Kungani i-Granite Surface Plate iyisisekelo esibalulekile se-Modern Precision Metrology?

Ukufuna ukunemba okuphelele kuchaza ubunjiniyela besimanje kanye nokukhiqiza. Ezweni lapho ukubekezelelana kulinganiswa khona nge-millionths ye-intshi, ubuqotho besisekelo sokulinganisa bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenkathi amathuluzi edijithali nama-CMM athuthukile ethola ukunakwa okukhulu, ipuleti elingaphansi, elinobunye—elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ithebula le-granite metrology—lisalokhu liyisisekelo esingenakuphikiswa sokuhlolwa kobukhulu. Lisebenza njengendiza yokugcina yokubhekisela, isibonelo esibonakalayo sokuphambuka okungu-zero, lapho wonke ama-gauge kanye nezinto zokusebenza kumele ziqinisekiswe khona. Ukuqonda isayensi, ukukhethwa, kanye nokusekelwa okudingekayo kwaleli thuluzi elibalulekile kubalulekile kunoma yisiphi isikhungo esilwela ikhwalithi yezinga lomhlaba.

Isayensi Yezinto Eziphathekayo Zokuba Yisicaba: Kungani I-Granite?

Ukukhetha i-granite akuyona into engahleliwe; kuyisici esiyinhloko sesidingo se-geological nesayensi. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, indinganiso yokuba yisicaba incike ensimbini ephonswe, kodwa ukungazinzi okungokwemvelo, izakhiwo zikamagnetic, kanye nokuthambekela ekugqwaleni emapuletini ensimbi kwaletha izinselele eziqhubekayo zokunemba. I-granite, ikakhulukazi i-diabase emnyama evame ukusetshenziswa ku-metrology enembile kakhulu, inikeza ikhambi elingcono kakhulu elisekelwe ezicini ezine ezibalulekile zezinto:

1. Ukuzinza Kokushisa: I-Granite ibonisa i-Coefficient ephansi kakhulu yokwandiswa kokushisa (i-CTE), ngokuvamile ingxenye yayo yensimbi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuncane endaweni yelabhorethri kunomthelela omncane ekusithekeni kwepuleti iyonke, ngokungafani nensimbi, engakhula futhi inciphe kakhulu.

2. Ukuqina Nokudlidliza Okungokwemvelo: Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu kanye nesakhiwo sekristalu, itafula eliyisicaba legranite elisezingeni eliphezulu linciphisa ngokwemvelo ukudlidliza. Endaweni yokukhiqiza ematasa, lokhu kuzinza kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsimbi zokulinganisa azithintwa umsindo wangaphandle noma ukunyakaza, okunikeza ipulatifomu ethule, ezinzile yokulinganisa okubucayi.

3. Ayinawo Amandla Kagesi Futhi Ayiboli: Ngokungafani nensimbi, i-granite ayiboli futhi ngeke igqwale noma igqwale. Lokhu kuqeda ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuphazamiseka kwamandla kagesi okuthinta amathuluzi futhi kwenza kube lula ukugcinwa, okuqinisekisa isikhathi eside sokuthembeka.

4. Ukungqubuzana Okuphansi Nokugqokwa Okuncane: Uma i-workpiece noma i-gauge block ithuthwa phezu kobuso, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-quartz ku-granite kubangela kuphela ukuqhekeka kwendawo kunokuba kubangele ukugoba okuphakanyisiwe, njengoba kungenzeka ngensimbi. Lesi sici sisho ukuthi ukuguguleka kwenzeka kancane futhi ngokubikezelayo, kugcina izinga lokunemba lilonke isikhathi eside.

Izinga Legolide: Ukukhetha Ipuleti Lomphezulu Elifanele

Amapuleti obuso achazwa ngobukhulu bawo kanye nebanga lawo lokunemba. Amapuleti amathathu avamile, i-AA (iLaboratory), i-A (Ukuhlola), kanye ne-B (Igumbi Lamathuluzi), achaza ukuphambuka okuvunyelwe kusukela ekubeni yisicaba kwangempela, okuvame ukulinganiswa ngokweshumi kwengxenye yenkulungwane ye-intshi (0.0001 in) noma ama-intshi amancane. Ngezidingo eziningi zokuhlola zanamuhla, ipuleti elinobukhulu obuphakathi elinikeza kokubili ukunemba kanye nokuphatheka kalula livame ukufunwa.

