Esimweni esibaluleke kakhulu sokukhiqiza ngokunemba, lapho ukuhambisana nobukhulu kuveza impumelelo, ukukhetha amathuluzi okulinganisa ayisisekelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Onjiniyela, ochwepheshe bokulawula ikhwalithi, kanye namaqembu okuthenga bavame ukubhekana nenkinga enkulu: indlela yokufinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthola izindleko ezinkulu. Impendulo ivame ukuba sebucikweni bethuluzi elibonakala lilula—i-ipuleti le-granite elinembileKunokuba kube yinto eyisisekelo nje, leli thuluzi liwukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kokungabi naphutha, futhi ukuqonda inani lalo langaphakathi kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza ngcono noma yiliphi ilabhorethri yesimanje ye-metrology.
Igama elithi “itafula” livame ukukhumbuza ngebhentshi lokusebenzela elilula, kodwa itafula eliyisicaba le-granite laklanywa ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zokuhlolwa kobukhulu. Liyindilinga yokubhekisela, elinganisiwe futhi eqinisekisiwe ngezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke eziqinile (njenge-ASME B89.3.7), okuqinisekisa ukuphambuka okulinganiselwe nokuncane kakhulu kusukela ekubeni yindilinga ngokuphelele. Lesi sitifiketi yisona esiliphakamisayo kusukela ekubeni yindilinga nje kuya ekubeni yithuluzi lokukala eligunyaziwe. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ecophelelayo ihilela ochwepheshe abanamakhono aphezulu abenza indlela yokugoqa amapuleti amathathu, beqinisekisa ukuthi indawo eqediwe iphambuka endizeni ephelele ngamasentimitha amancane kuphela, kuye ngebanga lokunemba elidingekayo.
Igunya Elingokwemvelo Le-Granite Metrology
Ukuphakama kwe-granite, ngokuvamile i-diabase emnyama ejiyile noma itshe elicebile nge-quartz elimpunga, kuvela ekuzinzeni kwayo kwe-geological. Le nto yemvelo inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile kunezindawo zensimbi ezibunjiwe noma ze-ceramic ezibalulekile endaweni enembile kakhulu. Ngokungafani nezindawo zensimbi, i-granite ibonisa i-hysteresis encane, okusho ukuthi ibuyela ngokushesha esimweni sayo sokuqala ngemva kokususwa komthwalo, okunciphisa ukuphambuka kwesikhashana okungathinta izilinganiso ezibucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) yayo ephansi inikeza i-inertia eshisayo engavamile, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuncane endaweni yelabhorethri kunomthelela othulekile kakhulu ebangeni elibucayi lokuthamba. Lokhu kuzinza akunakuxoxiswana ngakho ukuze kulinganiswe ngokunembile, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa imishini ebucayi efana namazinga kagesi noma ama-interferometer e-laser. Uhlobo lwe-granite olungagqwali futhi olungeyona i-magnetic nalo lwenza indawo yokusebenza ibe lula, lususe ukukhathazeka mayelana nokugqwala noma ukuphazamiseka kwamathuluzi okulinganisa i-magnetic.
Uma indawo itshala imali epuletini le-granite eliqinisekisiwe, ayithengi nje i-slab esindayo; ithola indinganiso elandelekayo nethembekile eqinisa yonke indlela yokulinganisa ubukhulu eyenziwe ngaphakathi kwenqubo yayo yokulawula ikhwalithi. Isakhiwo sekristalu sezinto ezibonakalayo siqinisekisa ukuthi ukuguguleka, okwenzeka ngokungenakugwenywa eminyakeni eminingi yokusetshenziswa, kuphumela ekuqhekekeni okuncane kakhulu kunokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki noma ukudalwa kwama-burrs aphakanyisiwe, okugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo sesikhathi eside sobuso bokulinganisa busebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinto ezithambile.
