Umehluko phakathi kwe-ceramics kanye ne-precision ceramics
Izinsimbi, izinto eziphilayo, kanye ne-ceramics kuhlangene kubizwa ngokuthi "izinto ezintathu ezinkulu".Igama elithi Ceramics kuthiwa lisuka ku-Keramos, igama lesiGreki elisho ubumba olubunjiwe.Ekuqaleni okubhekiselwa ku-ceramics, muva nje, igama elithi ceramics laqala ukusetshenziswa ukubhekisa ezintweni ezingezona ezensimbi nezingaphili ezihlanganisa izinto eziphikisayo, ingilazi, nosimende.Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezingenhla, i-ceramics manje ingachazwa ngokuthi "imikhiqizo esebenzisa izinto ezingezona ezensimbi noma ze-inorganic futhi ingaphansi kokwelashwa okuphakeme okushisa kwinqubo yokukhiqiza".
Phakathi kwezitsha zobumba, ukusebenza okuphezulu nokunemba okuphezulu kuyadingeka kuma-ceramics asetshenziselwa izinjongo zezimboni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nemboni yezogesi.Ngakho-ke, manje sezibizwa ngokuthi “izitsha zobumba ezinembile” ukuze ziqhathaniswe nezitsha zobumba ezivamile ezenziwe ngezinto zemvelo njengobumba nesilika.hlukanisa.Izitsha zobumba ezinhle ziyizitsha zobumba ezinemba okuphezulu ezikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa “impushana yezinto eluhlaza ekhethwe ngokuqinile noma ehlanganisiwe” “ngenqubo yokukhiqiza elawulwa ngokuqinile” kanye “nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali alungiswe kahle”.
Impahla nezindlela zokukhiqiza zihluka kakhulu
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kuma-ceramics zingamaminerali emvelo, futhi lawo asetshenziswa ezitsheni zobumba ezinembayo ziyizinto ezingavuthiwe ezihlanzwe kakhulu.
Imikhiqizo ye-Ceramic inezici zokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukufakwa kukagesi, njll. I-Ceramics, izinto eziphikisayo, ingilazi, usimende, i-ceramics enembile, njll yimikhiqizo yayo emele.Ngokwesisekelo salezi zakhiwo ezingenhla, izitsha zobumba ezicolekile zinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, zikagesi, zamehlo, zamakhemikhali, namakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, kanye nemisebenzi enamandla kakhudlwana.Njengamanje, izitsha zobumba ezinembayo zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengama-semiconductors, izimoto, ukuxhumana ngolwazi, imishini yezimboni, nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.Umehluko phakathi kwezitsha zobumba ezivamile ezifana nezitsha zobumba nezitsha zobumba ezicolisekileyo ikakhulukazi uncike ezintweni ezingavuthiwe nezindlela zazo zokukhiqiza.Izitsha zobumba zendabuko zenziwa ngokuxuba amaminerali emvelo njengetshe lodaka, i-feldspar, nobumba, bese zibunjwa futhi zizishise.Ngokuphambene, izitsha zobumba ezinhle zisebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo ezihlanzwe kakhulu, izinto zokwenziwa zokwenziwa ezihlanganiswe ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, nezinhlanganisela ezingekho emvelweni.Ngokwenza izinto zokusetshenziswa ezishiwo ngenhla, into enezinto ezidingekayo ingatholakala.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezilungisiwe zakhiwa zaba imikhiqizo ephezulu enenani elinembile ngokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nemisebenzi enamandla ngezinqubo zokucubungula ezilawulwa kahle ezifana nokubumba, ukudubula, nokugaya.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ceramics:
1. Izitsha zobumba & Ceramics
1.1 Izitsha zobumba
Isitsha esingacwebezeli esenziwe ngokuxova ubumba, silubumbe futhi silushise ekushiseni okuphansi (okungaba ngu-800°C).Lezi zihlanganisa izitsha zobumba zohlobo lwe-Jomon, izitsha zobumba zohlobo lwe-Yayoi, izinto ezavubukulwa eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseMpumalanga Eseduze ngo-6000 BC njalo njalo.Imikhiqizo esetshenziswa njengamanje ikakhulukazi amabhodwe ezimbali ansundu ngokubomvu, izitini ezibomvu, izitofu, izihlungi zamanzi, njll.
1.2 Izitsha zobumba
Ishiswa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu (1000-1250°C) kunezitsha zobumba, futhi imunca amanzi futhi iwumkhiqizo oshisiwe osetshenziswa ngemva kokucwebezela.Lezi zihlanganisa i-SUEKI, i-RAKUYAKI, i-Maiolica, i-Delftware, njll. Manje imikhiqizo esetshenziswa kabanzi ngokuyinhloko isethi yetiye, i-tableware, isethi yezimbali, amathayili nokunye.
1.3 I-porcelain
Umkhiqizo oshisiwe omhlophe oqina ngokugcwele ngemva kokwengeza i-silica ne-feldspar obumba oluhlanzeke kakhulu (noma itshe lodaka), ukuxuba, ukubumba, nokudubula.Kusetshenziswa ama-glazes anemibala.Yathuthukiswa ngesikhathi se-feudal (ikhulu lesi-7 nelesi-8) laseShayina njengoBukhosi BamaSui kanye noBukhosi bukaTang futhi yasakazekela emhlabeni wonke.Kukhona ikakhulukazi iJingdezhen, i-Arita ware, i-Seto ware nokunye.Imikhiqizo esetshenziswa kabanzi manje ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-tableware, insulators, ubuciko nemisebenzi yezandla, amathayili okuhlobisa nokunye.
2. Ama-Refractories
Ibunjwa futhi ixoshwe ezintweni ezingaboli emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.Isetshenziselwa ukwakha amaziko okuncibilikisa insimbi, ukwenza insimbi nokuncibilikisa ingilazi.
3. Ingilazi
Iqinile e-amorphous eyakhiwe ngokushisisa nokuncibilikisa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana ne-silica, i-limestone kanye nomlotha wesoda.
4. Usimende
Impushana etholwe ngokuxuba i-limestone ne-silica, i-calcining, nokwengeza i-gypsum.Ngemva kokwengeza amanzi, amatshe nesihlabathi kunamathela ndawonye ukuze kwenziwe ukhonkolo.
5. Precision Industrial Ceramic
Izitsha zobumba ezinhle ziyizitsha zobumba ezinemba okuphezulu ezikhiqizwa “ngokusebenzisa impushana yezinto eluhlaza ekhethiwe noma ehlanganisiwe, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali alungiswe kahle” + “inqubo yokukhiqiza elawulwa ngokuqinile”.Uma iqhathaniswa ne-ceramics yendabuko, inemisebenzi enamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene ezifana nama-semiconductors, izimoto, nemishini yezimboni.Izitsha zobumba ezinhle zazibizwa ngokuthi ama-ceramics amasha nezitsha ezithuthukisiwe okwesikhashana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-18-2022