Yini uNde?

Yini uNde?

Ukuhlolwa okungu-Nondestrouctive (NDE) igama elivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana nge-NDT. Kodwa-ke, ngobuchwepheshe, i-NDE isetshenziselwa ukuchaza izilinganiso ezinobungako ngokwemvelo. Isibonelo, indlela ye-NDE ngeke ikwazi ukuthola isici kuphela, kepha futhi izosetshenziselwa ukukala okuthile ngaleso sici esifana nosayizi, ukwakheka, kanye nokuqondiswa kwayo. I-NDE ingahle isetshenziselwe ukunquma izakhiwo ezibonakalayo, njengokuqina kwe-fracture, ukwakheka nezinye izici zomzimba.

Ezinye ubuchwepheshe be-NDT / Nde:

Abantu abaningi sebevele bajwayelene nobunye bezobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ku-NDT naku-NDE ekusebenziseni kwabo embonini yezokwelapha. Iningi labantu sebephinde bathola i-X-ray ethathiwe futhi omama abaningi baye bathola i-ultrasound esetshenziswa odokotela ukuthi banikeze ingane yabo ukuhlolwa ngenkathi isesibelethweni. I-X-Rays ne-ultrasound yimbalwa kuphela lobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa emkhakheni we-NDT / Nde. Inani lezindlela zokuhlola libonakala likhula nsuku zonke, kepha isifinyezo esisheshayo sezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zinikezwe ngezansi.

Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo nokwamehlo (vt)

Indlela ye-NDT eyisisekelo kunazo zonke ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo. Abahloli ababukwayo balandela izinqubo ezisukela ekubhekaneni nengxenye ukubona ukuthi ukungapheleli komhlaba kubonakala, ukusebenzisa amasistimu wekhamera alawulwa yikhompyutha ukuze akwazi ukubona futhi alinganise izici zengxenye.

I-radiography (RT)

I-RT ifaka ukusetshenziswa kokungena ngaphakathi kwe-gamma- noma i-X-radiation ukuhlola iziphambeko zokwenziwa kanye nomkhiqizo nezici zangaphakathi. Umshini we-X-ray noma i-Isotope yeRadioactive esetshenziswa njengomthombo wemisebe. Imisebe iqondiswa ngengxenye nakwifilimu noma kweminye imithombo yezindaba. I-shadowgraph ephumela ibambisa izici zangaphakathi kanye nokuzwakala kwengxenye. Izinguquko ezibonakalayo kanye nezinguquko zobukhulu zikhonjiswa njengezindawo ezilula noma ezimnyama kwifilimu. Izindawo ezimnyama eRadiograph ngezansi zimelela izikhala zangaphakathi engxenyeni.

Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kwama-magnetic (MT)

Le ndlela ye-NDT yenziwa ngokufaka amandla kazibuthe ezintweni ezibonakalayo ze-ferromagnetic bese ucwasa ingaphezulu ngezinhlayiya zensimbi (noma zomile noma zimiswe ku-ketshezi). Ingaphezulu lamaphutha angaphezulu komhlaba akhiqiza izigxobo zezikhali noma ahlanekezele amandla kazibuthe ngendlela yokuthi izinhlayiya zensimbi zikhangwa futhi zigxile. Lokhu kukhiqiza inkomba ebonakalayo yesici ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo. Izithombe ezingezansi zibonisa ingxenye ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlolwa kusetshenziswa izinhlayiya ezimazikazi ezomile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (ut)

Ekuhlolweni kwe-ultrasonic, amagagasi omsindo afudumele aphezulu adluliswa abe yinto yokuthola ukungapheleli noma ukuthola izinguquko ezintweni ezibonakalayo. Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuhlola i-ultrasonic i-pulse echo, lapho kuzwakala khona umsindo entweni yokuhlola nokucabanga (okukhombisa) ekungaphelini kwangaphakathi noma izindawo ze-geometrical zengxenye zibuyiselwa komukeli. Ngezansi kuyisibonelo sokuhlolwa kwe-shear wave wever. Qaphela inkomba eye yanwebeka emikhawulweni ephezulu yesikrini. Le nkomba ikhiqizwa ngomsindo oboniswe kwisici ngaphakathi kweWeld.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PetTrant (PT)

Into yokuhlola ihlanganiswe nesixazululo esiqukethe udayi obonakalayo noma we-fluorescent. Isixazululo esidlulile bese sisuswa ebusweni bento kodwa siyishiye ngeziphene eziphukile. Kube sekusetshenziswa unjiniyela ukudweba umkhawulo wokuphela kweziphene. Ngodayi we-fluorescent, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-fluedout fluoresce ekhanyayo, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele ukungapheleli ukuthi kubonakale kalula. Ngodayi obonakalayo, umehluko umbala ocacile phakathi kwe-penotrant kanye nonjiniyela wenze "i-bleedout" kulula ukuyibona. Izinkomba ezibomvu ezingezansi zibonisa amaphutha ambalwa kule ngxenye.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-electromagnetic (et)

Imisinga kagesi (ama-Eddy curnts) akhiqizwa ezintweni ezisebenzayo ngomkhakha kazibuthe oguqukayo. Amandla ale misinyane eddy angalinganiswa. Ukulimala okubonakalayo kubangela ukuphazamiseka ekuhambeni kwemisinga ye-Eddy ephaphasa umhloli lapho ebukhona besici. Imisinga e-Eddy nayo ithinteka ngokusebenza kukagesi kanye nokuhlinzekwa kazibuthe kwezinto ezibonakalayo, okwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukuhlela ezinye izinto ezisuselwa kulezi zindawo. Uchwepheshe ongezansi uhlola iphiko lendiza lezeluleko.

Ukuhlolwa okuvuzayo (lt)

Amasu ambalwa asetshenziselwa ukuthola nokuthola ukuvuza ezingxenyeni eziqukethe ingcindezi, imikhumbi yengcindezi nezinhlaka. Ukuvuza kungatholwa ngokusebenzisa amadivayisi wokulalela we-elekthronikhi, izilinganiso zokucindezela kwengcindezi, amasu afundwayo e-liquid and gesi, kanye / noma ukuhlolwa okulula kwenkudla yensipho.

Ukuhlolwa kokuphuma kwe-Acoustic (AE)

Lapho kucindezelwa izinto eziqinile, ukungapheleli ngaphakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuqhuma ama-acoustic amandla abizwa ngokuthi "ukuphuma." Njengasekuhlolweni kwe-ultrasonic, ukuphuma kwe-acoustic kungatholwa ngabamukeli abakhethekile. Imithombo yokuphuma ingahlolwa ngocwaningo lokuqina kwalo kanye nesikhathi sokufika ukuze uqoqe imininingwane ngemithombo yamandla, njengendawo yawo.