Ipuleti elingaphezulu elingu-24×36 cishe lingenye yobukhulu obuguquguqukayo nobudumile kakhulu ekulinganisweni kobukhulu. Ubukhulu balo bulingana kahle: bukhulu ngokwanele ukwamukela izinto zokusebenza ezinkulu noma ukusethwa kokuhlolwa okuningi ngasikhathi sinye, kodwa bungaphatheka ngokwanele ukuba bubekwe eziteshini zokuhlola ezizinikele noma buhanjiswe kalula uma bufakwe esitendini esikhethekile. Ezitolo ezisebenzelana nezingxenye ezinomthamo omkhulu, eziphakathi nendawo, usayizi ongu-$24 \times 36$ unciphisa isidingo sokuhambisa ingxenye epuletini elikhulu kakhulu, okugcina isilinganiso siseduze nesikhungo sendiza yokubhekisela lapho izici zemvelo zingenathonya kangako khona.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ipuleti elingaphezulu ngezindinganiso ezinjalo eziqinile iyikhono nesayensi, ehilela inqubo yokuhlanganisa enekhono eliphezulu. Ama-granite slabs aluhlaza ayasikwa, agaywe, bese ehlanganiswa ngokucophelela namanye amapuleti amathathu ayinhloko ngenqubo ephindaphindayo (eyaziwa ngokuthi indlela yamapuleti amathathu) ukuze kufezwe ukubekezelelana okuqondile. Le nqubo enzima yiyo egcwalisa ipuleti ngegunya layo eliyisisekelo ku-metrology.

Indima Ebalulekile Yesitendi Sepuleti Legranite

Ipuleti elingaphezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ligoqeke kahle kangakanani, linembile kuphela njengoba isakhiwo salo sokusekela sivumela. Ipuleti elisekelwe ngokungafanele lizophambuka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwesisindo salo kanye nesisindo somsebenzi, okwenza izinga lalo lokuqinisekisa lingasebenzi. Yilapho isitendi sepuleti le-granite elizinikele liba yinto engenakuxoxiswana ngayo.

Isitendi sekhwalithi sakhiwe ukuze sinikeze ukwesekwa ezindaweni ezibalwe ze-Airy noma amaphuzu e-Bessel—izindawo ezithile ezinciphisa ukuphambuka futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi indawo engaphezulu igcina isicaba sayo sisezingeni eliphezulu ngaphansi komthwalo. Izici zesitendi sobungcweti zifaka:

• Ukwakhiwa Okuhlanganisiwe Okuqinile: Ukuqeda ukudluliselwa kokudlidliza nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza.

• Ukusekelwa Kwamaphuzu Amathathu: Izitendi zivame ukusebenzisa izinyawo ezintathu ezilungisekayo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokumisa izinzile, engashukumi ngisho nasezitezi ezingalingani kancane. Lokhu kuphakeme ngokwezibalo kunezinyawo ezine, okungaletha ukucindezeleka.

• Ama-Casters nama-Leveling Pads: Okokuhamba ngaphakathi kwelebhu, kuhlanganiswe nama-leveling pads anembile ukuze kuboshwe ipuleti endaweni yalo yokugcina, evundlile ngokuphelele.

I-stand iyingxenye ebalulekile kuyo yonke isethi ye-metrology. Akuyona nje itafula; iyisistimu yokusekela eklanywe ngokucophelela egcina ukunemba kwamasentimitha amancane kwendawo yokubhekisela engaphezulu kwayo. Ukunganaki ikhwalithi ye-stand kulimaza yonke inqubo yokulinganisa, kuguqula ithuluzi lokunemba libe yi-slab esindayo.

