Emkhakheni wemishini yokunemba kwezimboni, ukuzinza kwe-granite kuncike kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwayo kwamaminerali, ubuningi besakhiwo, kanye nezinkomba zokusebenza ngokomzimba (njenge-coefficient of thermal expansion, izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi, kanye namandla okucindezela), kunokuba kube nombala wayo uqobo. Kodwa-ke, umbala uvame ukukhombisa ngokungaqondile umehluko ekwakhekeni kwamaminerali kanye nendawo yokwakheka. Ngakho-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, i-granite yemibala ethile ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okubanzi okuphezulu. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziywa okuqondile:
I. Ubudlelwano Obungaqondile Phakathi Kombala Nokuzinza
Umbala we-granite unqunywa ukwakheka kwawo kwamaminerali, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kwamaminerali kuthinta ngqo izakhiwo zawo zomzimba:
I-granite enombala okhanyayo (njengomhlophe ompunga, opinki okhanyayo)
Ukwakheka kwamaminerali: Ngokuyinhloko i-quartz ne-feldspar (kubalwa kufika ku-60% kuya ku-80%), kanye nenani elincane le-mica noma i-amphibole.
I-Quartz (enobuningi obungu-2.65g/cm³) kanye ne-feldspar (enobukhulu obungu-2.5-2.8g/cm³) zinobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuqina okuqinile kwamakhemikhali, kanye ne-coefficient ephansi yokwanda kokushisa (ngokuvamile 5-8×10⁻⁶/℃), futhi azithinteki kalula yizinguquko zokushisa.
Izici zesakhiwo: Yakhiwe endaweni ezinzile ngokwejiyoloji (njengokupholisa kancane engxenyeni engajulile yoqweqwe loMhlaba), enezinhlayiya zekristalu ezifanayo, isakhiwo esiminyene, imigodi ephansi (0.3% - 0.7%), izinga eliphansi lokumuncwa kwamanzi (<0.15%), kanye nokumelana okunamandla nokuguquguquka.
Izicelo ezijwayelekile: Imishini yokukhiqiza ama-chip kagesi, izisekelo zezinsimbi ezibonakalayo ezinembile (njengezinkundla zomshini we-photolithography), ezidinga ukugcina ukunemba kobukhulu isikhathi eside.
I-granite emnyama (njengomnyama, oluhlaza okotshani)
Ukwakheka kwamaminerali: Kucebile ngamaminerali ensimbi kanye ne-magnesium (njenge-amphibole, i-biotite, i-pyroxene), futhi kuqukethe kancane amaminerali ensimbi esindayo njenge-magnetite kanye ne-ilmenite.
I-Amphibole (ubuningi obungu-3.0-3.4g/cm³) kanye ne-biotite (ubuningi obungu-2.7-3.1g/cm³) zinobukhulu obuphezulu, kodwa ama-coefficients azo okwandisa ukushisa aphezulu kancane kunalawo e-quartz (kufika ku-8-12×10⁻⁶/℃), futhi izakhiwo zazo zingase zishintshe kancane ngenxa yokushiswa kwamaminerali aqukethe insimbi.
Izici zesakhiwo: Yakhiwe kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu (njengokupholisa okusheshayo kwe-magma ejulile), enezinhlayiya ezicwebezelayo eziqinile kanye nomehluko omkhulu ekuxineni kwesakhiwo. I-granite emnyama ethile (njengeJinan Green) inesakhiwo esifanayo nesizinzile ngenxa yomsebenzi we-magmatic oqinile kanye nokukhululwa okuphelele kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.
Izicelo ezijwayelekile: Izisekelo zamathuluzi omshini onzima, imishini yokulinganisa emikhulu (i-CMM), edinga ukumelana nemithwalo ephezulu kanye nokumelana nokushayisana.
Ii. Izinkomba Eziyinhloko Zokuzinza Ezimweni Zezimboni
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbala unjani, izidingo eziyinhloko ze-granite emishinini yokunemba kwezimboni zifaka:
Ukuqina kokushisa
Nika kuqala ukukhetha izinhlobo ezine-coefficient ephansi yokwanda kokushisa (<8×10⁻⁶/℃) ukuze ugweme ukuphambuka kokunemba kwemishini okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. I-granite enombala okhanyayo (njenge-sesame white) inokuqina okungcono kokushisa ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-quartz.
