Izinqubo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokubumba izinqubo zokubumba ze-zirconia ceramics

Izinqubo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokubumba izinqubo zokubumba ze-zirconia ceramics
Inqubo yokubumba idlala indima exhumanisayo kuyo yonke inqubo yokulungiselela yezinto zokwakha ubumba, futhi iyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza kanye nokuphindwaphindwa kokukhiqizwa kwezinto ze-ceramic nezakhi.
Ngokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, indlela yendabuko yesandla yesandla, indlela yokwenza isondo, indlela yokubamba, njll. Kwama-ceramics wendabuko ngeke isakwazi ukufeza izidingo zomphakathi wanamuhla wokukhiqizwa nokucwaliswa, ngakho-ke kwazalwa inqubo entsha yokubumba. Izinsizakusebenza ze-ZRO2 ezinhle zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni eziyi-9 ezilandelayo zezinqubo zokubumba (izinhlobo ezi-2 zezindlela ezomile nezinhlobo eziyi-7 zezindlela ezimanzi):

1. Ukubumba okomile

1.1 Ukucindezela okomile

Ukucindezela okomile kusetshenziswa ingcindezi yokucindezela i-ceramic powder ibe ngohlobo oluthile lomzimba. Umnyombo wayo ukuthi ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, izinhlayiya ze-powder zisondelana kubumba, futhi zihlanganiswa ngokuqinile ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi ukuze kugcinwe isimo esithile. Isici esiyisisekelo emizimbeni eluhlaza ecindezelwe esomile yi-spallwation, kungenxa yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi phakathi kwama-powders kanye nokuxabana phakathi kwamapondo nodonga lokubumba, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwengcindezi ngaphakathi komzimba.

Izinzuzo zokucindezela ezomile ukuthi usayizi womzimba ohlaza unembile, ukusebenza kulula, futhi kulula ukubona ukusebenza okwenziwe ngomshini; Okuqukethwe umswakama kanye ne-binter ekucindezelweni okuluhlaza okomile kungaphansi, futhi ukudonsa nokudubula shrinkage kuncane. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwakha imikhiqizo enobukhulu obulula, futhi isilinganiso sesici sincane. Izindleko ezandisiwe zokukhiqiza ezibangelwa ukugqokwa kokubumba ukungathandeki kokucindezela owomile.

1.2 Ukucindezela okuzayo

Ukucindezela oku-Isstatic kuyindlela ekhethekile yokwakha eyenziwe ngesisekelo sokucindezela kwendabuko eyomile. Isebenzisa ingcindezi yokudluliselwa uketshezi ukufaka ingcindezi ngokulinganayo ku-powder ngaphakathi kwesibungu sokunwebeka kusuka kuzo zonke izinkomba. Ngenxa yokuvumelana kokucindezela kwangaphakathi koketshezi, i-powder ibhekela ingcindezi efanayo kuzo zonke izinkomba, ngakho umehluko ekubuthakathaka komzimba oluhlaza ungagwenywa.

Ukucindezela oku-Isstatic kuhlukaniswe ngesikhwama esimanzi ngokucindezela okucindezelayo kanye nesikhwama esomile ngokucindezela okuzayo. Isikhwama esimanzi esishubile singakha imikhiqizo ngezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kepha zingasebenza kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile. Isikhwama esomile sokucindezela okusostratic sikwazi ukuthola ukusebenza okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo, kepha singakwazi kuphela imikhiqizo enezimo ezilula ezifana nezikwele, eziyindilinga, kanye ne-tubular cross-purs. Ukucindezela oku-Isstatic kungathola umzimba ohlaza okotshani kanye nomzimba ohlaza okwesikhashana, ngokuqoshwa okumbalwa okushisayo kanye nokushiswa kwama-shrinkate kuzo zonke izinkomba, kepha imishini iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ibiza kakhulu, futhi ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwezidingo ezikhethekile.

