Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza kwezimboni, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini kuyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa amandla okukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, inkinga yokungasebenzi kwemishini okubangelwa ukugqwala kwezisekelo zensimbi ezivamile ibilokhu ihlupha imboni yokukhiqiza isikhathi eside. Kusukela kumathuluzi okulinganisa ngokunembile kuya kumishini esindayo yemishini, uma izisekelo zensimbi ezisetshenzisiwe sezigqwalile, ngeke nje kuholele ekulinganisweni okungalungile kanye nokuguguleka kwezingxenye zemishini, kodwa futhi kungabangela ukwehluleka kwemishini kanye nokuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza. Isisekelo se-granite, esinezakhiwo zaso zemvelo zokulwa nokugqwala, sinikeza amabhizinisi ikhambi elihlala njalo.
Ukugqwala kwezisekelo zensimbi ephonswe ngensimbi: "Umbulali ongabonakali" ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni
Izisekelo zensimbi eziphothiwe zazisetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini eyahlukahlukene yezimboni ngenxa yezindleko zazo eziphansi kanye nokucutshungulwa okulula. Kodwa-ke, insimbi ephothiwe empeleni iyi-iron-carbon alloy. Isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi siqukethe inani elikhulu lemingxunya emincane kanye nokungcola, okuvame kakhulu ukusabela kwe-oxidation kanye nomswakama kanye nomoya-mpilo emoyeni, okwakha ukugqwala. Ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezimanzi, ezindaweni ezisogwini ezine-spray kasawoti omningi, noma lapho zivezwa ezintweni zamakhemikhali ezifana ne-coolant kanye ne-acid noma i-alkali cleaners, izinga lokugqwala kwezisekelo zensimbi eziphothiwe lizokhula kakhulu. Ngokusho kwezibalo, endaweni evamile yezimboni, izisekelo zensimbi eziphothiwe zizobonisa ukugqwala okusobala ngokwesilinganiso njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-3. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezinomswakama omningi noma ezigqwalisayo, impilo yayo yokusebenza ingafinyezwa ibe ngaphansi konyaka owodwa.
Ngemva kokugqwala, ubuso besisekelo sensimbi ephonswe buzoqhephuka kancane kancane bube bungafani, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukunemba kokufakwa kwemishini futhi kubangele izinkinga ezifana nokudlidliza okukhulu kanye nezingxenye ezikhululekile. Ngemishini yokulinganisa ngokunembile, ukuguquguquka okuncane okubangelwa ukugqwala esisekelweni kungaholela emaphutheni okulinganisa ande abe ngaphezu kuka-±5μm, okwenza ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo kungabi namsebenzi. Ngamathuluzi omshini asebenza kanzima, umonakalo wesakhiwo obangelwa ukugqwala ungase uholele nasekuvalekeni kwemishini ngokuzumayo, okuholela ekukhubazekeni komugqa wokukhiqiza. Ifektri ethile yokukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto yake yaba nezinkinga njalo zethuluzi layo lokulinganisa ngokunembile ngenxa yokugqwala kwesisekelo sensimbi ephonswe. Ukulahlekelwa okuqondile kwezomnotho okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kwemishini phakathi nonyaka kudlule isigidi esisodwa sama-yuan.
Isisekelo segranite: "Isivikelo" semvelo esilwa nokugqwala
I-Granite iyitshe lemvelo elakhiwe ngezinqubo ze-geological eminyakeni engamakhulu ezigidi. Amakristalu ayo angaphakathi amaminerali aqiniswa kakhulu, futhi isakhiwo sawo siminyene futhi sifana, okwenza kube nenzuzo engokwemvelo ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-granite (i-quartz, i-feldspar, i-mica, njll.) zinezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile kakhulu futhi azisabelani nezinto ezivamile ze-acidic noma ze-alkaline. Ngisho noma zithintana isikhathi eside noketshezi olugqwala njenge-coolant kanye nezinto zokuhlanza, akukho ukugqwala okuzokwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuso be-granite cishe abunazo izimbobo, futhi amanzi awakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi, asuse ithuba lokugqwala nokugqwala kusuka empandeni.
Idatha yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi lapho i-granite ne-cast iron kubekwa ngesikhathi esisodwa endaweni egqwala kakhulu equkethe isisombululo se-sodium chloride esingu-10%, i-cast iron ikhombisa izindawo zokugqwala ezisobala zingakapheli amahora angu-48, kanti ngemva kwamahora ayi-1000 okuhlolwa, ubuso be-granite buhlala bubushelelezi njengokusha ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokugqwala. Lokhu kusebenza okuvelele kokulwa nokugqwala kwenza izisekelo ze-granite zibonise izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa ezimbonini ezinokugqwala okunamandla njengobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, ukucubungula ukudla, kanye nobunjiniyela basemanzini.
Ukuthuthukisa izindleko zomjikelezo wempilo ephelele: Kusukela "ekutshalweni kwezimali kwesikhathi esifushane" kuya "ekubuyiselweni kwesikhathi eside"
Nakuba izindleko zokuqala zokuthenga izisekelo zegranite ziphakeme kunezensimbi ephothiwe, ngokombono womjikelezo wokuphila kwemishini, izinzuzo eziphelele ezilethayo zidlula kakhulu umehluko wezindleko. Isisekelo sensimbi ephothiwe sidinga ukulungiswa njalo ngenxa yokugqwala (njengokususwa kokugqwala nokupendwa kabusha), kanti izindleko zokulungisa zonyaka zibiza cishe u-10% kuya ku-15% wentengo yokuthenga. Uma ukugqwala kukhulu, sonke isisekelo sidinga ukushintshwa, okwandisa ngqo isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemishini kanye nezindleko zokushintsha. Isisekelo segranite asidingi ukulungiswa cishe, sinempilo yesevisi engaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, futhi sigcina ukunemba nokusebenza okuzinzile kulo lonke ukusetshenziswa, kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukwehluleka kwemishini kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Ngemva kokuba ibhizinisi elithile lokukhiqiza ngogesi lithathe indawo yesisekelo sensimbi esibunjiwe somugqa wokukhiqiza ngesisekelo segranite, izinga lokungasebenzi kwemishini lehle ngo-85%, umjikelezo wokulinganisa wemishini yokulinganisa welulwa kusukela kanye ngenyanga kuya kanye ngonyaka, kanti izindleko eziphelele zonyaka zehliswe ngo-40%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzinza okuphezulu kwesisekelo segranite nakho kukhuphule izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo, okudala ngokungaqondile izinzuzo eziphezulu zezomnotho.
Egagasini lokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezimboni, ukushintsha kusuka ezisekelweni zensimbi ezibunjiwe kuya ezisekelweni zegranite akugcini nje ngokuphindaphinda izinto kodwa futhi kuyisingeniso emibonweni yokukhiqiza kusukela "ekwenzeni" kuya "ebuhleni". Ngokukhetha isisekelo segranite, amabhizinisi awakwazi nje ukuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokugqwala nokugqwala, kodwa futhi afinyelele ukuthuthuka okubili ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwemishini, okubeka isisekelo esiqinile sentuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu enkathini yokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-13-2025