Yini i-NDE?

Yini i-NDE?

I-Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) igama elivame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana ne-NDT.Kodwa-ke, ngokobuchwepheshe, i-NDE isetshenziselwa ukuchaza izilinganiso ezinomthamo omkhulu ngokwemvelo.Isibonelo, indlela ye-NDE ngeke igcine ngokuthola isici, kodwa izophinde isetshenziselwe ukukala okuthile mayelana nalelo phutha njengosayizi walo, umumo, nokuma kwawo.I-NDE ingase isetshenziselwe ukunquma izici ezibonakalayo, ezifana nokuqina kokuphuka, ukwakheka, nezinye izici zomzimba.

Amanye ama-NDT/NDE Technologies:

Abantu abaningi sebejwayelene nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ku-NDT kanye ne-NDE ekusetshenzisweni kwabo embonini yezokwelapha.Iningi labantu liphinde lathathwa i-X-ray kanti omama abaningi baye bathola i-ultrasound esetshenziswa odokotela ukuze bahlole izingane zabo zisesesibelethweni.Ama-X ray kanye ne-ultrasound bumbalwa kuphela bobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa emkhakheni we-NDT/NDE.Inombolo yezindlela zokuhlola ibonakala ikhula nsuku zonke, kodwa isifinyezo esisheshayo sezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu sinikezwa ngezansi.

Ukuhlola Okubonakalayo Nokubona (VT)

Indlela eyisisekelo kakhulu ye-NDT ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo.Abahloli ababukwayo balandela izinqubo ezisukela ekubukeni nje ingxenye ethile ukuze babone ukuthi ukungapheleli okungaphezulu kuyabonakala yini, kuya ekusebenziseni amasistimu amakhamera alawulwa yikhompyutha ukuze babone ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi balinganise izici zengxenye.

I-Radiography (RT)

I-RT ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-gamma- noma i-X-radiation engena ngaphakathi ukuze kuhlolwe izinto ezibonakalayo nezinkinga zomkhiqizo nezici zangaphakathi.Umshini we-X-ray noma isotope enemisebe isetshenziswa njengomthombo wemisebe.Imisebe iqondiswa ngengxenye futhi ingene kwifilimu noma enye imidiya.I-shadowgraph ewumphumela ibonisa izici zangaphakathi nomsindo wengxenye.Ubukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezinguquko zokuminyana kuboniswa njengezindawo ezilula noma ezimnyama efilimini.Izindawo ezimnyama ku-radiograph ngezansi zimelela i-voids yangaphakathi engxenyeni.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinhlayiya Zazibuthe (MT)

Le ndlela ye-NDT ifezwa ngokufaka inkambu kazibuthe entweni eyi-ferromagnetic bese ithela uthuli ingaphezulu ngezinhlayiya zensimbi (kungaba komile noma kumiswe oketshezini).Amaphutha angaphezulu naseduze akhiqiza izigxobo kazibuthe noma ahlanekezele amandla kazibuthe ngendlela yokuthi izinhlayiya zensimbi zihehe futhi zigxile.Lokhu kukhiqiza inkomba ebonakalayo yesici ebusweni bento.Izithombe ezingezansi zibonisa ingxenye ngaphambi nangemuva kokuhlolwa kusetshenziswa izinhlayiya ezinozibuthe ezomile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic (UT)

Ekuhlolweni kwe-ultrasonic, amaza omsindo we-high-frequency adluliselwa ku-material ukuthola ukungapheleli noma ukuthola izinguquko ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo.Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokuhlola i-ultrasonic i-pulse echo, lapho umsindo wethulwa khona entweni yokuhlola futhi iziboniselo (echoes) ezivela ekungaphelelini kwangaphakathi noma izingxenye zejiyomethri zibuyiselwa kumamukeli .Ngezansi isibonelo sokuhlolwa kwe-shear wave weld.Qaphela inkomba efinyelela emikhawulweni ephezulu yesikrini.Lesi sibonakaliso senziwa umsindo ovela kusici ngaphakathi kwe-weld.

I-Penetrant Testing (PT)

Into yokuhlola ihlanganiswe nesisombululo esiqukethe udayi obonakalayo noma we-fluorescent.Isixazululo eseqile sibe sesikhishwa ebusweni bento kodwa siyishiya sinamaphutha aphukayo.Unjiniyela ube esesetshenziswa ukuze kudonswe ongenayo ekushiyekeni.Ngodayi be-fluorescent, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-bleedout fluoresce igqame, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele ukungapheleli kubonakale kalula.Ngodayi ababonakalayo, ukugqama kombala ogqamile phakathi kokungena kanye nonjiniyela kwenza “ukuphuma kwegazi” kube lula ukubona.Izinkomba ezibomvu ezingezansi zimelela inani leziphambeko kule ngxenye.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Electromagnetic (ET)

Amaza kagesi (ama-eddy currents) akhiqizwa ngento eqhubayo yinkambu kazibuthe eshintshayo.Amandla ala ma-eddy currents angalinganiswa.Ukonakala kwezinto kubangela ukuphazamiseka ekuhambeni kwama-eddy currents axwayisa umhloli ngobukhona besici.Ama-currents e-Eddy nawo ayathinteka yi-conductivity kagesi kanye nokungena kazibuthe kwento, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlunga ezinye izinto ngokusekelwe kulezi zakhiwo.Uchwepheshe ongezansi uhlola iphiko lendiza ukuthi alinasici yini.

Ukuhlola Ukuvuza (LT)

Kusetshenziswa amasu amaningana ukuthola nokuthola ukuvuza ezingxenyeni eziqukethe ingcindezi, imikhumbi yokucindezela, nezakhiwo.Ukuvuza kungatholwa kusetshenziswa izinto zokulalela ze-elekthronikhi, izilinganiso zegeji yomfutho, izindlela zokungena eziwuketshezi negesi, kanye/noma ukuhlola amabhamuza ensipho elula.

Ukuhlola Ukukhishwa Kwe-Acoustic (AE)

Lapho kugcizelelwa into eqinile, ukungapheleli okungaphakathi kwento kukhipha ukuqhuma okufushane kwamandla okuzwakalayo okubizwa ngokuthi “i-emissions.”Njengasekuhlolweni kwe-ultrasonic, ukukhishwa kwe-acoustic kungatholwa abemukeli abakhethekile.Imithombo ekhishwayo ingahlolwa ngocwaningo lokuqina kwayo nesikhathi sokufika ukuze kuqoqwe ulwazi mayelana nemithombo yamandla, njengendawo yawo.