Ukubumbana kwesakhiwo
I-Granite enezimbobo ezingaphansi kuka-0.5% kanye nesilinganiso sokumuncwa kwamanzi esingaphansi kuka-0.1% ayithambekele ekumunceni umswakama noma ukungcola futhi cishe ayinakuguguleka uma isetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Zombili i-Jinan Green e-granite emnyama (enezimbobo ezingaphansi kuka-0.3%) kanye ne-Shanxi Black e-granite ekhanyayo (enezimbobo ezingaphansi kuka-0.2%) zihlangabezana nezidingo zobuningi obukhulu.
Amandla omshini
Amandla okucindezela makhulu kune-150MPa kanti amandla okuguquguquka makhulu kune-12MPa, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwemishini yokuphatha ngokunemba. I-granite emnyama (njengomnyama waseNdiya) ivame ukuba namandla aphezulu okusebenza ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaminerali ensimbi ne-magnesium futhi ifanele izimo ezinzima.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali
I-Quartz ne-feldspar zinamandla okumelana nokugqwala kwe-asidi ne-alkali. Ngakho-ke, i-granite enombala okhanyayo (njenge-sesame grey) ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo embonini yamakhemikhali kanye ne-semiconductor.
Iii. Izinketho Ezijwayelekile Namacala Emkhakheni Wezimboni
I-granite enombala okhanyayo: Ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezimo ezinembile kakhulu
Izinhlobo ezimele:
I-Sesame White: Yenziwe eFujian, inombala ompunga okhanyayo, inokuqukethwe kwe-quartz okungaphezu kuka-70%. I-coefficient yayo yokwanda kokushisa ingu-6×10⁻⁶/℃. Isetshenziswa kumapulatifomu omshini we-semiconductor lithography kanye nemishini yokuhlola izindiza.
UJinan Green: Okumpunga okumnyama, isakhiwo esifanayo, amandla okucindezela angu-240MPa, okuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesisekelo semishini yokulinganisa ehlanganisiwe (CMM).
Izinzuzo: Ukufana okuhle kombala, okwenza kube lula ukulinganisa indlela yokukhanya kwemishini yokukhanya; Inokuguquguquka okuncane kokushisa futhi ifanele izidingo zokunemba kwezinga le-nanometer.
I-granite emnyama: Ikhethwa kakhulu ezimweni ezisindayo nezimelana nokushayisana
Izinhlobo ezimele:
I-Black Galaxy: Umbala omnyama, uqukethe i-ilmenite, enobukhulu obungu-3.05g/cm³ kanye namandla okucindezela angu-280MPa. Isetshenziselwa izinsimbi zokuqondisa amathuluzi omshini ezisindayo kanye nezinto zokukhiqiza izimoto.
Umnyama waseMongolia: Oluhlaza okotshani, ikakhulukazi i-amphibole, enokumelana okunamandla kokushaya, esetshenziselwa isisekelo semishini yokumba.
Izinzuzo: Ukuminyana okuphezulu, ukuqina okuqinile, okukwazi ukumunca ukudlidliza komshini, okufanelekela izindawo zezimboni ezithwala umthwalo omkhulu.
Isine. Isiphetho: Umbala awuyona into enqumayo; ukusebenza kuwumgogodla
Ukuqina kombala ≠: Kokubili i-granite enombala okhanyayo kanye nemnyama inezinhlobo ezizinzile kakhulu. Isihluthulelo sisebumsulwa be-mineral, ukufana kwesakhiwo, kanye nezinkomba zomzimba.
Isimiso sokuzivumelanisa nesimo sendawo:
Imishini yokukhanya/ye-elekthronikhi enembile: Khetha izinhlobo ezinombala okhanyayo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-quartz (njenge-sesame white), okugcizelela ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nokunemba kobuso.
Imishini esindayo/amathuluzi omshini wezimboni: Khetha izinhlobo ze-magnesium ore ezinombala omnyama, ezinensimbi ephezulu (njengeJinan blue), okugcizelela amandla omshini kanye nokumelana nokushayisana.
Isiphakamiso sokuthenga: Qinisekisa amapharamitha afana ne-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa, izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi, kanye namandla okucindezela ngemibiko yokuhlola (njenge-GB/T 18601-2020 "Natural Granite Building Slabs"), kunokwahlulela ngombala kuphela.
Ekuphetheni, emkhakheni wezimboni, ukukhethwa kwe-granite kubeka phambili ukusebenza futhi kuhambisana nombala. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe kuhlanganiswe nezidingo ezithile zemishini kanye nezindawo zokusetshenziswa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-19-2025