Ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi—kusukela ezinhlelweni zokusekela ze-hydraulic kuya kumathuluzi e-lithography athuthukile—kuncike kakhulu ezakhiweni zayo eziyisisekelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso (ezingezona ezejwayelekile). Lapho lezi zisekelo zihluleka noma ziguquguquka, izinqubo zokulungisa nokufaka esikhundleni ezidingekayo kumele zilinganise ngokucophelela ubuqotho besakhiwo, izakhiwo zezinto, kanye nezidingo eziguquguqukayo zesicelo. Isu lokunakekela izingxenye ezinjalo ezingezona ezejwayelekile kumele lijikeleze ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kohlobo lomonakalo, ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka, kanye nokuphelela kokusebenza, kuyilapho ukushintshwa kudinga ukunamathela ngokuqinile ekuqinisekisweni kokuhambisana kanye nezinqubo zokulinganisa eziguquguqukayo.
I. Uhlobo Lomonakalo kanye Namasu Okulungisa Aqondiwe
Ukulimala kwezisekelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuvame ukubonakala njengokuphuka kwendawo, ukwehluleka kwamaphuzu okuxhuma, noma ukuphambuka okukhulu kwejometri. Ukwehluleka okuvamile esisekelweni sokusekela se-hydraulic, isibonelo, ukuphuka kwezinti eziyinhloko, okudinga indlela yokulungisa ehluke kakhulu. Uma ukuphuka kwenzeka endaweni yokuxhuma, okuvame ukubangelwa ukukhathala okuvela ekugxileni kokucindezeleka okujikelezayo, ukulungiswa kudinga ukususwa ngokucophelela kwamapuleti okumboza, ukuqinisa okulandelayo ngepuleti lensimbi elihambisana nomzali, kanye nokushisela okucophelelayo ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuqhubeka kombambo oyinhloko. Lokhu kuvame ukulandelwa ukugoba ukuze kusabalaliswe kabusha futhi kulinganiswe amandla omthwalo.
Emkhakheni wemishini enembile kakhulu, ukulungiswa kugxila kakhulu ekunciphiseni umonakalo omncane. Cabanga ngesisekelo sethuluzi elibonakalayo esibonisa imifantu emincane ebusweni ngenxa yokudlidliza isikhathi eside. Ukulungiswa kuzosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-laser cladding ukufaka i-alloy powder ehambisana kahle nokwakheka kwe-substrate. Le ndlela ivumela ukulawulwa okunembile kakhulu kobukhulu besendlalelo se-cladding, kufezwe ukulungiswa okungenakucindezeleka okugwema indawo ethintekile ekushiseni okulimazayo kanye nokuwohloka kwempahla okuhambisana nokushisela okuvamile. Ngemifantu ebusweni engathwali umthwalo, inqubo ye-Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM), esebenzisa i-semi-solid abrasive medium, ingazivumelanisa nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, isuse amaphutha ebusweni ngenkathi igcina ngokuqinile iphrofayili yokuqala yejometri.
II. Ukuqinisekiswa kanye nokulawulwa kokuhambisana kokushintsha
Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwesisekelo esenziwe ngokwezifiso kudinga uhlelo oluphelele lokuqinisekisa lwe-3D oluhlanganisa ukuhambisana kwejometri, ukuhambisana kwezinto, kanye nokufaneleka kokusebenza. Kuphrojekthi yokushintsha isisekelo samathuluzi omshini we-CNC, isibonelo, ukwakheka kwesisekelo esisha kuhlanganiswe nemodeli yomshini wokuqala ye-Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwe-topological, ukusatshalaliswa kokuqina kwengxenye entsha kuqhathaniswa ngokucophelela nendala. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ungqimba lwe-elastic compensation oluyi-0.1 mm lungafakwa ezindaweni zokuxhumana ukuze lumunce amandla okudlidliza omshini. Ngaphambi kokufakwa kokugcina, i-laser tracker yenza ukuhambisana kwe-spatial coordinate, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufana phakathi kwesisekelo esisha kanye nemigwaqo yomshini kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.02 mm ukuvimbela ukubopha kokunyakaza ngenxa yokungalungi kokufakwa.
Ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyisisekelo esingenakuxoxiswana sokuqinisekiswa kokufakwa esikhundleni. Uma kufakwa esikhundleni ukwesekwa kweplatifomu ekhethekile yasolwandle, ingxenye entsha yenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali ephindwe kabili. Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okuqinile kwe-electrochemical kube sekwenziwa ukuqinisekisa umehluko omncane okhona phakathi kwezinto ezintsha nezindala, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukugqwala kwe-galvanic okusheshiswa endaweni enamanzi olwandle aqinile. Ezisekelweni ezihlanganisiwe, ukuhlolwa kokufanisa i-thermal expansion coefficient kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-interfacial okubangelwa ukujikeleza kokushisa.
III. Ukulinganisa Okuguquguqukayo kanye Nokulungiselelwa Kokusebenza
Ngemva kokushintsha, ukulinganisa okugcwele kokusebenza kubalulekile ukuze kubuyiselwe ukusebenza kwasekuqaleni kwemishini. Icala elibalulekile ukushintshwa kwesisekelo somshini we-lithography we-semiconductor. Ngemva kokufakwa, i-interferometer ye-laser yenza ukuhlolwa okunamandla kokunemba kokunyakaza kwetafula lokusebenza. Ngokulungisa okunembile kwama-micro-adjusters e-ceramic angaphakathi esisekelo, iphutha lokuphindaphinda kokubeka lingalungiswa kusukela ku-0.5 μm yokuqala liye ngaphansi kuka-0.1 μm. Kuma-bases enziwe ngokwezifiso asekela imithwalo ejikelezayo, kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-modal, okuvame ukudinga ukungezwa kwezimbobo zokunciphisa noma ukusatshalaliswa kabusha kwesisindo ukuze kususwe imvamisa yemvelo ye-resonant yengxenye kude nobubanzi bokusebenza besistimu, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukudlidliza okubhubhisayo.
Ukulungiswa kabusha okusebenzayo kumelela ukunwetshwa kwenqubo yokufaka esikhundleni. Lapho kuthuthukiswa isisekelo sebhentshi lokuhlola injini yendiza, isakhiwo esisha singahlanganiswa nenethiwekhi yenzwa yokulinganisa ubunzima engenantambo. Le nethiwekhi iqapha ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka kuwo wonke amaphuzu okuthwala ngesikhathi sangempela. Idatha icutshungulwa yi-module ye-edge computing bese ifakwa ngqo ohlelweni lokulawula, okuvumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwamapharamitha okuhlola. Lokhu kuguqulwa okuhlakaniphile akugcini nje ngokubuyisela kodwa kuthuthukisa ubuqotho bokuhlola kwemishini kanye nokusebenza kahle kwayo.
IV. Ukugcinwa Okusebenzayo kanye Nokuphathwa Komjikelezo Wokuphila
Isu lesevisi kanye nokushintsha izisekelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kumele lifakwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lokulungisa olusebenzayo. Ezisekweni ezivezwe ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo, kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic okungonakalisi (NDT) kwekota, kugxilwe ezindaweni zokushisela kanye nokuhlushwa kokucindezeleka. Ezisekweni ezisekela imishini edlidliza kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kwanyanga zonke kwe-fastener pre-tension ngendlela ye-torque-angle kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokuxhumeka. Ngokusungula imodeli yokuvela komonakalo ngokusekelwe emazingeni okusabalala koqhekeko, opharetha bangabikezela ngokunembile impilo ewusizo esele yesisekelo, okuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwesu kwemijikelezo yokushintsha—isibonelo, ukwandisa ukushintshwa kwesisekelo segiya kusuka emjikelezweni weminyaka emihlanu kuya eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa eziphelele.
Ukugcinwa kobuchwepheshe kwezisekelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuguquke kusukela ekuphenduleni okungenamsebenzi kuya ekungeneleleni okusebenzayo nokuhlakaniphile. Ngokuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe, ukuzwa okuhlakaniphile, kanye namakhono amabili edijithali, uhlelo lokugcinwa kwesikhathi esizayo lwezakhiwo ezingezona ezijwayelekile luzofeza ukuzihlola umonakalo, izinqumo zokulungisa eziqondiswayo, kanye nokuhlela okuthuthukisiwe kokushintsha, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqinile kwemishini eyinkimbinkimbi emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-14-2025