi eside negunya lezingxenye ezikhethekile zegranite kufakazela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi, izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zitholakala ezintweni eziyisisekelo kakhulu, zicutshungulwe futhi ziqinisekiswe ngezindinganiso zokuziphatha nezobuchwepheshe eziphakeme kakhulu ezidingwa umhlaba. Ukuzinza kwetshe kuhlala kuyiqiniso elingenakushintshashintsha ezweni eliguquguqukayo lokunemba okukhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-08-2025