Kuyini ukuxhumanisa umshini wokulinganisa?

Ahlela umshini wokulinganisa(CMM) iyithuluzi elilinganisa i-geometry yezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuzwa amaphuzu okuhlasela ebusweni bento enophenyo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-CROVE zisetshenziswa kuma-CMMS, kufaka phakathi imishini, i-Optical, Laser, nokukhanya okumhlophe. Ngokuya ngomshini, isikhundla se-ProBE singalawulwa ngesandla ngu-opharetha noma kungaba yikhompyutha elawulwa. I-CMMS Ngokuvamile ichaza isikhundla se-ProBE ngokuya ngokufuduka kwayo okuvela endaweni eyinkomba ngohlelo lokuxhumanisa olunemikhawulo emithathu (ie, nge-XYZ AXES). Ngaphezu kokuhambisa uProbe eceleni kwe-X, y, kanye nama-z axes, imishini eminingi nayo ivumela ukuthi i-angle engela ukuthi ilawulwe ukuvumela ukulinganisa kwezindawo ezingafinyeleleki.

I-Bridge "ejwayelekile ye-3D" i-CMM ivumela ukunyakaza kwe-Probe kumazembe ama-3, x, y no-z, okuyi-orthogononal komunye nomunye ohlelweni oluhle lweCartesian Cornimall System. I-eksisi ngayinye inezinzwa eziqapha isikhundla se-probe kuleso sakhiwo, ngokuvamile ngokunemba kwe-micromemeter. Lapho othintana nabo (noma bathola ngenye indlela) indawo ethile entweni, umshini usampula izinzwa ezintathu zesikhundla, ngaleyo ndlela ulinganise indawo yephuzu elilodwa endaweni ethathiwe. Le nqubo iyaphindwa njengoba kunesidingo, ishukumise i-probe isikhathi ngasinye, ukukhiqiza i- "Point Cloud" echaza izindawo ezithakazelayo.

Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwama-CMMS kusezinqumweni zokukhiqiza nezinqubo zomhlangano ukuvivinya ingxenye noma umhlangano ngokumelene nenhloso yokuqamba. Kulezi zinhlelo, kwakhiqizwa amafu we-Point okuhlaziywa ngama-algorithms akwaRegression wokwakhiwa kwezici. Lawa maphuzu aqoqwa ngokusebenzisa uphenyo ohlelwe ngesandla ngo-opharetha noma ngokuzenzakalela ngokulawula okuqondile kwekhompyutha (DCC). I-DCC CMMS ingahlelelwa kaningi ukukala izingxenye ezifanayo; Ngakho-ke i-CMM ezenzakalelayo iyindlela ekhethekile yerobhothi lezimboni.

Izingxenye

Imishini yokulinganisa-ukulinganisa ifaka phakathi izingxenye ezintathu eziphambili:

• Isakhiwo esikhulu esihlanganisa izembe ezintathu zokunyakaza. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha uhlaka oluhambayo ziye zahlukahluka eminyakeni edlule. I-Granite nensimbi kwakusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwe-CMM. Namuhla bonke abakhiqizi abakhulu be-CMM bakha amafreyimu avela ku-aluminium alloy noma okuthile okusele futhi asebenzise ubumbano ukuze bandise ukuqina kwe-axis ye-Z ukuze kuthwetshulwe izinhlelo zokusebenza. Bambalwa abakhi be-CMM namhlanje basakha uhlaka lwe-granite cmm ngenxa yesidingo semakethe sokukhiqizwa kweMetrology okuthuthukile kanye nokwandisa umkhuba ukufaka i-CMM ngaphandle kwelebhu yekhwalithi. Imvamisa kuphela abakhi bevolumu be-CMM ephansi kanye nabakhiqizi basekhaya eChina naseNdiya basakha ama-CRANITE CMM ngenxa yezobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kanye nokungena okulula ukuze ube ngumakhi wefreyimu ophansi. Umkhuba okhulayo wokuskena futhi udinga i-axis ye-cmm ye-z ukuze i-stiffer kanye nezinto ezintsha zethulwe njenge-ceramic ne-silicon carbide.
• Ukuhlola uhlelo
• Ukuqoqwa kwedatha kanye nohlelo lokunciphisa - ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi isilawuli somshini, isoftware ye-Desktop ne-software yesicelo.

