Kumishini yokulawula izinombolo ye-CNC, nakuba izici ezibonakalayo zegwadle zinikeza isisekelo sokucutshungulwa okunembayo okuphezulu, izithiyo zayo ezingokwemvelo zingaba nemithelela enezinhlangothi eziningi ekucubunguleni ukunemba, okubonakala ngokucacile ngale ndlela elandelayo:
1. Ukonakala kwendawo ekucutshungulweni okubangelwa ukonakala kwezinto
Imvelo eyi-brittle ye-granite (amandla acindezelayo aphezulu kodwa amandla aphansi aguquguqukayo, ngokuvamile amandla aguquguqukayo kuphela i-1/10 kuya ku-1/20 yamandla okucindezela) yenza kube lula ezinkingeni ezifana nokuqhekeka konqenqema kanye nama-microcracks angaphezulu ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Amaphutha amancane kakhulu athinta ukudluliswa okunembayo: Uma kwenziwa ukugaya okunembayo okuphezulu noma ukugaywa, ukuqhekeka okuncane ezindaweni zokuthintana zethuluzi kungakha izindawo ezingavamile, okubangela amaphutha okuqondisa ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile ezifana namalayili aqondisayo namathebula okusebenza ukuthi ande (isibonelo, ukucaba kuyawohloka ukusuka kokufanelekile ±1μm/m kuya ku-±3~5μm/m). Lezi zinkinga ezincane kakhulu zizodluliselwa ngokuqondile ezingxenyeni ezicutshunguliwe, ikakhulukazi ekucubunguleni izimo ezifana nezingxenye ze-optical ezinembayo kanye nabathwali be-wafer ye-semiconductor, okungase kuholele ekwenyukeni kokuqina kwendawo yokusebenza (inani lika-Ra likhuphuka lisuka ku-0.1μm liye ngaphezu kuka-0.5μm), okuthinta ukusebenza kokubona noma ukusebenza kwedivayisi.
Ingozi yokuphuka kungazelelwe ekucutshungulweni okuguquguqukayo: Ezimeni zokusika ngesivinini esikhulu (njengesivinini sokuphotha > 15,000 r/min) noma isilinganiso sokuphakelayo > 20m/min, izingxenye zegwadle zingase zibe nokuhlukana kwendawo ngenxa yamandla omphumela osheshayo. Isibonelo, lapho ipheya yesitimela esiqondisayo ishintsha indlela ngokushesha, ukuqhekeka konqenqema kungabangela umzila ohambayo ukuthi uchezuke endleleni yetiyori, okuholela ekwehleni okungazelelwe kokunemba kokuma (iphutha lokuma liyakhula lisuka ku-±2μm ukuya ngaphezu kuka-±10μm), futhi liholele ngisho nasekushayisaneni kwamathuluzi nokuklwebheka.
Okwesibili, ukulahlekelwa kokunemba okunamandla okubangelwa ukuphikisana phakathi kwesisindo nokuqina
Isakhiwo segwadle (enokuminyana okungaba ngu-2.6 kuye ku-3.0g/cm³) singacindezela ukudlidliza, kodwa futhi iletha izinkinga ezilandelayo:
Amandla angenasici abangela ukusabela kokusabela kwe-servo: Amandla angasebenzi akhiqizwa imibhede yegwadle esindayo (njengemibhede emikhulu yemishini ye-gantry engaba nesisindo samathani angamashumi) ngesikhathi sokusheshisa nokuncipha kwesivinini kuphoqa injini ye-servo ukuthi ikhiphe itorque enkulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwephutha lokulandela iluphu yesikhundla. Isibonelo, ezinhlelweni ezinesivinini esikhulu ezishayelwa amamotho alayini, kukho konke ukukhuphuka kwesisindo ngo-10%, ukunemba kokuma kungase kwehle ngo-5% kuya ku-8%. Ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokucubungula i-nanoscale, lokhu kubambezeleka kungaholela emaphutheni okucubungula i-contour (njengephutha lokuyindilinga elikhuphuka lisuka ku-50nm liye ku-200nm ngesikhathi sokuhumusha okuyindilinga).
