Ekufuneni okungapheli kokwenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, lapho ukubekezelelana kobukhulu kuncipha kusuka kuma-micrometer kuya kuma-nanometer, indiza yokubhekisela isalokhu iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu. Isisekelo se-metrology yesimanje—indawo lapho zonke izilinganiso eziqondile zithathwe khona—yipuleti le-granite. Ngokukhethekile, ipuleti lokuhlola i-granite elinembile kakhulu kanye nomlingani walo wesakhiwo, itafula lokuhlola i-granite noma itafula lobuso le-granite, liyaqhubeka nokubusa, ngisho nasenkathini yezinhlelo zokulinganisa zedijithali ezithuthukisiwe. Kodwa yini ngale nto yemvelo, ebonakala ilula eyenza ingabi yindawo “ye-zero point” ezimbonini ezidinga kakhulu emhlabeni, kusukela ekukhiqizeni i-semiconductor kuya ezinhlelweni ze-laser ezinamandla aphezulu?
Impendulo itholakala ekuhlanganiseni kwezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obucophelelayo, obuqediwe amashumi eminyaka. Lapho ukhetha indawo yokubhekisela ukuze kuhlolwe ngokujulile, izidingo zidlula kakhulu ubulukhuni obulula. Ukuqina, ukuqina, kanye nokungaguquguquki kokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Inzuzo Engaguquki ye-Premium Black Granite
Isisekelo sanoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-granite enembile kakhulu yizinto zokusetshenziswa ngokwazo. Ngokungafani ne-granite evamile empunga noma imabula engazinzile evame ukusetshenziswa abakhiqizi abangacopheleli kangako, indinganiso yemboni yokuzinza okungapheli idinga i-granite emnyama, enobukhulu obuphezulu.
Isibonelo, i-ZHHIMG® Black Granite eyimfihlo yenzelwe ukusebenza kahle, inesisindo esingavamile esingaba ngu-3100 kg/m³. Lesi sakhiwo samaminerali esingcono kakhulu asiyona nje inombolo; siyisiqinisekiso esibonakalayo sokusebenza. Ubuningi obuphezulu buhlobene ngqo ne-modulus ka-Young ekhulayo, okuholela ezintweni eziqinile futhi ezimelana kakhulu nemithwalo engaguquki neguquguqukayo ebekwe phezu kwayo. Lokhu kuqina okungokwemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi itafula lobuso be-granite ligcina ukubekezelelana kwalo okuqondile okusicaba—ngezinye izikhathi kuze kufike ku-nanometer—ngisho nalapho lisekela ama-gantries amakhulu e-Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) noma izinto zokusebenza ezisindayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okuphansi kwe-granite kanye ne-coefficient ephansi kakhulu yokwanda kokushisa kubalulekile. Emakamelweni okuhlola alawulwa amazinga okushisa, indawo yokubhekisela kumele imelane nezinguquko ezincane zobukhulu ezibangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma ukudluliselwa kokushisa kusuka engxenyeni ehlolwayo. Izinto ze-ZHHIMG® zidlula enkambisweni yokuguga yemvelo yesikhathi eside ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhiwo senhlangano sifana futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi okuqediweipuleti le-graniteizonikeza indiza yokubhekisela ethembekile, engenasiphazamiso amashumi eminyaka.
Ubunjiniyela “Iphuzu Eliyi-Zero”: Ukunemba Okungaphezu Kokupholisha Okulula
Ukukhiqiza ipuleti lokuhlola i-granite elinembile ngempela kuyindlela yobuciko egxile kwisayensi eqinile, edlula kakhulu ukumba nokusika kokuqala. Le nqubo ihilela imishini emikhulu, yesimanje esebenza ngokubambisana nemishini ye-metrology ebucayi kakhulu, futhi, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, isici sobungcweti somuntu.
Abaholi bomhlaba wonke kulo mkhakha basebenzisa izikhungo ezinkulu nezilawulwa imvelo. Amatafula okuhlola i-granite enembile anesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayi-100 futhi afinyelela kumamitha angama-20 ubude adinga ingqalasizinda ekhethekile. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokusebenzela ezilawulwa ukudlidliza, amazinga okushisa nomswakama—ngokuvamile ezinephansi likakhonkolo eliqinile neliqinile kanye nemisele yokulwa nokudlidliza—kuyimpoqo. Le ndawo iqeda umsindo wemvelo, iqinisekisa ukuthi izigaba zokugcina zokufaka ngesandla kanye nomshini zenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezizinzile kakhulu.
