Emkhakheni wemishini enembayo yezimboni, ukuzinza kwegwadle ngokuyinhloko kuncike ekwakhekeni kwayo kwamaminerali, ukuminyana kwesakhiwo, nezinkomba zokusebenza komzimba (ezifana ne-coefficient yokwanda okushisayo, izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi, namandla acindezelayo), kunombala wayo ngokwawo. Kodwa-ke, umbala uvame ukukhombisa ngokungaqondile umehluko ekubunjweni kwamaminerali kanye nemvelo yokwakheka. Ngakho-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, i-granite yemibala ethile ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu okubanzi. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okuqondile:
I. Ukuhlangana Okungaqondile Phakathi Kombala Nokuzinza
Umbala we-granite unqunywa ukwakheka kwawo amaminerali, futhi ukwakheka kwamaminerali kuthinta ngqo izakhiwo zayo zomzimba:
I-granite enombala okhanyayo (njengomhlophe ompunga, opinki okhanyayo)
Ukwakheka kwamaminerali: Ikakhulukazi i-quartz ne-feldspar (ibalwa kuze kufike ku-60% kuya ku-80%), enenani elincane le-mica noma i-amphibole.
I-Quartz (enobukhulu obungu-2.65g/cm³) kanye ne-feldspar (enokuminyana okungu-2.5-2.8g/cm³) inokuqina okuphezulu, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali okuqinile, kanye ne-coefficient ephansi yokwandisa okushisayo (imvamisa engu-5-8×10⁻⁶/℃), futhi azithinteki kalula izinguquko.
Izici zesakhiwo: Zakhelwe endaweni ezinzile yokuma komhlaba (njengokupholisa kancane engxenyeni engashoni yoqweqwe loMhlaba), enezinhlayiya zekristalu ezifanayo, isakhiwo esiminyene, i-porosity ephansi (0.3% - 0.7%), izinga lokumunca amanzi eliphansi (<0.15%), kanye nokumelana okuqinile nokuguquka.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile: Imishini yokukhiqiza ama-chip e-elekthronikhi, izisekelo zamathuluzi abonakalayo anembayo (ezifana nezinkundla zomshini we-photolithography), ezidinga ukugcina ukunemba kobukhulu isikhathi eside.
I-granite emnyama (efana nomnyama, oluhlaza okotshani)
Ukwakheka kwamaminerali: Kucebile ngensimbi ne-magnesium amaminerali (njenge-amphibole, i-biotite, i-pyroxene), futhi ingxenye iqukethe amaminerali ensimbi esindayo njenge-magnetite ne-ilmenite.
I-Amphibole (ukuminyana okungu-3.0-3.4g/cm³) kanye ne-biotite (ukuminyana okungu-2.7-3.1g/cm³) kunokuminyana okuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ama-coefficients awo wokunweba okushisayo aphakeme kancane kunalawo e-quartz (kufika ku-8-12×10⁻⁶/⁶ ukushintshwa kokukhanya kwe-togo) amaminerali ane-iron.
Izici zesakhiwo: Ikakhulukazi yakheke endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nephezulu (njengokupholisa ngokushesha kwe-magma ejulile), enezinhlayiya zekristalu emahhadla nomehluko obalulekile wokuminyana kwesakhiwo. Enye i-granite emnyama (njengeJinan Green) inokwakheka okufanayo futhi ezinzile ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima we-magmatic kanye nokukhululwa okugcwele kwengcindezi yangaphakathi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile: Izisekelo zamathuluzi omshini osindayo, imishini yokulinganisa emikhulu yokudidiyela (CMM), edinga ukumelana nemithwalo ephezulu kanye nokumelana nomthelela.
Ii. Izinkomba Eziyinhloko Zokuzinza Ezimweni Zezimboni
Ngaphandle kombala, izidingo eziyinhloko ze-granite kumishini yokunemba yezimboni zifaka:
Ukuzinza okushisayo
Beka kuqala ekukhetheni izinhlobo ezine-coefficient ephansi yokunweba okushisayo (<8×10⁻⁶/℃) ukuze ugweme ukuchezuka kokunemba kwemishini okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. I-granite enombala okhanyayo (efana ne-sesame white) inokuzinza okungcono kwe-thermal ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-quartz.