Ukutholakala

Le mishini ingaba mahhala, igcinwe ngesandla futhi iyaphatheka.

Ukuqonda nqo

Ukunemba kwemishini yokulinganisa imishini ngokuvamile kunikezwa njengento engenakuqhathaniswa njengokwenza umsebenzi kude. Ukuze uthole i-CMM usebenzisa i-Thinta Probe, lokhu kuhlobana nokuphindaphindwa kwe-probe nokunemba kwesikali solayini. Ukuphindaphinda okujwayelekile kungaholela ekutheni izilinganiso ezingaphakathi .001mm noma .00005 inch (isigamu seshumi) yonke ivolumu yokulinganisa. Okwemishini emi-3, 3 + 2, kanye ne-5 axis machine, ama-Conforms alinganiselwe kusetshenziswa amazinga atholakalayo futhi ukunyakaza komshini kuqinisekiswa kusetshenziswa ama-gauges ukuqinisekisa ukunemba.

Izingxenye ezithile

Umzimba womshini

I-CMM yokuqala yathuthukiswa yinkampani ye-Ferranti yeScotland ngeminyaka yo-1950s ngenxa yesidingo esiqondile sokulinganisa izinto eziqondile emikhiqizweni yazo yezempi, yize lomshini unezimbazo ezi-2 kuphela. Amamodeli okuqala ama-axis amathathu aqala ukuvela ngawo-1960s (DEA we-Italy) kanye nokulawulwa kwekhompyutha okuxoshwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970 kodwa kwakhiwa i-CMM yokuqala ye-CMM futhi yathengiswa ngo-browne & england. (Leitz Germany ngemuva kwalokho wakhiqiza isakhiwo somshini esinqunyelwe ngetafula elishukumisayo.

Emishinini yesimanje, i-gentry-hlobo superskructure inemilenze emibili futhi ivame ukubizwa ngebhuloho. Lokhu kushukunyiswa ngokukhululeka etafuleni lamagogo nomlenze owodwa (kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umlenze wangaphakathi) kulandela isitimela somhlahlandlela esinamathiselwe ohlangothini lwetafula lamafutha. Umlenze ophambene (imvamisa ngaphandle) umlenze uphumula etafuleni lamagogo alandela i-mpo ephezulu ye-contour. I-Air Bearings iyindlela ekhethiwe yokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamahhala kwezingxabano. Kule, umoya ocindezelwe uphoqelelwa ngochungechunge lwezimbobo ezincane kakhulu endaweni evuthayo yokuthwala ukuhlinzeka ngesikhumba somoya esibushelelezi lapho i-CMM ingadluliswa ngendlela evuthakayo engaphendulwa nge-software. Ukuhamba kwebhuloho noma i-gantry etafuleni lamagogo kwakha i-axis eyodwa yendiza ye-xy. Ibhuloho le-gantry liqukethe inqola edlula phakathi kwemilenze yangaphakathi nangaphandle futhi yakha enye i-X noma Y y evundlo. I-eksisi yesithathu yokunyakaza (i-axis axis) ihlinzekwa ngokungezwa kwe-quill ebheke phezulu noma i-spindle eqhubekela phambili phakathi nendawo yenethiwekhi. Uphenyo lokuthinta kwakha idivaysi ezwakalayo ekugcineni kwe-quill. Ukunyakaza kwe-x, y futhi z axes kuchaza ngokuphelele imvilophu yokulinganisa. Amatafula we-rotary ongakhethwa angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusonta kophenyo lokulinganisa kubasebenzi abayinkimbinkimbi. Ithebula elijikelezayo njenge-axis yesine drive alikukhuliseli ubukhulu bokulinganisa, okuhlala ku-3D, kepha kunikeza ngezinga elithile lokuvumelana nezimo. Amanye ama-TOUCH ama-Proves ngokwawo ngokwawo angamadivaysi anamandla okujikeleza anamandla nge-PROBOS PIP ekwazi ukuSwisel ngokuqondile ngama-degree angaphezu kwama-180 nangaphezulu kokujikeleza kwe-360 degree ephelele.

