Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor, imishini yokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo (i-AOI) idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yama-chip. Ngisho nokuthuthuka okuncane ekutholeni kwayo ngokunemba kungaletha ushintsho olukhulu embonini yonke. Isisekelo semishini, njengengxenye ebalulekile, sinomthelela omkhulu ekutholeni ngokunemba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inguquko ezintweni eziyisisekelo isakazeke embonini. I-Granite, ngokusebenza kwayo okuvelele kokucindezela kokudlidliza, kancane kancane ithathe indawo yezinto zensimbi ezivamile futhi yaba yintandokazi entsha yemishini yokuhlola ye-AOI. Ukusebenza kwayo ngokucindezela kokudlidliza kukhuphuke ngo-92% uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi ephonswe. Yikuphi ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinguquko embonini ezingemuva kwalolu lwazi?
Izidingo eziqinile zokudlidliza kwemishini yokuhlola ye-semiconductor AOI
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor chips isingene enkathini ye-nanoscale. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola i-AOI, ngisho nokudlidliza okuncane kakhulu kungabangela ukuphambuka emiphumeleni yokuhlola. Ukuklwebheka okuncane, ama-voids kanye nezinye iziphambeko ebusweni be-chip kuvame ukuba sezingeni le-micrometer noma ngisho ne-nanometer. Amalensi okukhanya emishini yokuthola kudingeka abambe le mininingwane ngokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu. Noma yikuphi ukudlidliza okudluliselwa yisisekelo kuzokwenza ilensi ishintshe noma inyakaze, okuholela ekutholakaleni kwesithombe esifiphele futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba kokuqashelwa kweziphambeko.
Izinto zensimbi ephothiwe zazisetshenziswa kabanzi ezisekelweni zemishini yokuhlola ye-AOI ngoba zinamandla athile kanye nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula, futhi izindleko ziphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, maqondana nokucindezela kokudlidliza, insimbi ephothiwe inezinkinga ezisobala. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sensimbi ephothiwe siqukethe inani elikhulu lamashidi e-graphite, alingana nezimbobo ezincane ngaphakathi futhi aphazamisa ukuqhubeka kwezinto. Lapho imishini isebenza futhi ikhiqiza ukudlidliza, noma iphazanyiswa ukudlidliza kwemvelo kwangaphandle, amandla okudlidliza awakwazi ukuncishiswa ngempumelelo ensimbini ephothiwe kodwa ahlala ebonakaliswa futhi ebekwe phakathi kweshidi le-graphite kanye ne-matrix, okuholela ekusabalaleni okuqhubekayo kokudlidliza. Ukuhlolwa okufanele kukhombisa ukuthi ngemva kokuba isisekelo sensimbi ephothiwe sivuselelwe ukudlidliza kwangaphandle, isikhathi sokunciphisa ukudlidliza singahlala imizuzwana embalwa, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekunembeni kokuthola phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-modulus elastic yensimbi ephothiwe iphansi kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sesikhathi eside sokudonsa amandla kagesi kanye nokucindezeleka kokudlidliza, ithambekele ekuguqukeni, okuqinisa kakhulu ukudluliswa kokudlidliza.
Imfihlo ngemuva kokwanda okungu-92% ekusebenzeni kahle kokucindezela ukudlidliza kwezisekelo ze-granite
I-Granite, njengohlobo lwetshe lemvelo, yakhe isakhiwo sangaphakathi esiminyene kakhulu nesifanayo ngezinqubo ze-geological eminyakeni engamakhulu ezigidi. Yakhiwe kakhulu ngamakristalu amaminerali njenge-quartz ne-feldspar ahlanganiswe eduze, futhi izibopho zamakhemikhali phakathi kwamakristalu ziqinile futhi zizinzile. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza i-granite ikhono elivelele lokucindezela ukudlidliza. Lapho ukudlidliza kudluliselwa esisekelweni se-granite, amakristalu amaminerali angaphakathi angaguqula ngokushesha amandla okudlidliza abe amandla okushisa futhi awachithe. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukuminyana kwe-granite kuphakeme kaningana kunokwensimbi ephonswe, okusho ukuthi ingamunca amandla okudlidliza ngempumelelo enkulu, inciphise ubukhulu kanye nobude bokudlidliza. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kobungcweti, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokudlidliza, isikhathi sokunciphisa ukudlidliza kwesisekelo se-granite singama-8% kuphela aleso sensimbi ephonswe, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokucindezela ukudlidliza kukhuphuke ngo-92%.
Ukuqina okuphezulu kanye ne-modulus ephezulu ye-granite nakho kunegalelo elikhulu. Ukuqina okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isisekelo cishe asikwazi ukukhubazeka lapho sithwala isisindo semishini kanye nemithelela yamandla angaphandle, futhi kuhlala kugcina isimo sokusekela esizinzile. I-modulus ephezulu ye-elastic iqinisekisa ukuthi isisekelo singabuyela ngokushesha esimweni saso sokuqala lapho sidlidliza, okunciphisa ukuqongelela kokudlidliza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-granite inokuqina okuhle kakhulu kokushisa futhi cishe ayithinteki yizinguquko ekushiseni kwemvelo, igwema ukwanda kokushisa kanye nokuguquguquka kokubhidliza okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuzinza kokusebenza kokucindezela ukudlidliza.
Ukuguqulwa Kwemboni Namathemba Alethwe yizisekelo ze-granite
Imishini yokuhlola ye-AOI enesisekelo se-granite ithuthukise kakhulu ukunemba kwayo kokuthola. Ingabona ngokuthembekile amaphutha kuma-chip amancane, inciphise izinga lokwahlulela kabi libe ngaphakathi kuka-1% futhi ithuthukise kakhulu izinga lokukhiqiza ama-chip. Okwamanje, ukuzinza kwemishini kuthuthukisiwe, kunciphisa inani lokuvalwa kokulungiswa okubangelwa izinkinga zokudlidliza, kwandise impilo yesevisi yemishini, futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zizonke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-14-2025