Inqubo yokugaya nokufaka i-lap yilapho kufinyelelwa khona ukuthamba okudingekayo. Abakhiqizi bokucacisa batshala imali eningi emishinini yokufaka i-lap enkulu, enembile kakhulu, ekwazi ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi nezingezona ezensimbi ngamazinga aphezulu okunemba. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nomshini othuthuke kakhulu ungafeza okuncane kuphela. Ukulinganiswa okuphelele—i-micron yokugcina yokulungiswa kokuthamba—ngokwesiko kufezwa ngabachwepheshe abangochwepheshe. Laba bangcweti, abavame ukuba neminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu yesipiliyoni, basebenzisa amasu okufaka i-lap ngesandla, bethembele ekuqondeni okucishe kube ngokwemvelo, okuthintayo ukuze bafinyelele ukubekezelelana kokuthamba kwendawo okuhlangabezana noma okudlula amazinga aqinile kakhulu emhlabeni, okuhlanganisa i-ASME B89.3.7, i-DIN 876, kanye ne-JIS B 7510. Lokhu kuthinta komuntu, okuguqula i-slab yamatshe aminyene ibe yireferensi eqondile ye-nanometer, yilokho okuhlukanisa itafula lobuso le-granite elisezingeni eliphezulu.
Igunya Lokulinganisa: Ukulandelela kanye Nezindinganiso
Embonini enembile kakhulu, ukulinganisa kuhle kuphela njengokulinganisa ubuso obubhekiselwe.ipuleti lokuhlola le-graniteUkuze ithembeke emhlabeni wonke, ukuqinisekiswa kwayo kumele kube okungenaphutha futhi kulandeleke.
Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili bafaka yonke ipuleti yobuso ekuhlolweni okuphelele kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okulinganisa ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emhlabeni: ama-interferometer e-laser, amazinga kagesi (njengalawo avela ku-WYLER), kanye nama-probe e-inductive anesinqumo esiphezulu (njengalawo avela ku-Mahr). Lawa mathuluzi alinganisa ukuthamba okuphelele, ukunemba kokufunda okuphindaphindiwe, kanye nokwehluka kwendawo kokuthamba, ngokuvamile kuya ekuxazululeni okungu-0.5 m noma ngaphezulu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, zonke izinsimbi zokulinganisa kumele zilinganiswe njalo, bese ukulandeleka kubuyele ezikhungweni ze-metrology zomhlaba wonke kanye nezezwe (njenge-NIST, i-NPL, noma i-PTB). Lokhu kunamathela endinganisweni ye-metrology eqinile, yomhlaba wonke yingakho amatafula okuhlola e-granite aqinisekisiwe amukelwa emhlabeni wonke njengendinganiso yegolide emakamelweni okulinganisa kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi. Ngaphandle kwalesi sisekelo esiqinisekisiwe, esiyisicaba se-nanometer, ukusebenza kwemishini yokunemba eyizigidi eziningi zamaRandi—njenge-CMMs ethuthukisiwe, izinhlelo ze-semiconductor lithography, kanye nemishini ye-laser ye-femtosecond—bekungeke kwenzeke ukuqinisekisa.
I-Granite njenge-Ultimate Machine Component
Nakuba itafula lobuso begranite libaluleke kakhulu njengethuluzi lokulinganisa, indima yalo yesakhiwo emishinini yesimanje esheshayo nenembile ibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Izingxenye zegranite, izisekelo, kanye nezingxenye ziye zathatha indawo yensimbi ephonswe kanye nezinye izinto zendabuko enkabeni yesakhiwo semishini ethuthukisiwe:
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Ukudambisa Ukudlidliza: Isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-Granite kanye nobukhulu bunikeza izici zokudambisa eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi, okumunca ngempumelelo ukudlidliza komshini kanye nokwanda kokushisa okungalimaza ukuma kwe-sub-micron.
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Ukuzinza Okulinganayo: Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile njengezinhlelo ezithwala umoya, i-granite inikeza ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside, okungagqwali, kanye nokungagobeki okubalulekile ekugcineni izikhala zomoya kanye nokuqondisa isitimela esihambisanayo emijikelezweni emikhulu yokusebenza.
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Ubukhulu Nobunzima: Njengoba inamandla okukhiqiza izakhiwo ze-granite eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezi-monolithic kanye nezisekelo zomshini ezingafika kumamitha angu-20 ubude, amapuleti e-granite manje ayizingxenye ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, ezinezimbobo ze-T ezihlanganisiwe, izifakelo ezinezintambo, kanye nezindawo ezithwala umoya ezisebenza njengomgogodla wesakhiwo semigqa yonke yokukhiqiza.
Ukubaluleka okuhlala njalo kwepuleti le-granite elinokunemba okuphezulu kusobala. Akuyona nje insalela ye-metrology yendabuko; kuyisisombululo sezinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu esishintsha njalo esakha indawo yokubhekisela eyisisekelo yemikhakha yokukhiqiza ethuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengoba izidingo zokunemba kobukhulu ziqhubeka nokuqina, ukuzinza, ukuqina, kanye nokuthamba okuqinisekisiwe kwe-granite emnyama yekhwalithi ephezulu kusabalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi, ukuhambisana, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha embonini yomhlaba wonke enokunemba okuphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 10-2025