2. Ukwakheka okumanzi

2.1 I-Grouting
Inqubo yokubumba ye-grouting iyafana nokusakaza kwe-tepi, umehluko ukuthi inqubo yokubumba ifaka inqubo yokuphelelwa amandla kanye nenqubo yokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali. Ukuphelelwa ngamandla ngokomzimba kususa amanzi ase-slurry ngesenzo se-capillary se-porous gypsum isikhunta. I-CA2 + ekhiqizwa ukuchithwa kwe-surfate casto4 yandisa amandla e-ionic of the slurry, okuphumela ekuthini kwe-slurry.
Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuwohloka komzimba kanye nokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali, izinhlayiya ze-ceramic powder zifakwa odongeni oludongeni lwe-gypsum. I-Grouting ilungele ukulungiswa kwezingxenye ezinkulu ze-ceramic ngobumba obuyinkimbinkimbi, kepha ikhwalithi yomzimba oluhlaza, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka, ukuqina, amandla abasebenzi aphezulu, futhi akufanelekile ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo.

2.2 Hot die casting
I-Hot Die Casting ukuxuba i-ceramic powder nge-binder (ipharafini) ekushiseni okuphezulu (60 ~ 100 ℃) ukuthola ama-slurry wokudla okushisayo okushisayo. I-slurry ifakwe ku-Metal isikhunta ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya ocindezelwe, futhi ingcindezi iyagcinwa. Ukupholisa, ukudilizwa ukuthola i-wax kungenalutho, i-wax engenalutho ikhishwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwempusela ye-inert ukuthola umzimba oluhlaza, futhi umzimba oluhlaza utholwe ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze ube yi-porcelain.

Umzimba ohlaza okotshani owakhiwa ngokushisa okushisayo okushisayo unezinhlobonhlobo eziqondile, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi, ukugqoka okuncane okuncane nokusebenza okuphezulu kokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza okuhlukahlukene okuluhlaza. Izinga lokushisa le-wax slurry futhi isikhunta sidinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile, uma kungenjalo lizodala umjovo noma i-deformation, ngakho-ke inqubo yokudubula ezimbili iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amabili kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okubili kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okubili kuphakeme.

2.3 I-Tape Casting
Ukusakaza kwethayela ukuxuba ngokuphelele i-powder yobumbano ngenani elikhulu lezinhlanganisela ze-organic, amapulasitiki, ama-dispersants, njll. Ukuthola i-slurry egeleziwe, engeza i-slurry ku-hopper yomshini wokuphonsa, bese usebenzisa i-scracer ukulawula ubukhulu. Iphuma ebhekeni lokuhambisa i-conveveror ngokusebenzisa i-nozzle yokuphakelayo, futhi ifilimu lingenalutho litholakala ngemuva kokomiswa.

Le nqubo ilungele ukulungiswa kwezinto zefilimu. Ukuze kutholwe ukuguquguquka okungcono, kufakwa inani elikhulu lezinhlelo ze-organic, futhi amapharamitha enqubo ayadingeka ukuthi alawulwe ngokuqinile, uma kungenjalo azodala kalula izici ezinjengokukhonkotha, ama-streaks, amandla amahle wefilimu noma ukugcwala kwamafilimu aphansi noma ukugcwala okuphansi kwefilimu noma ukukhonkotha okuphansi noma okukhokhwayo kwamafilimu noma ukugcwala okuphansi noma ukugcwala okuphansi. Into esetshenziswayo esetshenzisiwe inobuthi futhi izodala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kanye nohlelo olungelona ubuthi noma olunobuthi olunobuthi kufanele lusetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

2.4 gel umjocction boilding
Inqubo yokuhlolisisa ye-GEL umjovo iyinqubo entsha ye-Colloidal Rapid Prototyping inqubo yokuqala eyasungulwa abacwaningi e-Oak Ridge National Laboratory ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990s. Emgogodleni wayo ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ze-organic monomer ezinama-polymerize kumandla aphezulu, ama-polymer-solvent axhumeke kamuva.

