Izinto zobumba ziya ngokuya ziba yingxenye eyinhloko yokukhiqiza okusezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yobulukhuni bazo obuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, izinto zobumba ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-alumina, i-silicon carbide, kanye ne-aluminium nitride zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezindizayo, ekupakisheni kwe-semiconductor, kanye nasezinhlelweni zezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthakathaka obungokwemvelo kanye nokuqina okuphansi kwalezi zinto, imishini yazo enembile ibilokhu ibhekwa njengenselele enzima. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi amasha okusika, izinqubo ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha obuhlakaniphile, izithiyo zomshini wobumba ziyanqotshwa kancane kancane.
Ubunzima: Ukuqina Okuphezulu Nokubhidlika Kuhlala Kukhona
Ngokungafani nezinsimbi, izinto zobumba zisengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka ngesikhathi somshini wokugaya. Isibonelo, i-silicon carbide inzima kakhulu, futhi amathuluzi okusika endabuko avame ukuguga ngokushesha, okuholela esikhathini sokuphila esiyingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi kuphela kunesomshini wokugaya insimbi. Imiphumela yokushisa nayo iyingozi enkulu. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa endaweni ngesikhathi somshini kungaholela ekuguqulweni kwesigaba kanye nokucindezeleka okusele, okuholela ekulimaleni komhlaba okungafaka engcupheni ukuthembeka komkhiqizo wokugcina. Kuma-substrate e-semiconductor, ngisho nomonakalo wesilinganiso se-nanometer ungalimaza ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kwe-chip kanye nokusebenza kukagesi.
Ukuthuthuka Kobuchwepheshe: Amathuluzi Okusika Aqinile Nezinqubo Ezihlanganisiwe
Ukuze kunqotshwe lezi zinselele zomshini wokusika, imboni iqhubeka nokwethula amathuluzi amasha okusika kanye nezixazululo zokwenza ngcono inqubo. Amathuluzi okusika e-polycrystalline diamond (PCD) kanye ne-cubic boron nitride (CBN) ashintshe kancane kancane amathuluzi okusika e-carbide yendabuko, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokuqina komshini wokusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokusika obusizwa ukudlidliza kwe-ultrasonic kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusika obusebenzisa i-ductile-domain kuye kwavumela ukusika kwezinto zobumba "ezifana nepulasitiki", ezazisuswe ngaphambilini ngenxa yokuphuka okubuthakathaka, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukuqhekeka kanye nomonakalo onqenqemeni.
Ngokuphathelene nokwelashwa kwendawo, ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana nokupholisha kwamakhemikhali (i-CMP), ukupholisha kwe-magnetorheological (i-MRF), kanye nokupholisha okusizwa yi-plasma (i-PAP) kuholela izingxenye ze-ceramic enkathini yokunemba kwezinga le-nanometer. Isibonelo, izisekelo zokushisa ze-aluminium nitride, nge-CMP ezihlanganiswe nezinqubo ze-PAP, zifinyelele amazinga okugoba kwendawo ngaphansi kwe-2nm, okubaluleke kakhulu embonini ye-semiconductor.
Amathemba Okusebenzisa: Kusukela Kuma-Chips Kuya Ekunakekelweni Kwezempilo
Lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe zishintsha ngokushesha zibe izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni. Abakhiqizi be-semiconductor basebenzisa amathuluzi omshini anokuqina okuphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokunciphisa amaphutha okushisa ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwama-wafer amakhulu e-ceramic. Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, izindawo ezigobile eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-zirconia implants zenziwa ngomshini ngokunemba okuphezulu ngokusebenzisa i-magnetorheological polishing. Kuhlanganiswe nezinqubo ze-laser kanye ne-coating, lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuqina.
Amathrendi Esikhathi Esizayo: Ukukhiqiza Okuhlakaniphile Nokuluhlaza
Uma sibheka phambili, imishini yokucubungula ngobumba izoba ehlakaniphile kakhulu futhi enobungani nemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye namawele edijithali kufakwa ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza, okuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono ngesikhathi sangempela kwezindlela zamathuluzi, izindlela zokupholisa, kanye nemingcele yokucubungula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kwe-gradient ceramic kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwemfucuza sekuba izindawo ezishisayo zocwaningo, okunikeza izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza oluhlaza.
Isiphetho
Kusobala ukuthi imishini yokucubungula ngokunemba kwe-ceramic izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka ibe "ngokunemba kwe-nano, umonakalo ophansi, kanye nokulawula okuhlakaniphile." Embonini yokukhiqiza yomhlaba wonke, lokhu akumeleli nje kuphela intuthuko ekucutshungulweni kwezinto kodwa futhi kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuncintisana kwesikhathi esizayo ezimbonini ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza okuthuthukile, intuthuko entsha ekusebenzeni kwe-ceramic izoqhubekisela phambili ngqo izimboni ezifana nezindiza, ama-semiconductor, kanye ne-biomedicine ezingeni elisha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-23-2025