Umbhede womshini usebenza njengengxenye eyinhloko yesisekelo sanoma yimuphi umshini womshini, futhi inqubo yawo yokuhlanganisa iyisinyathelo esibalulekile esinquma ukuqina kwesakhiwo, ukunemba kwejometri, kanye nokuzinza okuguquguqukayo kwesikhathi eside. Kunokuba kube umhlangano olula onamabholidi, ukwakha umbhede womshini onembile kuyinselele yobunjiniyela besistimu yezigaba eziningi. Isinyathelo ngasinye—kusukela ekubhekiseleni kokuqala kuya ekulungiseni kokugcina kokusebenza—sidinga ukulawulwa okusebenzisanayo kwezinguquko eziningi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umbhede ugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokusebenza eyinkimbinkimbi.
Isisekelo: Ukubhekisela Kokuqala Nokulinganisa
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa iqala ngokusungula indiza yokubhekisela ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa kusetshenziswa ipuleti lobuso le-granite elinembile kakhulu noma i-laser tracker njengesilinganiso somhlaba wonke. Isisekelo sombhede womshini siqala silinganiswe kusetshenziswa ama-wedge okulinganisa ukwesekwa (amabhulokhi e-chock). Amathuluzi okulinganisa akhethekile, njengamazinga kagesi, asetshenziselwa ukulungisa lezi zisekelo kuze kube yilapho iphutha lokufana phakathi kobuso bomzila wombhede kanye nendiza yokubhekisela lincishisiwe.
Kumabhedi amakhulu kakhulu, kusetshenziswa isu lokulinganisa ngezigaba: amaphuzu okusekela aphakathi ayaqiniswa kuqala, bese ukulinganisa kuqhubekela phambili kuya emaphethelweni. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuqondisa komzila wokuqondisa kusetshenziswa inkomba yokudayela kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukugoba phakathi noma ukugoba emaphethelweni ngenxa yesisindo sengxenye. Kunakekelwa futhi nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zama-wedge okusekela; insimbi ephonswe ivame ukukhethwa ngenxa ye-coefficient yayo yokwandisa ukushisa efanayo nombhede womshini, kuyilapho ama-composite pad esetshenziswa ngezakhiwo zawo zokunciphisa ukushisa ezinhlelweni ezizwela ukudlidliza. Ifilimu encane ye-anti-seize lubricant ekhethekile ezindaweni zokuthintana inciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokungqubuzana futhi ivimbele ukushelela okuncane ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqina kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuhlanganiswa Okunembile: Ukuhlanganisa Uhlelo Lwendlela Yokuqondisa
Uhlelo lwendlela yokuqondisa luyisici esiyinhloko esinomthwalo wokunyakaza okuqondile, futhi ukunemba kokuhlanganiswa kwalo kuhambisana ngqo nekhwalithi yomshini wokugaya. Ngemva kokulungiswa kokuqala ngezikhonkwane zokuthola, indlela yokuqondisa iyavalwa, futhi amandla angaphambi kokucindezela asetshenziswa ngokucophelela kusetshenziswa amapuleti okucindezela. Inqubo yangaphambi kokucindezela kumele inamathele esimisweni "esifanayo nesiqhubekayo": amabhawodi aqiniswa kancane kancane kusukela maphakathi nendlela yokuqondisa ngaphandle, kusetshenziswa i-torque engaphelele kuphela emzuliswaneni ngamunye kuze kube yilapho imininingwane yomklamo ihlangatshezwa. Le nqubo eqinile ivimbela ukugxilisa ukucindezeleka kwendawo okungase kubangele ukugoba komzila wokuqondisa.
Inselele ebalulekile ukulungisa indawo yokugijima phakathi kwamabhulokhi esilayida kanye nomzila wokuqondisa. Lokhu kufezwa ngendlela yokulinganisa i-feeler gauge ehlanganisiwe kanye nendlela yokulinganisa i-dial indicator. Ngokufaka ama-feeler gauge anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokulinganisa ukufuduka kwesilayida okubangelwayo nge-dial indicator, kukhiqizwa i-clearance-displacement curve. Lolu lwazi luqondisa ukulungiswa okuncane kwamaphini angavamile noma amabhulokhi e-wedge ohlangothini lwesilayida, ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwe-clearance. Kuma-bed anembe kakhulu, ifilimu yokugcoba nge-nano-lubrication ingasetshenziswa ebusweni bomzila wokuqondisa ukuze kwehliswe i-friction coefficient futhi kuthuthukiswe ubushelelezi bokunyakaza.
Ukuxhumeka Okuqinile: I-Spindle Headstock Embhedeni
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-spindle headstock, inhliziyo yokukhipha amandla, kanye nombhede womshini kudinga ibhalansi ecophelelayo yokudluliselwa komthwalo oqinile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokudlidliza. Ukuhlanzeka kwezindawo zokuhlangana kubaluleke kakhulu; izindawo zokuxhumana kumele zisulwe ngokucophelela nge-ejenti yokuhlanza ezinikele ukususa zonke izinto ezingcolisayo, kulandelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesendlalelo esincane samafutha e-silicone akhethekile okuhlaziya ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kokuxhumana.