I-slurry ye-ceramic powder ecijile kwikhambi lama-monomers ezi-organic aphonswa kubumba, kanye nengxube yengxube ye-monomer polymerizes ukwakha ingxenye eceliwe. Njengoba i-polymer-solvent exhumeke kamuva iqukethe kuphela i-10% -20% (i-mass fraction) i-polymer, kulula ukususa i-solvent kusuka engxenyeni yejeli ngesinyathelo sokomi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yokuxhumana okulandelayo kwama-polymers, ama-polymers awakwazi ukuthutha nge-solvent ngesikhathi senqubo yokomisa.

Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ze-ceramic zesigaba esisodwa nezihlanganisiwe, ezingakha izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zobumba obuyinkimbinkimbi, i-quasi-net-sise ceramic, namandla ayo aluhlaza, namandla ayo aluhlaza aphakeme njenge-20-30mpta noma ngaphezulu, okungaphindiselwa. Inkinga enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi izinga lokuhlanza umzimba lomzimba we-umbungu liphezulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqunjelwa, okuholela kalula ekulweni komzimba womzimba; Amanye ama-monomers aphilayo anokuvinjwa komoya-mpilo, okubangela indawo ukuba iwele bese iwa; Ngenxa yenqubo yokushisa ye-organic monomer polymerization polymerization, okwenza ukushefa kwezinga lokushisa kuholela ekubeni khona kwengcindezi yangaphakathi, okubangela ukuthi izikhala ziphulwe.

2,5 Direct Solificationificationification Umjovoing Ukubumba
Ukuqiniswa okuqinile okuqinisayo kungubuchwepheshe bokubumba obuthuthukiswe yi-ETH Zurich: I-Solvent Water, i-Ceramic Powder kanye ne-organic-addtitives ixutshwe ngokuphelele ukwakha i-Slurry Ph noma amakhemikhali akhulisa amandla agesi, khona-ke ama-slurry afakwa kwisibukiso esingewona esikhulu.

Lawula inqubekela phambili yokusabela kwamakhemikhali ngesikhathi senqubo. Ukusabela ngaphambi kokubumba kwe-injoction kwenziwa kancane, ukubonakala kwe-slurry kugcinwa kuphansi, futhi ukusabela kusheshiswa ngemuva kokubumba komjovo, izinqola ziguqulwa, futhi i-slurry ye-fluid iguqulwa ibe ngumzimba oqinile. Umzimba otholwe uluhlaza unezindawo ezinhle zemishini futhi amandla angafinyelela ku-5KPA. Umzimba ohlaza udilizwa, omisiwe futhi wenziwe ngesono ukwakha ingxenye ye-ceramic yokwakheka okufisayo.

Izinzuzo zayo ukuthi ayidingi noma idinga kuphela inani elincane lezithasiselo ze-organic (ezingaphansi kwe-1%), umzimba ohlaza awudingi ukungcola, ubuningi bomzimba obukhulu buphakeme, futhi kungakha izingxenye zobumba zobumba obukhulu nezibunjiwe obukhulu. Okubi kwayo ukuthi izengezo ziyabiza, futhi igesi ngokuvamile ikhishwe ngesikhathi sokusabela.

