Emasimini asezingeni eliphezulu njengokukhiqiza i-semiconductor kanye nokulinganisa ukunemba kwe-quantum, okuzwela kakhulu ezindaweni ze-electromagnetic, ngisho nokuphazamiseka okuncane kwe-electromagnetic emishinini kungabangela ukuphambuka kokunemba, okuthinta ikhwalithi yokugcina yomkhiqizo kanye nemiphumela yokuhlola. Njengengxenye ebalulekile esekela imishini yokunemba, izici zokuzwela kwe-magnetic zamapulatifomu okunemba kwe-granite sezibe yinto ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini. Ukuhlola okujulile kokusebenza kokuzwela kwe-magnetic kwamapulatifomu okunemba kwe-granite kusiza ekuqondeni inani lawo elingenakuphikwa ezimweni zokukhiqiza eziphezulu kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. I-Granite yakhiwe kakhulu ngamaminerali afana ne-quartz, i-feldspar kanye ne-mica. Isakhiwo se-elekthronikhi sala makristalu amaminerali sinquma izici zokuzwela kwe-magnetic ze-granite. Kusukela embonweni omncane, ngaphakathi kwamaminerali afana ne-quartz (SiO_2) kanye ne-feldspar (njenge-potassium feldspar (KAlSi_3O_8)), ama-electron akhona kakhulu ngamabili ngaphakathi kwezibopho ze-covalent noma ze-ionic. Ngokusho kwesimiso sokukhishwa kwe-Pauli ku-quantum mechanics, izikhombisi-ndlela zokujikeleza zama-electron abhangqiwe ziphambene, futhi izikhathi zawo zokuzwela ziyahlukana, okwenza impendulo iyonke yeminerali ensimini yamagnetic yangaphandle ibe buthakathaka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-granite iyinto ejwayelekile ye-diamagnetic enokuthambekela okuphansi kakhulu kwe-magnetic, ngokuvamile ezungeze i-oda lika-\(-10^{-5}\), okungacishe kunganakwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zensimbi, inzuzo yokuthambekela kokunamandla kwe-granite ibaluleke kakhulu. Izinto eziningi zensimbi ezifana nensimbi ziyizinto ze-ferromagnetic noma ze-paramagnetic, ezinenani elikhulu lama-electron angabhangqiwe ngaphakathi. Izikhathi ze-spin magnetic zala ma-electron zingahamba ngokushesha futhi zivumelane ngaphansi kwesenzo sensimu yamagnetic yangaphandle, okuholela ekuthambekeni kokunamandla kwezinto zensimbi okuphezulu njengo-oda luka-\(10^2-10^6\). Uma kunezibonakaliso ze-electromagnetic ezivela ngaphandle, izinto zensimbi zizohlangana kakhulu nensimu yamagnetic, zikhiqize ama-electromagnetic eddy currents kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-hysteresis, okuphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ngaphakathi kwemishini. Amapulatifomu okucacisa i-granite, ngokuthambekela kwawo okuphansi kakhulu kwe-magnetic, awasebenzisani kahle namasimu angaphandle e-magnetic, agwema ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic futhi adale indawo yokusebenza ezinzile yemishini yokucacisa. Ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo, isici sokuthambekela okuphansi kwe-magnetic samapulatifomu okucacisa i-granite sidlala indima ebalulekile. Ezinhlelweni zekhompyutha ze-quantum, ama-qubit aqhuba i-superconducting azwela kakhulu umsindo we-electromagnetic. Ngisho nokushintshashintsha kwe-magnetic field kwezinga le-1nT (nanotesla) kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuhambisana kwama-qubits, okuholela emaphutheni ekubaleni. Ngemva kokuba ithimba elithile locwaningo lishintshe ipulatifomu yokuhlola ngezinto ze-granite, umsindo we-magnetic field wangemuva ozungeze imishini wehla kakhulu kusuka ku-5nT kuya ngaphansi kuka-0.1nT. Isikhathi sokuhambisana sama-qubits sandiswa kathathu, kanti izinga lephutha lokusebenza lehliswa ngo-80%, okwandisa kakhulu ukuzinza nokunemba kwe-quantum computing. Emkhakheni wemishini ye-semiconductor lithography, umthombo wokukhanya we-ultraviolet owedlulele kanye nezinzwa zokunemba ngesikhathi senqubo ye-lithography zinezidingo eziqinile zemvelo ye-electromagnetic. Ngemva kokusebenzisa ipulatifomu yokunemba kwe-granite, imishini yamelana ngempumelelo nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic yangaphandle, futhi ukunemba kokubeka kwathuthukiswa kusuka ku-±10nm kuya ku-±3nm, okunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokukhiqizwa okuzinzile kwezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe ze-7nm nangaphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-microscope e-electron anembile kakhulu, imishini yokuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance yenuzi kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezizwela ezindaweni ze-electromagnetic, amapulatifomu okunemba kwe-granite nawo aqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ingenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yezici zayo eziphansi zokungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-magnetic. Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-granite okucishe kube yi-zero kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwemishini yokunemba ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubekela phambili ekuqondeni okuphezulu kanye nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, izidingo zokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic kwemishini ziya ngokuya ziba nzima. Amapulatifomu okunemba kwe-granite, ngale nzuzo eyingqayizivele, nakanjani azoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi olusezingeni eliphezulu, esiza imboni ukuthi ihlale idlula ezinkingeni zobuchwepheshe futhi ifinyelele amazinga amasha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-14-2025