Ukubumbana kwesakhiwo
I-Granite ene-porosity engaphansi kuka-0.5% kanye nezinga lokumunca amanzi elingaphansi kuka-0.1% alijwayele ukukhanga umswakama noma ukungcola futhi ngeke likwazi ukonakala uma lisetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Kokubili i-Jinan eluhlaza ku-granite emnyama (ene-porosity engu-0.3%) kanye ne-Shanxi Black ku-granite ekhanyayo (ene-porosity engu-0.2%) ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuminyana okuphezulu.
Amandla omshini
Amandla acindezelayo makhulu kuno-150MPa futhi amandla aguquguqukayo makhulu kune-12MPa, aqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kokuthwala imishini enembayo. I-granite emnyama (njenge-Indian black) ivamise ukuba namandla aphezulu emishini ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaminerali ensimbi ne-magnesium futhi ifanele izimo zomsebenzi osindayo.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali
I-Quartz ne-feldspar zinokumelana okuqinile ne-asidi nokugqwala kwe-alkali. Ngakho-ke, i-granite enombala okhanyayo (njengempunga yesesame) ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezonakalisayo ezimbonini zamakhemikhali kanye ne-semiconductor.
Iii. Izinketho Ezijwayelekile Namacala Embonini Yezimboni
I-granite enombala okhanyayo: Inketho ekhethwayo yezimo zokunemba okuphezulu
Izinhlobo ezimele:
I-Sesame White: Ikhiqizwe nge-Fujian, inombala ompunga ngokukhanyayo, nokuqukethwe kwe-quartz okungaphezu kuka-70%. I-coefficient yayo yokwandisa ukushisa ngu-6×10⁻⁶/℃. Isetshenziswa kumapulatifomu emishini ye-semiconductor lithography kanye nemishini yokuhlola i-aerospace.
IJinan Green: Okumpunga okumnyama, isakhiwo esifanayo, amandla acindezelayo angu-240MPa, evame ukusetshenziselwa isisekelo semishini yokulinganisa yokuhlanganisa (CMM).
Izinzuzo: Ukufana kombala okuhle, ukusiza ukulinganiswa kwendlela yokubona yemishini yokubona; Inokushintshashintsha kwe-thermal encane futhi ifanele izidingo zokunemba kwezinga le-nanometer.
I-granite emnyama: Incanyelwa ezimweni ezinzima futhi ezimelana nomthelela
Izinhlobo ezimele:
I-Black Galaxy: Emnyama ngombala, equkethe i-ilmenite, enobukhulu obungu-3.05g/cm³ namandla acindezelayo angu-280MPa. Isetshenziselwa ukuqondisa izinsimbi zomshini osindayo kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza izimoto.
Umnyama waseMongolia: Okuluhlaza okumnyama, ikakhulukazi i-amphibole, enokumelana nomthelela oqinile, esetshenziselwa isisekelo semishini yezimayini.
Izinzuzo: Ukuminyana okuphezulu, ukuqina okuqinile, okukwazi ukumunca ukudlidliza kwemishini, kulungele izindawo zezimboni ezinomthwalo omkhulu.
Ezine. Isiphetho: Umbala awuyona into enqumayo; ukusebenza kuwumongo
Umbala ≠ ukuzinza: Kokubili igwadule elinombala okhanyayo nelimnyama linezinhlobonhlobo ezime kakhulu. Isihluthulelo sisekuhlanzekeni kwamaminerali, ukufana kwesakhiwo, nezinkomba ezibonakalayo.
Umgomo wokuzijwayeza kwesigcawu:
Imishini yokubona enembile/ye-elekthronikhi: Khetha izinhlobo ezinombala okhanyayo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-quartz (okufana nokumhlophe kwesesame), okugcizelela ukuzinza kwe-thermal kanye nokunemba kwendawo.
Imishini enzima/amathuluzi omshini wezimboni: Khetha izinhlobo zensimbi ye-magnesium enombala omnyama, enensimbi ephezulu (njenge-Jinan eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), egcizelela amandla emishini kanye nokumelana nomthelela.
Isiphakamiso sokuthenga: Qinisekisa amapharamitha afana ne-coefficient yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal, izinga lokumunca amanzi, namandla acindezelayo ngemibiko yokuhlola (njenge-GB/T 18601-2020 "Ama-Natural Granite Building Slabs"), kunokwahlulela ngombala kuphela.
Ekuphetheni, emkhakheni wezimboni, ukukhethwa kwe-granite kubeka phambili ukusebenza futhi kulekelelwa ngombala. Ukuhlola okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe kuhlanganiswe nezidingo ezithile zemishini kanye nezindawo zokusetshenziswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-19-2025