Izitimela zokuqondisa zemabula ziyibufakazi bendlela izinqubo zemvelo ze-geological ezingasetshenziswa ngayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubunjiniyela obunembile. Njengoba zakhiwe ngamaminerali afana ne-plagioclase, i-olivine, ne-biotite, lezi zingxenye zidlula izigidi zeminyaka yokuguga kwemvelo ngaphansi komhlaba, okuholela ezintweni eziqinile kakhulu. Ukukhanya kwazo okumnyama okuhlukile kanye nokuthungwa okufanayo akugcini nje ngokujabulisa ubuhle—ziyizinkomba ezibonakalayo zokuqina kwangaphakathi okwenza lezi zitimela zibe yinto ebalulekile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ngokunemba.
Emsebenzini wazo oyinhloko, imisele yokuqondisa yemabula isebenza izindima ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukusekela izingxenye zemishini esindayo ngenkathi igcina izindlela eziqondile zokuhamba. Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke, le misele iqinisekisa ngokuthula ukuthi amathuluzi okusika, amadivayisi okulinganisa, namarobhothi okuhlanganisa ahamba ngokunemba kwezinga le-micron ngisho nangaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene. Okwenza lokhu kusebenza kuphawuleke ukuthi kuvela kanjani ezimpahleni zangempela zezinto kunokuba kube yizinhlelo zokunciphisa imishini eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Izidingo zomklamo walezi zingxenye zezimboni zibonisa amashumi eminyaka okuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela. Ukunemba kokuqondisa kusalokhu kubaluleke kakhulu—ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza kwanamuhla kudinga ukuthi izingxenye ezihambayo zigcine ukunemba ngaphakathi kwengxenye eyodwa yesentimitha ubude besitimela sonke. Lokhu kunemba kumele kuqhubeke nokusebenza okuqhubekayo, yingakho ukumelana nokuguguleka kuthola ukunakwa okucophelelayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqeda. Onjiniyela bathuthukisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu ngokupholisha okulawulwayo ngenkathi beqinisekisa ukuthungwa okuncane kukhuthaza ukugcinwa kokugcoba okuqhubekayo.
Ukuzinza kwemvelo kuletha enye inselele yobunjiniyela exazululwa kahle kakhulu yizinsika zemabula. Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela zensimbi ezikhula kakhulu ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukwakheka kwamaminerali kwemabula kunikeza i-inertia yemvelo yokushisa. Lesi sici sibonakala sibalulekile ezindaweni lapho izinqubo zomshini zikhiqiza ukushisa kwendawo noma izinguquko zesimo sezulu zesizini zithinta izimo zezulu. Ngokufanayo, ukuqina kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuqeda isidingo sezakhiwo ezisekelayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba ingxenye eyodwa yesitimela ingamelana nemithwalo emikhulu ngaphandle kokuphambuka.
Izinto ezicatshangelwayo zokukhiqiza zilinganisela lezi zidingo zokusebenza nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezingokoqobo. Ngenkathi izinto zokusetshenziswa zidinga imishini yokusika ekhethekile, ukufana kwemvelo kwemabula kuvumela imiphumela yokugaya ehambisanayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Izinqubo zokuhlanganisa ziyazuza ekuzinzeni kobukhulu bezinto—uma sezigayiwe ngokunemba, imigqa yemabula igcina ubukhulu bayo obulinganisiwe kuyo yonke impilo yayo yokusebenza, ngokungafani nezinye izinsimbi ezingadinga ukulungiswa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zingxenye zamatshe eziklanywe ngobunjiniyela kuhlanganisa izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Ezimbonini zokukhiqiza izimoto, ziqondisa izingalo zokushisela zamarobhothi ngokunemba okuqinile. Izikhungo ze-Petrochemical ziyazisa ukumelana kwazo nokugqwala lapho zibeka imishini yokulinganisa ezindaweni ezinzima. Izitshalo zokukhiqiza ugesi zithembele ekuzinzeni kwazo ukuze zihlanganiswe futhi zigcinwe kahle. Ngisho nasekukhiqizweni kwezindwangu, imigqa yemabula iqinisekisa ukucindezeleka kwendwangu okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokulukwa.
Okuhlukanisa ngempela imisele yokuqondisa yemabula ezintweni ezihlukile ukuthi ihlanganisa kanjani ukuhlangana kokuzinza kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nokunemba kobunjiniyela. Isitimela ngasinye siphethe izigidi zeminyaka yokwakheka kwemvelo, sihlungiwe ngamasu okukhiqiza esimanje ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza kwekhulu lama-21. Njengoba ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza kuqhubeka nokuncipha kanye nemithethonqubo yezemvelo ikhula ngokuqinile, izakhiwo ezihlukile zalezi zingxenye zemvelo zamatshe zibeka njengesixazululo esiqhubekayo sokulawula ukunyakaza okunembile esihlanganisa izinqubo zasendulo zezakhi zofuzo nezicelo zezimboni ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Kwabonjiniyela kanye nabaphathi bezikhungo abahlola izixazululo zokulawula ukunyakaza, imigwaqo yokuqondisa yemabula inikeza inhlanganisela ekhangayo yezimfanelo zokusebenza okunzima ukuzifanisa nezinye izindlela zokwenziwa. Amandla abo okugcina ukunemba phakathi namashumi eminyaka yesevisi, ukumelana nokuwohloka kwemvelo, nokusebenza ngaphandle kwezindlela zokulungisa eziyinkimbinkimbi kubenza babe ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ngokunemba emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokucindezela imingcele yalokho okungenzeka kubunjiniyela bokunemba, lezi zingxenye zamatshe emvelo ngokungangabazeki zizohlala ziphambili ekusungulweni kwemishini.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-06-2025