2.6 Ukubumba Ukubumba
Ukubumba kokukhwabanisa sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswe ekubumbeni kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki nokubumba kwezikhunta zensimbi. Le nqubo isebenzisa ukwelashwa okushisa okuphansi kwama-organics we-thermoplastic noma ukwelashwa okushisa okuphezulu kwama-organics we-thermoset. I-powder kanye ne-organic carriers kuxutshaniswe emishini ekhethekile yokuxuba, bese kufakwa kubumba ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu (amashumi kumakhulu e-MPA). Ngenxa yengcindezi enkulu yokubumba, izikhala ezitholwe zinobukhulu obuqondile, ukushelela okuphezulu nesakhiwo esihlangene; Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile yokubumba kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1980, inqubo yokubumba umjovo yafakwa ekubumbeni izingxenye zobumba. Le nqubo ibona ukubumba kwepulasitiki kwezinto eziyinyumba ngokungeza inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, okuyinqubo evamile yokubumba yeplamisi. Kubuchwepheshe bokubumba umjovo, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-thermoplastic organics (njenge-polyethylene, i-polystyrene), i-armoset arganics (enjenge-polyments e-epoxy), noma ama-polymers ancibilikayo, noma ama-ejensi ahlanganisiwe ukuthuthukisa uketshezi lokumiswa komjovo we-ceramic futhi uqinisekise ikhwalithi womjovo obunjiwe.

Inqubo yokubumba umjovo inezinzuzo zezinga eliphakeme le-automation kanye nosayizi oqondile wokubumba okungenalutho. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-organic emzimbeni oluhlaza we-Curamic izingxenye zobumba ziphakeme njenge-50Vol%. Kuthatha isikhathi eside, ngisho nezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya ezinsukwini eziningi, ukuqeda lezi zinto eziphilayo kwinqubo elandelayo yesono, futhi kulula ukudala izinkinga zekhwalithi.

2.7 Ukuhlanganiswa komjovo we-colloidal
Ukuze uxazulule izinkinga zenani elikhulu lento enezinto eziphilayo kanye nobunzima bokuqeda ubunzima kwinqubo yokuhlolisisa yomjovo yendalo yendalo, futhi kwakhiwa ngokuzimela i-colloidal umjovo yokubumba ukubonisa ukumbona ngokuthambisa kwe-burren ceramic slurry. kwakheka.

Umqondo oyisisekelo ukuhlanganisa ukubumba ama-colloidal nge-imjoction inilding, usebenzisa imishini yokujova kokuphathelene nobuchwepheshe obusha belapha obunikezwe yinqubo yokuqinisa in-situ in-situolifing yokuqinisa. Le nqubo entsha isebenzisa ngaphansi kwe-4WT.% Yezinto eziphilayo. Inani elincane lama-monomers we-organic noma ama-organic armionds ekumisweni okususelwa emanzini asetshenziselwa ukusheshe anikeze ukushesha kwe-polymerization yama-monomers ezi-organic ngemuva kwesigaxa sokwenza ithambo lenethiwekhi ye-organic, elisonga kakhulu i-ceramic powder. Phakathi kwazo, hhayi kuphela isikhathi se-degumming sifinyezwa kakhulu, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuqhekeka kokuqunjelwa kwe-degumming kuncishiswe kakhulu.

Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokubumba kwe-Curamics kanye nokubumba kwe-colloidal. Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi owokuqala ungowesigaba sokubumba kwepulasitiki, kanti owokugcina ungowokubumba okumnandi, okungukuthi, ama-slurry awekho izinto eziyinyumba futhi ayinto eyinyumba. Ngoba i-slurry ayinalo iplastiki ekubumbeni kwe-colloidal, umbono wendabuko wokubumba umjovo we-ceramic awukwazi ukwamukelwa. Uma ukubumba kwe-colloidal kuhlangene nokubumba komjovo, ukubumba okukhohlisayo kwe-colloidal of ceramic kwe-ceramic kutholakala ngokusebenzisa imishini yokulinganisa kanye nekholoji entsha yelapha enikezwe yinqubo yokubumba ye-colloidal in-situ.

Inqubo entsha yokubumba kwe-colloidal umjovo wama-ceramics yehlukile ekubumbeni okujwayelekile kokubumba kanye nokubumba komjovo wendabuko. Inzuzo ye-automation ephezulu yokubumba yokubumba ingukuhlobisa okulungile kwenqubo yokubumba ye-colloidal, okuzoba yithemba lokuthuthuka kwezimboni ze-ceramics eziphezulu.