Umehluko phakathi kwe-ceramics kanye ne-ceramics yokunemba

Umehluko phakathi kwe-ceramics kanye ne-ceramics yokunemba

Izinsimbi, izinto eziphilayo, nama-ceramics abizwa ngokuthi "izinto ezintathu ezinkulu". Igama elithi ceramics kuthiwa livela eKeramos, igama lesiGreki lobumba lixoshwe. Kuqale kwabhekiswa ku-ceramics, muva nje, igama elithi ceramics laqala ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kwezinto ezingezona zensimbi nangomunye ama-inorganic kufaka phakathi izinto zokuzenzakalelayo, ingilazi kanye nosimende. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezingenhla, ama-ceramics manje angachazwa ngokuthi "imikhiqizo esebenzisa izinto ezingezona zensimbi noma ezi-inorganic futhi zitholwa ngokwelashwa okushisa okuphezulu kwinqubo yokukhiqiza".

Phakathi kwama-ceramics, ukusebenza okuphezulu nokunemba okuphezulu kuyadingeka kuma-ceramics asetshenziswa ezinhlosweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni, kufaka phakathi imboni yezogesi. Ngakho-ke, manje sebebizwa ngokuthi "ubumba be-ceramics" ukuze kuqhathaniswe nobumba obujwayelekile obakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo ezinjengobumba no-silica. Hlukanisa. Ama-ceramics amahle ane-ceramics enengqondo ephezulu eyenzelwe ukusebenzisa "okukhethiwe noma okuhlanganisiwe noma okuhlanganisiwe kwe-powder eluhlaza" ngenqubo yokukhiqiza elawulwa ngokuqinile "kanye" nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okulungiselelwe kahle ".

Izinto zokusetshenziswa nezindlela zokukhiqiza ziyahlukahluka kakhulu
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswa kuma-ceramics zingamaminerali wemvelo, futhi lezo ezisetshenziswa ku-ceramics ngokunemba zihlanjululwa kakhulu izinto eziluhlaza ezihlanjululwe.

Imikhiqizo ye-Ceramic inezici zobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukufakwa kukagesi, njll. Ngokwesisekelo sezakhiwo ezingenhla, ubuciko be-ceramics abalungile banezinto ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, zikagesi, ezibonakalayo, zamakhemikhali, zamakhemikhali, namakhemikhali, kanye nemisebenzi enamandla kakhudlwana. Njengamanje, ama-ceramics okunemba asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana ne-semiconductors, izimoto, ukuxhumana kolwazi, imishini yezimboni, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa. Umehluko phakathi kwe-ceramics yendabuko enjenge-ceramics kanye nama-ceramics amahle ikakhulukazi kuya ngezinto ezingavuthiwe nezindlela zazo zokukhiqiza. I-ceramics yendabuko yenziwa ngokuxubana amaminerali wemvelo anjenge-dakastone, i-feldspar, nodaka, bese ebumba futhi ibadubule. Ngokuphambene, ama-ceramics amahle asebenzisa izinto ezihlanziwe zemvelo ezihlanjululwe kakhulu, izinto zokufakelwa ezivuthiwe ezihlanganiswe nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, kanye namakhompiyutha angenayo emvelweni. Ngokwenza izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezichazwe ngenhla, into enezinto ozifisayo zingatholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezilungiselelwe ezilungiselelwe zakhiwa zibe yimikhiqizo ephezulu eyengeziwe ngokunemba okuphezulu nemisebenzi enamandla ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokucubungula ezilawulwa ngokuqondile njengokubumba, ukudubula nokugaya.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-ceramics:

1. I-Pottery & Ceramics

1.1 ubumba

Isitsha esingagudluzwanga esenziwe ngokuxova ubumba, sibumba futhi sikudubula emazingeni okushisa aphansi (cishe ama-800 ° C). Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubumba lwe-jomon-stynare, i-yayoi-hlobo nobumba, izinto ezitholwe ezivela maphakathi neseduze nasempumalanga ngo-6000 BC nokunye. Imikhiqizo esetshenziswa njengamanje isetshenziswa kakhulu amabhodwe ansundu ansundu, izitini ezibomvu, izitofu, izihlungi zamanzi, njll.

1.2 Ubumba

Ixoshwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (1000-1250 ° C) kune-eburdware, futhi inomunwe wamanzi futhi ingumkhiqizo oshisiwe osetshenziswa ngemuva kokukhazimula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-SUEKI, Rakuyaki, Maiica, i-Delfware, njll. Manje imikhiqizo esetshenziswe kabanzi ikakhulukazi amasethi etiye, i-Tableware, amasethi wezimbali, amathayili nokunye.

I-1.3 porcelain

Umkhiqizo omhlophe odutshulwe oqinisekiswa ngokuphelele ngemuva kokungeza i-silica ne-feldspar kubumba oluhlanzekile (noma odabukeni), ukuxuba, ukubumba kanye nokudubula. Kusetshenziswa amakhazimula anemibala. Kwakhiwa ngesikhathi se-feudal (amakhulu ayisikhombisa nawesi-8) seChina njenge-Sui Dynasty kanye ne-Tang Dynasty futhi sasakazeka emhlabeni. Kukhona ikakhulukazi uJingdezhen, ware we-Arita, i-Seto ware nokunye. Imikhiqizo esetshenziswa kabanzi manje ifaka i-Tableware, ama-insulance, ubuciko kanye nobuciko, amathayili wokuhlobisa nokunye.

2. I-Refracties

Kubunjiwe futhi kwaxoshwa ngezinto zokwakha ezingawonakalisi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Isetshenziselwa ukwakha izinsiza zokushaya kwensimbi, ukwenziwa kwensimbi kanye nokuncibilika kwengilazi.

3. Ingilazi

Kuyisiqu esiqine esakhelwe ukufudumeza nokuncibilika izinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana ne-silica, i-limestone ne-soda ash.

4. Usimende

I-powder etholwe ngokuxuba i-limestone ne-silica, i-calcining, kanye nokungeza i-gypsum. Ngemuva kokungeza amanzi, amatshe nesihlabathi anamathele ndawonye ukwakha ukhonkolo.

5. Ukucacisa izimboni ze-ceramic

Ama-ceramics amahle ane-ceramics enengqondo ephezulu eyenziwe "ngokusebenzisa i-powder ekhethiwe noma esetshenzisiwe, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali alungiswe kahle" + "" Inqubo yokukhiqiza elawulwa ngokuqinile ". Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ceramics yendabuko, inemisebenzi enamandla kakhudlwana, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-semiconductors, izimoto kanye nemishini yezimboni. Ama-ceramics amahle abizwa ngokuthi ama-ceramics amasha kanye ne-ceramics athuthukile isikhashana.