I-CMMS manje iyatholakala ngezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka izingalo ze-CMM ezisebenzisa izilinganiso ze-angular ezithathwe emalungeni engalo ukubala isikhundla sethiphu ye-stylus, futhi kungahle kufakwe amathuba okuskena kwe-laser nokucabanga okubonakalayo. I-CMMS enjalo ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho ukuthwala kwabo inzuzo ngaphezulu kwendabuko yemvelo ye-CMMS- Ngokugcina izindawo ezilinganisiwe, ivolumu yokuhlela libuye livumela ukuhambisa i-arm yokulinganisa uqobo, nevolumu yalo, ezungeze leyo ngxenye ukuthi ilinganiswe ngesikhathi sokulinganisa. Ngoba izingalo ze-CMM zilingisa ukuguquguquka kwengalo yomuntu nazo zivame ukukwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokungena ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingeke zisetshenziswe zisebenzisa umshini wemisebenzi emithathu ejwayelekile.

Ukuphenya ngomshini

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokudidiyela ukukalwa (CMM), ama-mehendi e-Conform afakwe kumnikazi okhethekile ekugcineni kwe-quill. Uphenyo oluvame kakhulu lwenziwa ngokuthengisa ibhola elinzima kuze kube sekupheleni komgodi. Lokhu bekufanelekile ukukala uhla lonke lobuso obucaba, ama-cylindrical noma indawo eyindilinga. Ezinye iziphenya zazingaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ngokwesibonelo i-quadrant, ukunika amandla ukukala kwezici ezikhethekile. Lezi zingcweti zazibanjelwe emzimbeni ngokumelene nomsebenzi ngesikhundla esisesimweni esifundwayo kusuka ekufundeni kwedijithali ezi-3-axis Izilinganiso ezithathwe yile ndlela yokuxhumana zazivame ukungathembeki njengoba imishini ihanjiswe ngesandla futhi opharetha ngamunye wasebenzisa amanani ahlukile wengcindezi noma amasu ahlukile ahlukile wesilinganiso.

Ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kwaba ukwengeza ama-motors okushayela i-eksisi ngayinye. Ama-opharetha awasenakho athinte ngokomzimba umshini kodwa angashayela i-eksisi ngayinye esebenzisa ibhokisi lesandla nge-joystick ngendlela efanayo nezimoto ezilawulwa kude zesimanje. Ukulinganisa ukunemba nokunemba okuthuthuke kakhulu ngokusungulwa kwe-elektroniki yokuthinta kwe-trigger probe. Iphayona lalesi sisetshenziswa esisha se-Probe kwakunguDavid McMurtry okwabekele kamuva ukuthi yini manje eyi-PLC yeRenishaw. Yize iseseyithuluzi lokuxhumana, lo msebenzi waba nebhola lensimbi elayishwe entwasahlobo (kamuva i-ruby ibhola) i-stylus. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi kuthinte ubuso bengxenye ye-stylus evikelekile futhi ngasikhathi sinye ithumele i-X, Y, z, z, z axhumanise imininingwane kwikhompyutha. Amaphutha wokulinganisa abangelwa opharetha ngamunye waba mbalwa futhi isigaba sabe sesibekelwe ukwethulwa kwemisebenzi ye-CNC kanye nokuza kweminyaka yama-CMMS.