Uchungechunge lokuqinisa amabhawodi lubalulekile. Kusetshenziswa iphethini elilinganayo, ngokuvamile “elinwebeka ngaphandle lisuka enkabeni,”. Amabhawodi esifundeni esiphakathi aqiniswa kusengaphambili kuqala, kanti uchungechunge lukhanya ngaphandle. Isikhathi sokukhulula ukucindezeleka kumele sibhekwe ngemva komjikelezo ngamunye wokuqinisa. Kwababophayo ababalulekile, i-ultrasonic bolt preload detector isetshenziswa ukuqapha amandla e-axial ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okufanayo kuwo wonke amabhawodi nokuvimbela ukukhululeka kwendawo okungabangela ukudlidliza okungafuneki.
Ngemva kokuxhumeka, kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-modal. I-exciter ibangela ukudlidliza kumafrikhwensi athile ekhanda, futhi ama-accelerometer aqoqa izimpawu zokuphendula kuwo wonke umbhede womshini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amafrikhwensi e-resonant esisekelo ahlukaniswe ngokwanele kusukela ebangeni lemvamisa yokusebenza kwesistimu. Uma kutholakala ingozi ye-resonance, ukunciphisa kuhilela ukufaka ama-damping shims esibonakalayo noma ukulayisha kahle i-bolt preload ukuze kulungiselelwe indlela yokudlulisela ukudlidliza.
Ukuqinisekiswa Kokugcina kanye Nokunxeshezelwa Kokunemba Kwejometri
Uma sekuhlanganisiwe, umbhede womshini kumele uhlolwe ngokuphelele ngejometri. I-interferometer ye-laser ilinganisa ukuqondile, isebenzisa izinhlangano zesibuko ukukhulisa ukuphambuka okuncane phezu kobude bomzila. Uhlelo lwezinga le-elekthronikhi ludweba ubuso, lusungula iphrofayili ye-3D kusuka kumaphuzu amaningi okulinganisa. I-autocollimator ihlola ukugoba ngokuhlaziya ukushintsha kwendawo yokukhanya eboniswa yi-prism enembile.
Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka okutholakale kungabekezeleli kudinga isinxephezelo esiqondile. Uma kwenzeka amaphutha okuqondile endaweni ethile emgwaqweni, ubuso be-wedge esekelayo bungalungiswa ngokuklwebha ngesandla. I-ejenti yonjiniyela ifakwa ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi ukungqubuzana okuvela kusilayida esinyakazayo kwembula iphethini yokuxhumana. Izindawo eziphakeme ziklwebha ngokucophelela ukuze kufezwe kancane kancane ukwakheka kwethiyori. Emibhedeni emikhulu lapho ukuklwebha kungenzeki khona, ubuchwepheshe bokunxephezela nge-hydraulic bungasetshenziswa. Ama-cylinder amancane e-hydraulic ahlanganiswe kuma-wedge asekelayo, okuvumela ukulungiswa okungonakalisi kobukhulu be-wedge ngokushintsha ingcindezi kawoyela, kufezwe ukunemba ngaphandle kokususwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuthunyelwa Okulayishiwe Nokulayishiwe
Izigaba zokugcina zihilela ukusebenza. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokulungisa amaphutha esingalayishiwe, umbhede usebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezilingisiwe kuyilapho ikhamera yokushisa ye-infrared iqapha izinga lokushisa lekhanda futhi ikhomba izindawo ezishisayo zendawo ukuze kube nokulungiswa kwesiteshi sokupholisa okungenzeka. Izinzwa ze-torque ziqapha ukuguquguquka kokuphuma kwemoto, okuvumela ukulungiswa kokuvuleka kweketanga lokushayela. Isigaba sokulungisa amaphutha esilayishiwe sandisa kancane kancane amandla okusika, sibona ububanzi bokudlidliza kombhede kanye nekhwalithi yokuphela kobuso obusetshenzisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo kuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zomklamo ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kwangempela.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye yombhede womshini kuwukuhlanganiswa okuhlelekile kwezinqubo eziningi ezilawulwa ngokunemba. Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokuhlanganisa, izindlela zokubuyisela eziguquguqukayo, kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuphelele, i-ZHHIMG iqinisekisa ukuthi umbhede womshini ugcina ukunemba kwezinga le-micron ngaphansi kwemithwalo eyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esingenakunyakaziswa sokusebenza kwemishini esezingeni lomhlaba. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokuthola okuhlakaniphile kanye nokulungiswa kokuzivumelanisa nezimo buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukuhlanganiswa kombhede womshini wesikhathi esizayo kuzoba ngcono kakhulu futhi kube ngcono ngokuzimela, kusunduze ukukhiqizwa kwemishini kube yizindlela ezintsha zokunemba.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-14-2025