Emkhakheni we-metrology ephezulu, ukunemba inkomba eyinhloko yokukala inani lezinto zokusebenza. Eminyakeni yakamuva, u-95% wemishini yokulinganisa ephezulu ushiye izisekelo zensimbi ezisansimbi futhi esikhundleni salokho zamukela izisekelo zegwadle. Ngemuva kwalolu shintsho lwemboni kukhona impumelelo yobuchwepheshe elethwa izici zokudambisa izinga le-nano zezisekelo zegwadle. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokujulile izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zezisekelo ze-granite futhi sembule imfihlakalo yokuba "yintandokazi entsha" yemishini yokulinganisa ephezulu.
Imikhawulo yezisekelo ze-cast iron: Kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamamitha aphezulu
I-cast iron yake yaba yinto evamile yesisekelo semishini yokulinganisa futhi yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi nokucubungula kalula. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zokulinganisa okuphezulu, ukulinganiselwa kwensimbi yensimbi kuya ngokuya kugqama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cast iron inokunganzi kahle kwe-thermal, ene-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa okufika ku-11-12 ×10⁻⁶/℃. Uma okokusebenza kukhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza noma ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwe-ambient, kuthambekele ekuwohlokeni kokushisa, okuholela ekuphambukeni kwereferensi yokulinganisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwe-cast iron kunezimbotshana ezincane kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokudambisa ukudlidliza akwanele, okuyenza ingakwazi ukumunca ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kokudlidliza kwangaphandle. Lapho ukusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini kanye nokunyakaza kwezimoto endaweni yokusebenzela kukhiqiza ukudlidliza, isisekelo sensimbi ekhonjiwe sizodlulisela ukudlidliza emshinini wokulinganisa, okubangela ukushintshashintsha kwedatha yokulinganisa futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokulinganisa ngokunemba okuphezulu kumazinga e-nanometer nama-micrometer.
Izici zokudambisa i-Nanoscale zezisekelo ze-granite: Isiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sokulinganisa okunembile
I-Granite iyitshe lemvelo elakhiwe ngezinqubo ze-geological phezu kwamakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Amakristalu ayo angaphakathi amaminerali ahlangene futhi ukwakheka kwawo kuminyene futhi kufana, okwenza kube nezakhiwo ezivelele ze-nano-scale damping. Uma ukudlidliza kwangaphandle kudluliselwa kusisekelo se-granite, i-microstructure yayo yangaphakathi ingaguqula ngokushesha amandla okudlidliza abe amandla ashisayo, kufinyelele ukuncishiswa okuphumelelayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi ecijile, isikhathi sokuphendula sokudlidliza sezisekelo zegwadle sifinyezwa ngaphezu kuka-80%, futhi zingabuyela esimweni esizinzile ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kugwenywe ngempumelelo umthelela wokudlidliza ekunembeni kokulinganisa kwemishini yokulinganisa.
Ngokombono we-microscopic, isakhiwo sekristalu segwadle siqukethe inani elikhulu lemingcele emincane yokusanhlamvu nezinhlayiya zamaminerali, futhi lezi zici zesakhiwo zakha "inethiwekhi yokumuncwa kokudlidliza" yemvelo. Lapho amagagasi okudlidliza esabalala ngaphakathi kwegwadle, azongqubuzana, abonise futhi ahlakazeke nale mingcele yokusanhlamvu nezinhlayiya izikhathi eziningi. Amandla okudlidliza asetshenziswa njalo kule nqubo, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe umphumela wokudambisa ukudlidliza. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi isisekelo se-granite singanciphisa i-amplitude yokudlidliza ibe ngaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kweshumi yasekuqaleni, inikeze indawo yokulinganisa ezinzile yezinto zokulinganisa.
Ezinye izinzuzo zezisekelo zegwadle: Ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo eziphezulu
Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo ezivelele ze-nanoscale damping, isisekelo se-granite sinezinzuzo eziningi, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kwemishini yokulinganisa ephezulu. I-coefficient yayo yokwandisa okushisayo iphansi kakhulu, kuphela i-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃, futhi cishe ayithinteki ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ingakwazi ukugcina usayizi ozinzile kanye nesimo ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezihlukene, iqinisekisa ukunemba kwereferensi yokulinganisa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-granite inobunzima obuphezulu (nobulukhuni be-Mohs be-6-7) kanye nokumelana nokugqoka okuqinile. Ngisho nangemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, indawo yayo engaphezulu isengagcina isimo se-planar esinembe kakhulu, sinciphisa imvamisa yokugcinwa nokulinganisa imishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-granite inezindawo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile futhi ayigqwali kalula yizinto ezine-asidi noma ezine-alkali, okuyenza ifaneleke ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuzijwayeza kwemboni kuqinisekise inani elisele lezisekelo zegwadle
Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ama-semiconductor, usayizi wama-chips ungene enkathini ye-nanoscale, futhi izidingo zokunemba zemishini ye-metrology ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi ibhizinisi le-semiconductor lamazwe ngamazwe elaziwayo lithathe indawo yemishini yokulinganisa ngesisekelo sensimbi esakhiwe ngesisekelo segwadle, iphutha lokulinganisa lehla lisuka ku-±5μm laya ku-±0.5μm, futhi izinga lokukhiqiza lomkhiqizo lenyuka ngo-12%. Emkhakheni we-aerospace, imishini ye-metrology ephezulu esetshenziselwa ukuthola ukwakheka nokubekezelela isikhundla sezingxenye, ngemva kokwamukela izisekelo zegwadle, igwema ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kokudlidliza, iqinisekisa ukunemba kokucubungula kwezingxenye ezibalulekile njengama-blade enjini yendiza namafreyimu e-fuselage, kanye nokunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokuphepha nokuthembeka kwemikhiqizo yasemkhathini.
Ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezidingo zokunemba kokulinganisa embonini yokukhiqiza esezingeni eliphezulu, izisekelo zegranite, ezinezici zazo ze-nano-scale damping kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenza okuphelele, zibumba kabusha izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zemishini yokulinganisa. Ukusuka ensimbini eyinsimbi kuya kugwadle akukhona nje ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto; futhi inguquko yemboni eyenza ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ukunemba bufinyelele phezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-13-2025