Ama-Optical Cons ama-Lens-CCD-Systems, ashukunyiswa njengawo azomishini, futhi ahloselwe iphuzu lokuthakazelisa, esikhundleni sokuthinta impahla. Isithombe esithathwe sobuso sizovalwa emingceleni yewindi lokulinganisa, kuze kube yilapho izinsalela zanele ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwezindawo ezimnyama nezimhlophe. Ijika lokuhlukanisa lingabalwa iphuzu, okuyiphuzu lokulinganisa elifunwa esikhaleni. Imininingwane evundlile ku-CCD yi-2D (xy) kanye nesikhundla mpo yisikhundla sohlelo oluphelele lokuhlola ku-z-drive (noma enye ingxenye).

Ukuskena amasistimu we-probe

Kunamamodeli amasha anenzuzo edonsela phansi ebusweni bengxenye ethatha amaphuzu ngezikhathi ezithile, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-Skenan. Le ndlela yokuhlolwa kwe-CMM ivame ukunemba ngokwengeziwe kunendlela ejwayelekile yokuthintana-probe futhi eziningi ngokushesha futhi.

Isizukulwane esilandelayo sokuskena, esaziwa ngokuthi ukuskena okungahambi kahle, okubandakanya ukuskena okuphezulu kwe-Laser single point unxantathu, ukuskena komugqa we-laser, nokuskena okumhlophe okukhanyayo, kuyathuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu. Le ndlela isebenzisa imishayo yama-laser noma isibani esimhlophe esivezwa ngokumelene nobuso bengxenye. Izinkulungwane eziningi zamaphoyinti zingathathwa futhi zisetshenziselwe hhayi kuphela ukuhlola usayizi nesikhundla, kepha ukudala isithombe se-3D sengxenye. Le "Idatha Yefu Lefu" ingabe isidluliselwa kwisoftware ye-CAD ukudala imodeli ye-3D esebenzayo yengxenye. Lezi zihlakala ze-Optical zivame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezithambile noma ezibucayi noma ukwenza lula ubunjiniyela obuhle.

I-Micrometrology iphenya

Izinhlelo zokuhlola izinhlelo zokusebenza zeMetrology Microscale zingenye indawo evelayo. Kunemishini eminingana etholakala ngokuthengisa imishini yokulinganisa (CMM) ehlanganiswe ohlelweni, izinhlelo ezikhethekile ezikhethekile ezindaweni zokusebenzela zikahulumeni, futhi noma yiliphi inani lamapulatifomu akwaMetrology akhiwe eyunivesithi weMetrology Microscale. Yize le mishini ilungile futhi ezimweni eziningi amapulatifomu amahle kakhulu ama-metrology anesikali se-nanometric, umkhawulo wawo oyinhloko kuwukuphenya okuthembekile, okuqinile, onekhono.^{[Kudingeka I-Citation]}Izinselelo ze-MicrosCale Clobu Technologies zifaka isidingo sophenyo lwesilinganiso esiphezulu esinikeza amandla okuthola izici ezijulile zokufinyelela izici eziphansi zokuxhumana ukuze ungalimazi ingaphezulu kanye nokunemba okuphezulu (izinga le-nanometer).^{[Kudingeka I-Citation]}Ngokwengeziwe izingcezu ze-Microscale zitholakala ezimweni zezemvelo ezifana nomswakama kanye nokusebenzisana komhlaba okufana nokuhlotshiswa (okubangelwa ukunamathela, ama-meniscus, kanye / noma i-van der Waals amabutho phakathi kwabanye).^{[Kudingeka I-Citation]}

Ubuchwepheshe bokufezekisa ngokuhlolwa kwe-MicrosCale kufaka phakathi uhlobo oluphansi lwe-Classical CMM Ploers, ama-specical aptical, kanye nophenyo lwamagagasi amile phakathi kwabanye. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe obukhona bakwa-Optical abangenakukwazi ukukala okuncane ngokwanele ukukala isici esijulile, esincane, futhi ukulungiswa okubonakalayo kunqunyelwe ukukhanya kwesibani. I-X-ray imaging inikeza isithombe sesici kodwa akukho lwazi lwe-metrology olutholakalayo.

