Emishinini yokulawula izinombolo ye-CNC, yize izakhiwo zomzimba ze-granite zinikeza isisekelo sokucubungula okunembe kakhulu, ukushiyeka kwayo okungokwemvelo kungaba nemiphumela eminingi ekunembeni kokucubungula, okubonakala ngokucacile kanje:
1. Amaphutha ebusweni ekucutshungulweni okubangelwa ukuphuka kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukuphuka kwe-granite (amandla aphezulu okucindezela kodwa amandla aphansi okuguquguquka, ngokuvamile amandla okuguquguquka angu-1/10 kuya ku-1/20 kuphela wamandla okucindezela) kwenza kube lula ukubhekana nezinkinga ezifana nokuqhekeka komphetho kanye nokuqhekeka okuncane komhlabathi ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Amaphutha amancane athinta ukudluliselwa kokunemba: Lapho kwenziwa ukugaya noma ukugaya ngokunemba okuphezulu, imifantu emincane ezindaweni zokuthintana namathuluzi ingakha izindawo ezingajwayelekile, okubangela ukuthi amaphutha okuqondile kwezingxenye ezibalulekile njengemijikelezo yokuqondisa kanye namatafula okusebenzela akhule (isibonelo, ukuthamba kuyawohloka kusukela ku-±1μm/m efanele kuya ku-±3~5μm/m). La maphutha amancane azodluliselwa ngqo ezingxenyeni ezicutshungulwayo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokucubungula ezifana nezingxenye zokukhanya eziqondile kanye nezithwali ze-semiconductor wafer, okungaholela ekwandeni kokungalungi kobuso bento yokusebenza (Inani likaRa liyakhuphuka kusuka ku-0.1μm kuya ngaphezu kuka-0.5μm), okuthinta ukusebenza kokukhanya noma ukusebenza kwedivayisi.
Ingozi yokuphuka okungazelelwe ekucutshungulweni okuguquguqukayo: Ezimweni zokusika ngesivinini esikhulu (njengejubane le-spindle > 15,000 r/min) noma izinga lokuphakela > 20m/min, izingxenye ze-granite zingase zithole ukuqhekeka kwendawo ngenxa yamandla okushaya ngokushesha. Isibonelo, lapho umbhangqwana wesitimela esiqondisayo ushintsha isiqondiso ngokushesha, ukuqhekeka komphetho kungabangela ukuthi umzila wokunyakaza uphambuke endleleni yethiyori, okuholela ekwehleni okungazelelwe kokunemba kokubeka (iphutha lokubeka liyakhula kusuka ku-±2μm kuya ngaphezu kuka-±10μm), futhi kuholele nasekushayweni kwamathuluzi.
Okwesibili, ukulahleka kokunemba okuguquguqukayo okubangelwa ukuphikisana phakathi kwesisindo nokuqina
Isakhiwo se-granite esinobukhulu obuphezulu (esinobukhulu obungaba ngu-2.6 kuya ku-3.0g/cm³) singacindezela ukudlidliza, kodwa futhi kuletha izinkinga ezilandelayo:
Amandla angasebenzi kahle abangela ukubambezeleka kwempendulo ye-servo: Amandla angasebenzi kahle akhiqizwa imibhede yegranite esindayo (njengemibhede emikhulu yemishini ye-gantry engasinda amashumi amatani) ngesikhathi sokusheshisa kanye nokwehla kwejubane aphoqelela imoto ye-servo ukuthi ikhiphe i-torque enkulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwephutha lokulandelela i-loop yesikhundla. Isibonelo, ezinhlelweni zesivinini esikhulu eziqhutshwa ama-linear motors, kukho konke ukwanda kwesisindo okungu-10%, ukunemba kokubeka kungancipha ngo-5% kuya ku-8%. Ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokucubungula i-nanoscale, lokhu kubambezeleka kungaholela emaphutheni okucubungula ama-contour (njengokuphutha kokuzungeza okwandayo kusuka ku-50nm kuya ku-200nm ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwendilinga).
