Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ngokunemba kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi oluthuthukisiwe, ukukhethwa kwesisekelo seplatifomu entantayo yomoya ocindezelwe ngokunemba kuyisici esibalulekile sokunquma ukusebenza kwayo. Isisekelo sokunemba kwe-granite kanye nesisekelo se-ceramic zinezici zazo, ezibonisa izinzuzo nezici ezahlukene ekuzinzeni, ekugcinweni ngokunemba, ekuqineni njalo njalo.
Ukuzinza: Isakhiwo semvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nesakhiwo sokwenziwa
Ngemva kokushintsha kwesikhathi eside kwe-geological, i-granite ihlanganiswe eduze yi-quartz, i-feldspar kanye nezinye izimbiwa, zakha isakhiwo esiminyene nesifanayo. Lapho kubhekene nokuphazamiseka kokudlidliza kwangaphandle, njengokudlidliza okunamandla okubangelwa ukusebenza kwemishini emikhulu endaweni yokusebenzela yasefektri, isisekelo se-granite singavimba futhi sinciphise ngempumelelo, okunganciphisa ubukhulu bokudlidliza bepulatifomu entantayo yomoya ocindezelekile ngokunemba ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-80, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokusebenza esizinzile sepulatifomu ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza okubushelelezi ekucutshungulweni noma ekutholakaleni okunembile kakhulu. Isibonelo, enkambisweni ye-lithography yokukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor chip, isisekelo se-granite esizinzile singaqinisekisa ukusebenza okunembile kwemishini ye-chip lithography futhi sifinyelele ukucaciswa okunembile kakhulu kwamaphethini e-chip.
Isisekelo se-ceramic senziwe ngokwenziwa kokwenziwa kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, futhi isakhiwo saso sangaphakathi naso sifana futhi sinezici ezinhle zokudambisa ukudlidliza. Uma sibhekene nokudlidliza okuvamile, singakha indawo yokusebenza ezinzile yesikhulumi esintantayo somoya ocindezelekile oqondile. Kodwa-ke, uma sibhekene namandla aphezulu nokudlidliza okuqhubekayo, ikhono laso lokunciphisa ukudlidliza liphansi kancane kunesisekelo se-granite, futhi kunzima ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokudlidliza kube sezingeni elifanayo eliphansi, okungaba nomthelela othile ekuhambeni kwepulatifomu okunembile kakhulu.
Ukugcinwa kokunemba: ukwanda okuphansi kwezinzuzo zemvelo kanye nokulawulwa kokwenziwa kokunemba
I-Granite yaziwa ngokulingana kwayo okuphansi kakhulu kokukhula kokushisa, ngokuvamile ku-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Endaweni yokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa, usayizi wesisekelo sokunemba se-granite awushintshi kakhulu. Emkhakheni wezinkanyezi, ipulatifomu yokuntanta yomoya ocindezelekile oqondile wokulungiswa kahle kwelensi yethelesikopu ihambisana nesisekelo se-granite, noma ngabe umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku ubalulekile, ingaqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kokubekwa kwelensi kugcinwa ezingeni le-submicron, kusize izazi zezinkanyezi ukuthi zibambe amandla angabonakali ezidalwa zasezulwini ezikude.
Izinto zobumba zinhle kakhulu maqondana nokuzinza kokushisa, futhi i-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kwezinye izinto zobumba ezisebenza kahle ingaba phansi cishe njenge-zero futhi ingalawulwa ngokunembile ngokwakhiwa kanye nenqubo. Kweminye imishini yokulinganisa enembile kakhulu ezwela izinga lokushisa, isisekelo sobumba singagcina usayizi ozinzile lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha, okuqinisekisa ukunemba kokunyakaza kwepulatifomu entantayo yomoya ocindezelekile oqondile. Kodwa-ke, ukuzinza kwayo kokunemba kwesikhathi eside ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo kuthinteka yizici ezifana nokuguga kwezinto futhi kudinga ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe.
Ukuqina: Ubulukhuni obukhulu betshe lemvelo nezinto zokwenziwa ezingamelani nokugqwala
Ubulukhuni begranite buphezulu, ubulukhuni be-Mohs bungafinyelela ku-6-7, ukumelana okuhle nokuguguleka. Elabhorethri yesayensi yezinto zokwakha, ipulatifomu yomoya ontantayo oqondile osetshenziswa njalo, isisekelo sayo segranite singamelana ngempumelelo nokulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana kwesikhathi eside, uma kuqhathaniswa nesisekelo esivamile, singandisa umjikelezo wokugcinwa kwepulatifomu ngaphezu kuka-50%, sinciphise izindleko zokugcinwa kwemishini, futhi siqinisekise ukuqhubeka komsebenzi wocwaningo lwesayensi. Kodwa-ke, izinto zegranite ziyaphuka kancane, kunengozi yokuqhekeka uma zithinteka ngengozi.
Isisekelo se-ceramic asigcini nje ngokuba siqinile, kodwa futhi sinokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Ezindaweni zezimboni lapho kunengozi yokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, njengezinkundla zokuntanta komoya eziqondile ze-hydrostatic emishinini yokuhlola imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, izisekelo ze-ceramic zimelana namagesi noma uketshezi olugqwalisayo, zigcina ubuqotho bomphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zemishini isikhathi eside. Ezindaweni ezibucayi ezifana nomswakama ophezulu, ukuzinza kokusebenza kwesisekelo se-ceramic kungcono kunokwesisekelo se-granite.
Izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nobunzima bokucubungula: inselele yokumba itshe lemvelo kanye nomkhawulo wobuchwepheshe wokwenziwa kokwenziwa
Ukumbiwa nokuthuthwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-granite kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukucubungula kudinga imishini nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo obuphezulu, ukuphuka, ukusika, ukugaya, ukupholisha nezinye izinqubo zivame ukuwohloka, ukuqhekeka, izinga eliphezulu lokulahla, okuholela ezindleleni zokukhiqiza eziphezulu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesisekelo se-ceramic kuncike ekuhlanganisweni okuthuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubumba ngokunemba, kusukela ekulungisweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukubumba kuya ekushiseni, isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukulawulwa ngokunembile. Ucwaningo lokuqala kanye nentuthuko kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini kukhulu, kusezingeni eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ngokwandiswa kwesilinganiso sokukhiqiza, izindleko kulindeleke ukuthi zincishiswe, futhi zinamandla okusebenzisa imali kahle ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziphezulu.
Sekukonke, izisekelo zokunemba kwe-granite zisebenza kahle ekuzinzeni okuphelele nasekuqineni okuvamile, kuyilapho izisekelo zobumba zinezinzuzo ezihlukile ekuzivumelaniseni nokushisa okukhulu kanye nokuqina kokugqwala. Ukukhetha isisekelo kufanele kusekelwe esimweni esithile sokusetshenziswa, izimo zemvelo kanye nesabelomali sezindleko sepulatifomu yokuntanta yomoya eqondile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-10-2025