Izimiso Zomzimba

Ama-Optical Cons kanye / noma ama-laser kungenzeka asetshenziswe (uma kungenzeka ngokuhlanganiswa), aguqula ama-CMM alinganise ama-microscopes noma imishini yokulinganisa inzwa eminingi. Izinhlelo ze-Fringe Projection, Izinhlelo ze-Theodolite Unxantathu noma Izinhlelo ze-Laser ezikude nezinxantathu azibizwa ngokuthi imishini yokulinganisa, kepha umphumela wokulinganisa uyafana: iphuzu lesikhala. Ama-Laser Proes asetshenziselwa ukuthola ibanga phakathi kobuso kanye nephuzu lesethenjwa ekugcineni kwe-kinematic chain (okungukuthi: ukuphela kwengxenye ye-Z-drive). Lokhu kungasebenzisa umsebenzi we-interferometrical, ukuguquguquka kokugxila, ukulimala okukhanyayo noma umgomo wokuvunyelwa koboya.

Imishini ephathekayo yokuhlanganisa-ukulinganisa

Ngenkathi i-CMMS yendabuko isebenzisa i-probe eshukumisela ama-axes amathathu ama-cartesia ukukala izici zento ebonakalayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CMMS okuthe xaxa kungaba yizindlela ezihlanganisiwe noma, esimweni sama-cmms abonakalayo, esimweni sama-scan wokuthwebula esisetshenziswayo esisebenzisa inkululeko yokuhamba ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into ezungeze into.

I-CMMS ephathekayo enezingalo ezihlanganisiwe inezimbazo eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa ezihlome ama-accod ancaverali, esikhundleni se-axes eqondile. Izingalo eziphathekayo zisilula (imvamisa ngaphansi kwamaphawundi angama-20) futhi ingathwalwa futhi isetshenziswe cishe noma kuphi. Kodwa-ke, ama-CMM amaningi aya ngokuya asetshenziswa embonini. Idizayinelwe ngomugqa we-compact linear noma amakhamera we-matrix array (njenge-Microsoft Kinect), ama-cmms we-Optical CMMS amancane kune-CMMS ephathekayo ngezikhali, futhi anike amandla abasebenzisi ukuthi bathathe kalula izilinganiso ze-3D zazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezitholakala cishe noma kuphi.

Izicelo ezithile ezingezona ezingezona ezingezona ezonakele njenge-Reverse Engineering, i-PrototyPing esheshayo, kanye nokuhlolwa okukhulu kwezingxenye zawo wonke amasayizi alungele ama-CMM aphathekayo. Izinzuzo ze-CMMS eziphathwayo ziningi. Abasebenzisi banokuguquguquka ngokuthatha izilinganiso ze-3D zazo zonke izinhlobo zezingxenye nasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu / ezinzima. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi akudingi indawo elawulwayo ukuthatha izilinganiso ezinembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-CMMS aphathekayo athambekele ekulahlekelweni okungaphansi kwama-CMMs wendabuko.

Ukuhweba okungokwemvelo kwe-CMMS okuphathekayo kungukusebenza kwezandla (bahlala badinga umuntu ukuba basebenzise). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba kwabo okuphelele kungaba yinto ethe xaxa ukwedlula lokho kohlobo lwebhuloho cmm futhi alulungele khona ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Imishini yokulinganisa - ukulinganisa

Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko be-CMM besebenzisa ama-Touch Conforms namuhla kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-laser, ividiyo noma izinzwa ezikhanyayo ezimhlophe ukuhlinzeka ngalokho okuziwa ngokuthi isilinganiso se-multisensor.