Ukuqonda Investment: Surface Plate Granite Intengo kanye neValue

Kulabo abanomthwalo wezindleko ezinkulu, intengo ye-surface plate granite iyinto edingekayo yokucatshangelwa. Kubalulekile ukubheka izindleko ze-surface plate esezingeni eliphezulu njengokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside ekuqinisekisweni kwekhwalithi, hhayi njengezindleko ezingasetshenziswa. Intengo ithonywa izici eziningana:

• Usayizi Nesisindo: Amapuleti amakhulu ngokwemvelo adinga izinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa kanye nokugoqa okudinga umsebenzi omningi.

• Izinga Lokunemba: Uma izinga liphezulu (isib., i-AA vs. B), kulapho kudingeka khona amahora amaningi abasebenzi abanamakhono enqubo yokugcina yokuhlanganisa, okwandisa izindleko.

• Okufakiwe: Izici ezifana nokufakwa kwensimbi okunentambo (kokufakwa kwezinto) noma ama-T-slots akhethekile adinga imishini eyengeziwe yokunemba.

• Isitifiketi: Isitifiketi sokulinganisa esilandelekayo nesizimele sengeza inani kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi.

Nakuba ibhentshi lokusebenzela elijwayelekile lingafanelekela ukuhlanganiswa noma imisebenzi engeyona ebalulekile, umehluko phakathi kwetafula eliyisicaba legranite elilula kanye netafula le-granite metrology eliqinisekisiwe lilele ngokuphelele ekunamatheleni ezindinganisweni zokusicaba (ASME B89.3.7 noma elilinganayo) kanye nekhwalithi yesitendi sepuleti legranite elihambisana nalo. Ukutshala imali epuletini elishibhile, elingaqinisekisiwe ngokungenakugwenywa kuholela ekukhiqizweni kwezingxenye ezingahambisani, ekugcineni kubangele izindleko ezinkulu ngokulungiswa kabusha, ukulahlwa, kanye nomonakalo wedumela. Inani langempela lepuleti elingaphezulu lekhwalithi isiqinisekiso sokuzethemba kokulinganisa elikunikezayo.

Ubude Besikhathi Eside, Ukulinganiswa, kanye Nesici Somuntu

Ngokungafani nemishini eminingi yesimanje ethembele kusofthiwe nezingxenye ezihambayo, ipuleti elingaphezulu liyithuluzi elingasebenzi, elingaguquki elenzelwe ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele—okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amabhulashi athambile kuphela ekuhlanzeni, ukusebenzisa uboya obuncane bokuhlanza ipuleti elingaphezulu, nokugwema ukuwa kwamathuluzi—ipuleti le-granite linganikeza amashumi eminyaka yenkonzo ethembekile.

Kodwa-ke, ngisho nezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu zingaguga. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezinsimbi zokulinganisa ezindaweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi isikhungo, ekugcineni kuzobangela ukuklwebheka okuncane, okuholela ekuphambukeni okuncane ekusithekeni. Lokhu kudinga ukulinganiswa ngezikhathi ezithile nokuqinisekisiwe. Isazi semetro esiqeqeshiwe sisebenzisa i-autocollimator kanye namazinga kagesi ukuze sidwebe yonke indawo yepuleti, siyiqhathanise nezinga lokuqala eliyinhloko. Le nqubo ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa kabusha iqinisekisa ukuthi ipuleti lihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga layo elibekiwe futhi ligcina igunya lalo njengezinga lokulinganisa lesakhiwo.

Ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi le-metrology, lapho yonke i-micro-inch ibalwa khona, ipuleti lobuso le-granite aliyona nje into ewusizo—liyisisekelo esibalulekile. Igunya lalo livela emithethweni yefiziksi kanye nokuqina kokwenziwa kwalo. Kunoma iyiphi inhlangano ehlose ukunemba kwangempela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza yokubhekisela enobukhulu obufanele futhi esekelwayo, njengemodeli etholakala yonke indawo izikhathi ezingu-24, ikhona futhi igcinwa njalo kuyisibonakaliso esicacile sokuzibophezela okungantengantengi ekhwalithini.