Emkhakheni we-metrology yezinga eliphezulu, ukunemba kuyindlela eyinhloko yokulinganisa inani lemishini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-95% emishini yokulinganisa ephezulu ayishiyile isisekelo sensimbi yendabuko futhi esikhundleni salokho yamukela isisekelo se-granite. Ngemuva kwalolu shintsho embonini kukhona intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ebangelwe izici zokunciphisa izinga le-nano-level zezisekelo ze-granite. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokujulile izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zezisekelo ze-granite futhi siveze imfihlakalo ngemuva kokuba kwazo "intandokazi entsha" yemishini yokulinganisa ephezulu.
Imikhawulo yezisekelo zensimbi ephonswe: Kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulinganisa eziphezulu
Insimbi ephothiwe yayiyinto eyinhloko yesisekelo semishini yokulinganisa futhi yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokucutshungulwa okulula. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zokulinganisa eziphezulu, imikhawulo yensimbi ephothiwe iya ngokuya ivelela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, insimbi ephothiwe ayinakho ukuzinza kokushisa okubi, ine-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa ephezulu njengo-11-12 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Lapho imishini ikhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza noma izinga lokushisa elizungezile lishintsha, ithambekele ekuguqukeni kokushisa, okuholela ekuphambukeni kwereferensi yokulinganisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sensimbi ephothiwe sinezimbobo ezincane, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokunciphisa ukudlidliza akwanele, okwenza ingakwazi ukumunca ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kokudlidliza kwangaphandle. Lapho ukusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini kanye nokuhamba kwezimoto endaweni yokusebenzela kukhiqiza ukudlidliza, isisekelo sensimbi ephothiwe sizodlulisela ukudlidliza emishinini yokulinganisa, okubangela ukuguquguquka kwedatha yokulinganisa futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulinganisa ezinembile kakhulu emazingeni e-nanometer kanye ne-micrometer.
Izici zokudambisa i-nanoscale zezisekelo ze-granite: Isiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sokulinganisa okunembile
I-Granite iyitshe lemvelo elakhiwe ngezinqubo ze-geological eminyakeni engamakhulu ezigidi. Amakristalu ayo angaphakathi amaminerali aqinile futhi isakhiwo sawo siminyene futhi siyafana, okwenza kube nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokudambisa i-nano-scale. Lapho ukudlidliza kwangaphandle kudluliselwa esisekelweni se-granite, isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi singaguqula ngokushesha amandla okudlidliza abe amandla okushisa, kufezwe ukuncishiswa okuphumelelayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi ephonswe ngensimbi, isikhathi sokuphendula kokudlidliza kwezisekelo ze-granite sifinyezwa ngaphezu kuka-80%, futhi zingabuyela esimweni esizinzile ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, zigweme ngempumelelo umthelela wokudlidliza ekunembeni kokulinganisa kwemishini yokulinganisa.
Ngombono omncane kakhulu, isakhiwo sekristalu segranite siqukethe inani elikhulu lemingcele emincane yezinhlayiya kanye nezinhlayiya zamaminerali, futhi lezi zici zesakhiwo zakha "inethiwekhi yokumunca ukudlidliza" yemvelo. Lapho amaza okudlidliza esakazeka ngaphakathi kwegranite, azoshayisana, abonakale futhi ahlakazeke ngale mingcele yezinhlayiya kanye nezinhlayiya izikhathi eziningi. Amandla okudlidliza asetshenziswa njalo kule nqubo, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe umphumela wokudambisa ukudlidliza. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi isisekelo segranite singanciphisa ubukhulu bokudlidliza bube ngaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi zangempela, okuhlinzeka ngendawo yokulinganisa ezinzile yemishini yokulinganisa.
Ezinye izinzuzo zezisekelo ze-granite: Ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo eziphezulu
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokunciphisa i-nanoscale, isisekelo se-granite sinezinzuzo eziningi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwemishini yokulinganisa ephezulu. I-coefficient yayo yokwanda kokushisa iphansi kakhulu, ingu-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃ kuphela, futhi cishe ayithinteki yizinguquko zokushisa. Ingagcina usayizi nesimo esizinzile ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zemvelo, iqinisekisa ukunemba kwereferensi yokulinganisa. Okwamanje, i-granite inobunzima obuphezulu (obunobunzima be-Mohs obungu-6-7) kanye nokumelana okunamandla kokuguguleka. Ngisho nangemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ubuso bayo busengagcina isimo sokuhlela esinembile kakhulu, kunciphisa imvamisa yokugcinwa kwemishini nokulinganiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-granite inezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile futhi ayigugi kalula yizinto ezine-asidi noma ze-alkaline, okwenza ifaneleke ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Umkhuba wemboni uqinisekise inani elivelele lezisekelo ze-granite
Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor, usayizi wama-chip usungene enkathini ye-nanoscale, futhi izidingo zokunemba zemishini ye-metrology ziphakeme kakhulu. Ngemva kokuba ibhizinisi le-semiconductor lamazwe ngamazwe elidumile lishintshe imishini yokulinganisa ngesisekelo sensimbi ephonswe ngesisekelo se-granite, iphutha lokulinganisa lehla kusuka ku-±5μm laya ku-±0.5μm, futhi izinga lokukhiqiza umkhiqizo lenyuka ngo-12%. Emkhakheni wezindiza, imishini ye-metrology ephezulu esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukubekezelela ukuma nendawo kwezingxenye, ngemuva kokusebenzisa izisekelo ze-granite, igwema ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kokudlidliza, iqinisekisa ukunemba kokucubungula kwezingxenye ezibalulekile njengezinsika zenjini yezindiza kanye nohlaka lwe-fuselage, futhi inikeze isiqinisekiso esinamandla sokuphepha nokuthembeka kwemikhiqizo yezindiza.
Njengoba izidingo zokunemba kokulinganisa ziqhubeka zithuthuka embonini yokukhiqiza ephezulu, izisekelo ze-granite, ngezici zazo zokudambisa ezincane kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenza eziphelele, zishintsha amazinga obuchwepheshe emishini yokulinganisa. Ukushintsha kusuka ensimbini ephonswe kuya e-granite akuyona nje ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto; futhi kuyinguquko embonini eqhubela phambili ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ngokunemba buye eziqongweni ezintsha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-13-2025