Ukuchaza Isilinganiso Sezindleko Zepuleti Lomphezulu We-Granite
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezithonya izinqumo zokuthenga yizindleko zokuqala zepuleti lobuso begranite. Abaphathi bokuthenga kumele babheke ngale kwentengo yesitikha futhi babale inani eliphelele, elihlanganisa ubude besikhathi, ukuzinza, kanye nezindleko zokugcina ukunemba phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwethuluzi. Ukuqonda abashayeli bezindleko ababalulekile kusiza ekwenzeni isinqumo sokutshalwa kwezimali esinolwazi.
Intengo iqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko yizinto ezintathu zobuchwepheshe. Okokuqala, ubukhulu kanye nobunzima obukhulu—amapuleti amakhulu adinga ukuphathwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokugoqa kanye nokuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa okukhulu. Okwesibili, izinga lokunemba elidingekayo—amapuleti aqinisekiswe kumaBanga aphezulu kakhulu (AA, noma ibanga lelebhu) adinga amahora amaningi okusebenza avela kochwepheshe be-metrology abanekhono eliphezulu. Lo msebenzi okhethekile kakhulu, odinga isikhathi esiningi uyisici esibaluleke kakhulu somehluko wentengo phakathi kwegumbi lamathuluzi (Ibanga B) kanye nepuleti lelebhu eliyinhloko (Ibanga AA). Okokugcina, ukufakwa kwezici ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, njengezithako zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe zokufaka izinto ezikhethekile, ama-T-slots aqoshiwe kahle ukuze kusethwe izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlola, noma ukukhululeka kwangaphakathi okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuqina, konke kunegalelo ekutshalweni kwezimali kokugcina.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ipuleti elingaphezulu elinganembile noma elingazinzile—ngokuvamile eliwumphumela wokuthenga imodeli eshibhile, engaqinisekisiwe—liholela ngqo ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye ezingahambisani. Izindleko ezilandelayo zokulahla, ukuvuselela, ukubuyiselwa kwamakhasimende, kanye nokulahlekelwa okungenzeka kwezitifiketi zemboni kudlula kakhulu umehluko wentengo yepuleti le-granite elinokunemba eliqinisekisiwe, elisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukubheka ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala njengenqubomgomo yomshuwalense ehlala njalo ngokumelene nekhwalithi ephansi kanye nokungaqiniseki kobukhulu kunikeza umbono ofanele wezomnotho.
Ithebula Lokuhlola I-Granite Surface Njengempahla Eyisisekelo
Ithebula lokuhlola elingaphezulu le-granite liyinhliziyo yanoma yiliphi ilabhorethri yokulawula ikhwalithi ethembekile (i-QC) noma i-metrology. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngeplatifomu ephelele, engenasiphambeko yezinsimbi eziqondile ezifana namageyiji okuphakama, izinkomba zokudayela, ama-comparators kagesi, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, isisekelo seMishini Yokulinganisa Ehlanganisiwe (ama-CMM).
Isibonelo, ukunemba kokufundwa okulula kwesilinganiso sokuphakama kuncike kakhulu ekubeni yisicaba kanye nesikwele sepuleti lobuso ngokwalo. Uma ipuleti lokubhekisela linomphetho omncane, ongalingani noma ukusonteka, lelo phutha lejiyometri lidluliselwa ngqo futhi lifakwe ekufundeni okulandelayo, okuholela ekulinganisweni kwesistimu. Umkhuba ojwayelekile wokuhlola uthembele epuletini ukuze unikeze ipuleti lokubhekisela elibalulekile elingu-zero, okuvumela izilinganiso ezithembekile zokuqhathanisa ngamabhulokhi noma amazinga e-master gauge. Isebenza futhi njengendawo yokusungulwa kwedatha eyinhloko, ireferensi ehleliwe lapho zonke izici zomsebenzi obalulekile zilinganiswa khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu, isisindo esikhulu setafula lobuso obuyisicaba le-granite sisebenza njenge-mount eqinile, yokulwa nokudlidliza kwama-CMM noma ama-laser tracker, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nokuphazamiseka okuncane kwemvelo noma kwemishini akuphazamisi izilinganiso zezinga le-sub-micron ezenziwayo.
Ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho bepuleti njengethuluzi lokuhlola, kumele lisekelwe ngendlela efanele. Isitendi sobungcweti, esakhelwe ngenhloso siyinto ebalulekile, eyenzelwe ukubamba ipuleti ezindaweni ezincishiswa ukucindezeleka ezibalwa ngokwezibalo (ezaziwa ngokuthi amaphuzu e-Airy). Ukubeka ipuleti elinembile kakhulu ebhentshini lokusebenzela elingalinganiswanga, elijwayelekile ngokushesha kuphazamisa ukuthamba kwepuleti okuqinisekisiwe futhi kwenza konke ukusethwa kwe-metrology kungathembeki. Uhlelo lokusekela luyisandiso sokunemba kwepuleti.
Ukugcina Ukuthembeka Okuhlala Njalo Ngokusebenzisa Ukulinganisa
Nakuba isikhathi eside setafula eliyisicaba le-granite surface sizinzile, asivimbeli ezimweni ezinzima zokusetshenziswa njalo. Ngisho nezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ziguga kancane, endaweni ethile. Ukugcinwa okufanele kubalulekile futhi kuqondile: indawo kufanele igcinwe ihlanzekile ngokucophelela, ingenalo uthuli olubi, imfucumfucu yokugaya, noma izinsalela ezinamathelayo ezingaphazamisa amathuluzi okulinganisa. Kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela izihlanzi zepuleti eliyisipesheli, ezingonakalisi. Ingozi enkulu yokuba isicaba kwepuleti ivela ekugugeni kwendawo ethile, okugxilile, yingakho ochwepheshe bekhuthazwa ukuba basebenzise ububanzi obuphelele bendawo esikhundleni sokugxila ngokuphindaphindiwe ekulinganisweni endaweni eyodwa encane.
Kodwa-ke, okuwukuphela kwesivikelo sangempela sokutshalwa kwezimali ukulinganiswa okulandelwayo njalo. Le nqubo ephindaphindayo, okumele ifakwe ezindleleni zepuleti lobuso le-granite lesikhathi eside, ayinakuxoxiswana ngayo ukuze kulondolozwe ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zomhlaba wonke. Ngesikhathi sokulinganiswa, uchwepheshe we-metrology ogunyaziwe usebenzisa amathuluzi athuthukile, njengamazinga e-elekthronikhi anembile noma imishini ye-laser, ukuze adwebe yonke indawo. Baqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthamba kwepuleti iyonke, ukuphindaphindeka kwayo ezindaweni ezahlukene, kanye nokuthamba kwendawo okuhlala kuyo kuhlala kuthembekile ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okucacisiwe kwebanga layo. Le nqubo yokuqinisekiswa kabusha ephindaphindayo iqinisekisa ukuthi ipuleti ligcina igunya lalo njengendinganiso yokulinganisa ethembekile yesikhungo, livikele ikhwalithi yayo yonke imikhiqizo edlula ekuhlolweni.
Emakethe yomhlaba wonke encintisanayo, abakhiqizi abakhiqiza izingxenye ngokubekezelelana njalo banezinga eliphansi lezinto ezilahliwe, izicelo zewaranti ezimbalwa, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende okuphezulu kakhulu. Le nzuzo isekelwe kakhulu ekubeni nesisekelo se-metrology esithembekile ngokuphelele. Isinqumo sokuthenga ipuleti le-granite elinembile eliqinisekisiwe siyindlela yobuchwepheshe kakhulu, futhi ngokutshala imali ngokuhlakanipha etafuleni lokuhlola le-granite eliqinisekisiwe futhi silihlanganise nokusekelwa kochwepheshe kanye nokulinganiswa okuvamile, izikhungo zingaqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha yazo yobukhulu, ziguqule izindleko zokuqala zibe yimpahla eqinile, eyisisekelo yekhwalithi kanye nenzuzo ehlala njalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-04-2025