Ukungaqini okwanele kubangela ukudlidliza kwefrikhwensi ephansi: Nakuba igwadule linomswakama ophezulu wemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa, imodulus yayo enwebekayo (cishe 60 kuya ku-120GPa) iphansi kunaleyo yensimbi ekhonjiwe. Uma ingaphansi kwemithwalo eshintshanayo (njengokushintshashintsha kwamandla okusika ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kokuxhumanisa kwama-eksisi amaningi), ukunqwabelana kwe-micro-deformation kungenzeka. Isibonelo, engxenyeni yekhanda elijikayo lesikhungo somshini esinama-eksisi amahlanu, ukuwohloka okuncane okunwebekayo kwesisekelo segwadle kungabangela ukunemba kokuma kwe-angular kwe-eksisi yokuzungezisa ukuthi inkungu (njengephutha lenkomba elikhula ukusuka ku-±5" ukuya ku-±15"), kuthinte ukunemba komshini wezindawo ezigobile eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Iii. Imikhawulo Yokuqina Kokushisa kanye Nokuzwela Kwemvelo
Nakuba i-coefficient yokunwetshwa okushisayo kwegwadle (cishe u-5 ukuya ku-9×10⁻⁶/℃) iphansi kunaleyo yensimbi ecijile, isengadala amaphutha ekucubunguleni ukunemba:
Ama-gradients okushisa abangela ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo: Uma okokusebenza kusebenza ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, imithombo yokushisa njenge-main shaft motor kanye ne-guide rail lubrication system ingabangela ama-gradients okushisa ezingxenyeni ze-granite. Isibonelo, lapho umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwezindawo ezingaphezulu neziphansi ze-worktable ingu-2 ℃, kungase kubangele ukuwohloka kwamaphakathi kwe-convex noma phakathi kwe-concave (ukuchezuka kungafinyelela ku-10 kuye ku-20μm), okuholela ekwehlulekeni kokucaba kokugoqa kwe-workpiece futhi kuthinte ukunemba kokuhambisana kokugaya noma ukugaya izingxenye zepuleti μ ukudlula ± izingxenye eziyisicaba. ±20μm).
Umswakama wendawo ubangela ukwanda kancane: Nakuba izinga lokumunca amanzi egwadle (0.1% kuya ku-0.5%) liphansi, uma lisetshenziswa isikhathi eside endaweni enomswakama ophezulu, inani elincane lokumuncwa kwamanzi lingaholela ekwandeni kwe-lattice, okubuye kubangele izinguquko ekuvunyelweni okufanelekile kwepheya likamzila wesitimela. Isibonelo, uma umswakamo ukhuphuka usuka ku-40% RH uye ku-70% RH, ubukhulu bomugqa wesitimela somhlahlandlela wegranite bungakhuphuka ngo-0.005 ukuya ku-0.01mm/m, okuholela ekwehleni kokushelela kokuhamba kukaloliwe oslayidayo kanye nokwenzeka "kokukhasa" okuthinta i-accuracy.
Iv. Imithelela Enqwabelene Yokucubungula kanye Namaphutha Omhlangano
Ubunzima bokucubungula i-granite buphezulu (okudinga amathuluzi edayimane akhethekile, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kungu-1/3 kuya ku-1/2 kuphela yezinto zensimbi), okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokunemba enqubweni yokuhlanganisa:
Ukucubungula ukudluliswa kwephutha kwezindawo zokukhwelana: Uma kukhona ukuchezuka kokucubungula (okufana nokucaba > 5μm, iphutha lezikhala zembobo > 10μm) ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile ezifana nendawo yokufaka umzila wesitimela nezimbobo zokusekela isikulufu somthofu, kuzodala ukuhlanekezela kwesitimela somugqa womugqa ngemva kokufakwa, ukulayishwa kusengaphambili okungalingani kwesikulufu sebhola, futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekuwohlokeni kokunyakaza. Isibonelo, phakathi nokucutshungulwa kokuxhuma kwama-eksisi amathathu, iphutha lokuma elibangelwa ukuhlanekezelwa kwesitimela somhlahlandlela linganweba iphutha lobude be-diagonal wekhiyubhu ukusuka ku-±10μm ukuya ku-±50μm.
Igebe lesixhumi esibonakalayo sesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe: Izingxenye zegranite zemishini emikhulu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amasu okuhlanganisa (njengokuhlanganisa umbhede wezigaba eziningi). Uma kukhona amaphutha amancane ama-angular (> 10") noma ubulukhuni bobuso > I-Ra0.8μm endaweni ehlanganisayo, ukugxilisa ingqondo noma izikhala kungase kwenzeke ngemva kokuhlanganiswa. Ngaphansi komthwalo wesikhathi eside, kungase kuholele ekuxegisweni kwesakhiwo futhi kubangele ukunemba kokunemba (njengokuncipha kokungu-2 kuya ku-5μm ekumiseni ukunemba unyaka ngamunye).
Isifinyezo kanye nezikhuthazo zokubhekana nazo
Ukungalungi kwegwadle kunomthelela ofihlekile, oqongelelekayo kanye nozwela ngokwemvelo ekunembeni kwemishini ye-CNC, futhi udinga ukusingathwa ngendlela ehlelekile ngezindlela ezifana nokuguqulwa kwezinto (njengokufakwa kwe-resin ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina), ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo (njengamafreyimu ayinhlanganisela yensimbi-granite), ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa amanzi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokupholisa amanzi ukulinganisa kwesikhathi sangempela nge-laser interferometer). Emkhakheni wokucubungula ukunemba kwe-nanoscale, kudingekile nakakhulu ukuphatha uchungechunge olugcwele kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukucubungula ubuchwepheshe kuya kulo lonke uhlelo lomshini ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izinzuzo zokusebenza zegwadle kuyilapho ugwema ukukhubazeka kwayo okungokwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-24-2025