Ukuqina okunganele kubangela ukudlidliza okuphansi: Nakuba i-granite inomswakama ophezulu ongokwemvelo, i-modulus yayo enwebekayo (cishe i-60 kuya ku-120GPa) iphansi kuneyensimbi ephothiwe. Uma ithwalwa yimithwalo eshintshanayo (njengokushintshashintsha kwamandla okusika ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukuxhumana kwe-multi-axis), ukuqongelela kwe-micro-deformation kungenzeka. Isibonelo, engxenyeni yekhanda lokujika yesikhungo somshini we-five-axis machining, ukuguquguquka okuncane kwesisekelo se-granite kungabangela ukunemba kokubeka kwe-angular kwe-rotation axis ukuthi kukhukhuleke (njengephutha lokukhomba elikhula kusuka ku-±5" kuya ku-±15"), okuthinta ukunemba komshini wezindawo ezigobile eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Iii. Ukulinganiselwa Kokuzinza Kokushisa Nokuzwela Kwemvelo
Nakuba i-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kwe-granite (cishe 5 kuya ku-9×10⁻⁶/℃) iphansi kuneyensimbi ephonswe, ingase ibangele amaphutha ekucutshungulweni ngokunemba:
Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kubangela ukuguquka kwesakhiwo: Uma imishini isebenza isikhathi eside, imithombo yokushisa efana ne-main shaft motor kanye ne-guide rail lubrication system ingabangela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ezingxenyeni ze-granite. Isibonelo, lapho umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwezindawo eziphezulu nezingezansi zetafula lokusebenza ungu-2℃, kungabangela ukuguquguquka okuphakathi nendawo noma okuphakathi nendawo (ukuguquka kungafinyelela ku-10 kuya ku-20μm), okuholela ekwehlulekeni kokuthamba kwe-workpiece clamping futhi kuthinte ukunemba kokulinganisa kokugaya noma ukugaya (njengokubekezelela ubukhulu bezingxenye zepuleti eliyisicaba ezidlula ±5μm kuya ku-±20μm).
Umswakama wendawo ubangela ukwanda okuncane: Nakuba izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi e-granite (0.1% kuya ku-0.5%) liphansi, uma lisetshenziswa isikhathi eside endaweni enomswakama ophezulu, inani elincane lokumuncwa kwamanzi lingaholela ekwandeni kwe-lattice, okubangela izinguquko ekungeneni kwe-pair ye-guide rail. Isibonelo, lapho umswakama ukhuphuka kusuka ku-40% RH kuya ku-70% RH, ubukhulu obuqondile be-granite guide rail bungakhuphuka ngo-0.005 kuya ku-0.01mm/m, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukushelela kokunyakaza kwe-sliding guide rail kanye nokuvela kwento "yokukhasa", ethinta ukunemba kokudla kwezinga le-micron.
Iv. Imiphumela Eqongelelekayo Yamaphutha Okucubungula Nokuhlanganisa
Ubunzima bokucubungula i-granite buphezulu (budinga amathuluzi akhethekile edayimane, kanti ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kuyi-1/3 kuya ku-1/2 kuphela kwezinto zensimbi), okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokunemba enqubweni yokuhlanganisa:
Ukucubungula iphutha lokudlulisa izindawo zokuzalela: Uma kukhona ukuphambuka kokucubungula (njengokuba yisicaba > 5μm, iphutha lokuhlukanisa imbobo > 10μm) ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile njengobuso bokufakwa kwesitimela sokuqondisa kanye nezimbobo zokusekela isikulufu se-lead, kuzobangela ukuphambuka kwesitimela sokuqondisa esiqondile ngemva kokufakwa, ukulayisha okungalingani kwesikulufu sebhola, futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekuwohlokeni kokunemba kokunyakaza. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukuxhumana kwe-three-axis, iphutha lokuma elibangelwa ukuphambuka kwesitimela sokuqondisa lingandisa iphutha lobude obuqondile bekhiyubhu kusukela ku-±10μm kuya ku-±50μm.
Igebe lokuxhumana lesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe: Izingxenye ze-granite zemishini emikhulu zivame ukusebenzisa amasu okuhlanganisa (njengokuhlanganisa imibhede enezingxenye eziningi). Uma kukhona amaphutha amancane e-angular (> 10") noma ubulukhuni bomphezulu > Ra0.8μm ebusweni bokuhlanganisa, ukugxila kokucindezeleka noma izikhala kungenzeka ngemva kokuhlanganiswa. Ngaphansi komthwalo wesikhathi eside, kungaholela ekuphumuleni kwesakhiwo futhi kubangele ukuzulazula kokunemba (njengokwehla kuka-2 kuya ku-5μm ekunembileni kokubeka unyaka ngamunye).
Isifinyezo kanye nogqozi lokubhekana nesimo
Ububi be-granite bunomthelela ocashile, oqongelelekayo futhi ozwela imvelo ekunembileni kwemishini ye-CNC, futhi kudinga ukuxazululwa ngendlela ehlelekile ngezindlela ezifana nokuguqulwa kwezinto (njengokufakwa kwe-resin ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina), ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo (njengezinhlaka ezihlanganisiwe ze-metal-granite), ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukushisa (njengokupholisa amanzi e-microchannel), kanye nesinxephezelo esinamandla (njengokulinganiswa kwesikhathi sangempela nge-laser interferometer). Emkhakheni wokucubungula ngokunemba kwe-nanoscale, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhuba ukulawula kwe-full-chain kusukela ekukhetheni izinto, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kuya ohlelweni lonke lomshini ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izinzuzo zokusebenza kwe-granite ngenkathi kugwenywa amaphutha ayo angokwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-24-2025