Emkhakheni wokulinganisa ngokunemba, i-granite straightedge, njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemishini nokulinganisa, izinga layo lokuthamba lithinta ngqo ukuthembeka kwemiphumela yokulinganisa. Isitifiketi se-National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) sase-United States siyindinganiso egunyaziwe emhlabeni wonke yemishini yokulinganisa ngokunemba okuphezulu, futhi ukuthamba kwezinga le-AA kungenye yamabanga anezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu. Njengomkhiqizo ohamba phambili embonini, i-ZHHIMG, ngobuchwepheshe bayo obuthuthukisiwe kanye nobuciko obuqinile, isiza abasebenzisi ukufeza isitifiketi se-NIST kanye nemigomo yokuthamba kwezinga le-AA kwabaqondisi be-granite. Okulandelayo kuzokunikeza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwamaphuzu ayisihluthulelo okulinganisa kanye nezindlela zokuqalisa.
1. Qonda isitifiketi se-NIST kanye nezinga le-AA-flatness standard
Isitifiketi se-NIST saziwa ngezinqubo zaso zokuhlola nokuhlola eziqinile, kanti inhloso yaso eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi okulinganisa ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokunemba ezihamba phambili emhlabeni. Emkhakheni we-granite straightedge, imfuneko ye-AA grade flatness iqine kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kushiwo ukuthi iphutha le-flatness ngaphakathi kobude bemitha ngayinye kufanele lilawulwe ngaphakathi kuka-±0.5μm. Leli zinga libeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zezakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa be-straightedge. I-granite straightedge yezinga le-AA eqinisekiswe yi-NIST ayigcini nje ngokuba isiqinisekiso esithembekile sokulinganisa okunembile, kodwa futhi iwubufakazi obunamandla bamandla obuchwepheshe bebhizinisi kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ii. Isisekelo Sekhwalithi se-ZHHIMG granite straightedge
I-ZHHIMG granite straightedge ibeke isisekelo esinembile kakhulu kusukela esigabeni sokukhetha izinto. I-granite yemvelo ekhethiwe esezingeni eliphezulu, ene-crystallization yamaminerali angaphakathi aminyene kanye nesakhiwo esifanayo, ine-coefficient yokukhulisa ukushisa ephansi njenge-5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃, futhi inamandla okuqina kwemvelo kanye nekhono lokulwa nokuguqulwa, okunikeza inzuzo engokwemvelo yokufinyelela ukuthamba kwezinga le-AA. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokucubungula, i-ZHHIMG isebenzisa amasu athuthukile njengokugaya nokupholisha kwe-CNC, kuhlanganiswe nemishini yokuthola enembile kakhulu njenge-laser interferometers yokulinganisa ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso be-straighteer bufinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kokuqala ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okudala izimo ezinhle zomsebenzi wokulinganisa olandelayo.
Iii. Amalungiselelo Ngaphambi Kokuhlela
Ngaphambi kokwenza ukulinganisa kwesitifiketi se-NIST, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-straightedge isesimweni esihle kakhulu. Okokuqala, ubuso be-straightedge kufanele buhlanzwe ngokujulile. Sebenzisa indwangu engena-lint kanye nesihlanzi esikhethekile ukususa amabala kawoyela, uthuli kanye nokunye ukungcola ebusweni ukuze ugweme ukungcola okuthinta ukunemba kokulinganisa. Okwesibili, beka i-straightedge endaweni enokushisa nomswakama okuhambisanayo amahora angaphezu kwama-24 ukuze ivumelane ngokugcwele nokushisa nomswakama wendawo, kususwe ukuguquguquka okuncane okungenzeka okubangelwa izinguquko zendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuluzi okulinganisa anokunemba okuphezulu njenge-laser interferometers kanye namazinga kagesi kudingeka alungiselelwe. Ukunemba kwala mathuluzi kuthinta ngqo ukunemba kwemiphumela yokulinganisa.
Iv. Inqubo Yokulinganisa kanye Nobuchwepheshe Obubalulekile
Ukulinganisa okungaqondile: Sebenzisa izinga le-elekthronikhi ukwenza isilinganiso sokuqala somphetho oqondile. Qoqa iphuzu lokulinganisa ngezikhathi ezithile (njenge-100mm) ukuthola idatha elinganiselwe yokwakheka komphetho oqondile. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokulinganisa, ubuso bomphetho oqondile baklanywa ngomshini ngemishini yokugaya ye-CNC ukuze kususwe amaphuzu aphezulu asobala, okwenza ukuba isicaba ekuqaleni sisondele ezidingweni ezijwayelekile zezinga le-AA.
Ukulinganisa ngokunemba: Ukulinganisa ngokunemba okuphezulu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-laser interferometer, engakwazi ukubona ngokunembile izinguquko zokuphakama ebusweni bomphetho oqondile ezingeni le-micrometer. Ngokusekelwe kudatha enikezwe yi-interferometer, ubuso bomphetho oqondile bagaywa kahle ngokuhlanganisa ukugaya ngesandla nomshini we-CNC. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya, ingcindezi yokugaya kanye nesiqondiso kudingeka kulungiswe njalo ukuze kuqedwe kancane kancane iphutha lokuba yisicaba, ukuze ukuba yisicaba kobuso bomphetho oqondile kufinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme.
Ukuqinisekiswa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokulungiswa kahle: Ngemva kokuqeda ukulinganiswa okuhle, sebenzisa i-laser interferometer kanye nezinga le-elekthronikhi ukuze wenze ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-straightedge futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphutha lokuthamba kwephuzu ngalinye lokulinganisa lingaphakathi kobubanzi obujwayelekile bezinga le-AA. Uma kutholakala amaphutha amancane endaweni yakini, ukulungiswa okuhle okuqondiwe kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube yilapho ukuthamba okuphelele kwe-straightedge kuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zezinga le-AA zesitifiketi se-NIST.
Isicelo kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesitifiketi se-V. NIST
Ngemva kokuqeda ukulinganisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-straightedge isifinyelele ukuqina kwezinga le-AA, ungathumela isicelo sesitifiketi ku-NIST. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka isicelo, kumele kunikezwe imingcele yobuchwepheshe eningiliziwe ye-straightedge, izincazelo zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, amarekhodi okulinganisa nezinye izinto. I-NIST izothumela ababuyekezi abangochwepheshe ukuze benze ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwendawo ye-straightedge. Ukubuyekezwa kuzohlanganisa izici eziningi ezifana nokuqina, ukuzinza kokushisa, kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwe-straightedge. I-straightedge ye-granite kuphela ephumelele ukubuyekezwa okuqinile engathola isitifiketi se-NIST futhi ibe umkhiqizo ojwayelekile emkhakheni wokulinganisa ngokunemba.
Ngokulandela iziqondiso zokulinganisa i-ZHHIMG granite straightedge eshiwo ngenhla, amabhizinisi nezikhungo zocwaningo zingafinyelela isitifiketi se-NIST kanye nemigomo ye-AA-flatness ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezimbonini ezinezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu njengokukhiqiza ngomshini, izindiza, noma ama-chip kagesi, i-ZHHIMG granite straightedge eqinisekiswe yi-NIST izoba ngumlingani othembekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba kokulinganisa kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, isize amabhizinisi ukuthi aqhubeke nokudlula emkhakheni wokulinganisa ukunemba futhi aqhubekele phambili ekusaseni lokunemba okuphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-13-2025