Emkhakheni wokuhlolwa kwe-semiconductor, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zeplathifomu yokuhlola kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunembeni kokuhlola nokuzinza kwemishini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zensimbi ezisansimbi zendabuko, i-granite isiba yinketho efanelekile yamapulatifomu okuhlola ama-semiconductor ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuvelele.
Ukumelana nokugqwala okuvelele kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola i-semiconductor, ama-reagents amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene avame ukubandakanyeka, njengesixazululo se-potassium hydroxide (KOH) esisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-photoresist, kanye nezinto ezigqwala kakhulu njenge-hydrofluoric acid (HF) ne-nitric acid (HNO₃) enqubweni yokuhlanganisa. I-cast iron ikakhulukazi yakhiwa izakhi zensimbi. Esimweni esinjalo samakhemikhali, ukusabela kokunciphisa i-oxidation kungenzeka kakhulu. Ama-athomu e-ayoni alahlekelwa ama-electron futhi abhekane nokugudluzwa kwezinto ezine-asidi esixazululweni, okubangela ukugqwala okusheshayo kwendawo engaphezulu, kwakhe ukugqwala nokucindezeleka, futhi kulimaze ukucaba nokunemba kobukhulu beplatifomu.
Ngokuphambene, ukwakheka kwamaminerali egwadle kuyinikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okungavamile. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko, i-quartz (SiO₂), inezici zamakhemikhali ezinzile kakhulu futhi ayihlangani neze nama-asidi avamile nezisekelo. Amaminerali afana ne-feldspar nawo anert ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zamakhemikhali. Inani elikhulu lokuhlola libonise ukuthi endaweni efanayo yamakhemikhali yokutholwa kwe-semiconductor efanayo, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali kwegwadle kuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-15 kunensimbi ekhonjiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu e-granite kunganciphisa kakhulu imvamisa nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwemishini okubangelwa ukugqwala, kunwebe impilo yesevisi yezinto zokusebenza, futhi kuqinisekise ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kokunemba kokutholwa.
Ukuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba kokutholwa kweleveli ye-nanometer
Ukuhlolwa kwe-semiconductor kunezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zokuzinza kweplathifomu futhi kudinga ukulinganisa ngokunembile izici ze-chip ku-nanoscale. I-coefficient yokunwetshwa okushisayo kwensimbi ekhonjiwe iphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa, cishe 10-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Ukushisa okukhiqizwa ukusebenza kwesisetshenziswa esibonayo noma ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile kuzodala ukwanda okushisayo nokufinyela kweplathifomu yensimbi esakazwayo, okuholela ekuphambukeni kwendawo phakathi kwe-probe yokuthola kanye ne-chip futhi kuthinte ukunemba kokulinganisa.
I-coefficient yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal ye-granite ingu-0.6-5×10⁻⁶/℃ kuphela, okuyingxenyana noma ngaphansi kwaleyo yensimbi ekhonjiwe. Isakhiwo sawo siminyene. Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuye kwaqedwa ngokuyisisekelo ngokuguga kwemvelo yesikhathi eside futhi kuthintwa kancane ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ukwengeza, i-granite inokuqina okuqinile, enobulukhuni obuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-3 kunaleyo yensimbi ecijile (okulingana ne-HRC > 51), engamelana ngempumelelo nemithelela yangaphandle nokudlidliza futhi igcine ukucaba nokuqondile kweplathifomu. Isibonelo, ekutholweni kwesekethe ye-chip enembayo ephezulu, iplathifomu yegranite ingalawula iphutha lokucaba ngaphakathi kuka-±0.5μm/m, iqinisekise ukuthi okokusebenza kokutholwa kusengakwazi ukuthola ukunemba kwe-nanoscale ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Isici esivelele se-anti-magnetic, sidala indawo ehlanzekile yokuthola
Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nezinzwa ezisemishinini yokuhlola i-semiconductor zizwela kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni kwe-electromagnetic. I-cast iron inezinga elithile lamagnetism. Endaweni ye-electromagnetic, izokhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe, ezophazamisa amasignali kazibuthe wezinto ezitholwayo, okuholela ekuhlanekeni kwesignali kanye nedatha yokuthola okungavamile.
I-Granite, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyimpahla ye-antimagnetic futhi ayihlukanisiwe neze ngamasimu kazibuthe angaphandle. Ama-electron angaphakathi akhona ngamabili ngaphakathi kwezibopho zamakhemikhali, futhi isakhiwo sizinzile, asithintwa amandla kagesi angaphandle. Endaweni eqinile kazibuthe engu-10mT, amandla kazibuthe akhangisiwe endaweni yegwadle angaphansi kuka-0.001mT, kuyilapho lokho okungaphezulu kwensimbi ewuketshezi kuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-8mT. Lesi sici sivumela inkundla yegwadle ukuthi idale indawo emsulwa kazibuthe kagesi yezinto ezitholwayo, ikakhulukazi ezifanele izimo ezinezidingo eziqinile zomsindo kazibuthe njengokutholwa kwe-quantum chip kanye nokutholwa kwesekethe ye-analogi enembayo, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuthembeka nokuvumelana kwemiphumela yokutholwa.
Ekwakhiweni kwamapulatifomu okuhlola i-semiconductor, i-granite idlule ngokuphelele izinto zensimbi ezisansimbi ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezibalulekile njengokumelana nokugqwala, ukuzinza kanye ne-anti-magnetism. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor buthuthukela ekunembeni okuphezulu, i-granite izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwemishini yokuhlola kanye nokukhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yomkhakha we-semiconductor.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-15-2025