Izinqubo zokubumba ezinembayo eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-zirconia ceramics

Izinqubo zokubumba ezinembayo eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-zirconia ceramics
Inqubo yokubumba idlala indima yokuxhumanisa kuyo yonke inqubo yokulungiswa kwezinto zobumba, futhi iyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza nokuphindaphinda ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zobumba kanye nezingxenye.
Ngokuthuthuka komphakathi, indlela yendabuko yokuxova ngesandla, indlela yokwenza isondo, indlela yokugawula, njll. yezitsha zobumba zendabuko azisakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomphakathi wanamuhla zokukhiqiza nokucwengisiswa, ngakho-ke inqubo entsha yokubumba yazalwa.I-ZrO2 isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni eziyi-9 zezinqubo zokubumba (izinhlobo ezi-2 zezindlela ezomile nezinhlobo eziyi-7 zezindlela ezimanzi):

1. Ukubumba okomile

1.1 Ukucindezela okomile

Ukucindezela okomile kusebenzisa ingcindezi ukuze ucindezele impushana ye-ceramic ibe yisimo esithile somzimba.Ingqikithi yayo iwukuthi ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, izinhlayiya ze-powder zisondela komunye nomunye ekubunjweni, futhi zihlanganiswe ngokuqinile nokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi ukuze kugcinwe isimo esithile.Isici esiyinhloko emizimbeni eluhlaza ecindezelwe okomile i-spallation, okubangelwa ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi phakathi kwezimpushana kanye nokungqubuzana phakathi kwezimpushana nodonga lwesikhunta, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwengcindezi ngaphakathi komzimba.

Izinzuzo zokucindezela okomile ukuthi usayizi womzimba oluhlaza unembile, ukusebenza kulula, futhi kulula ukubona ukusebenza kwemishini;okuqukethwe komswakama kanye ne-binder ekucindezelweni okomile okuluhlaza kuncane, futhi ukuncipha kokushisa nokudubula kuncane.Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukwakha imikhiqizo enezimo ezilula, futhi i-aspect ratio incane.Izindleko zokukhiqiza ezikhuphukile ezibangelwa ukuguga kwesikhunta kungukubi kokucindezela okomile.

1.2 Ukucindezela kwe-Isostatic

Ukucindezela kwe-Isostatic kuyindlela ekhethekile yokwakha eyakhiwe ngesisekelo sokucindezela okomile kwendabuko.Isebenzisa ingcindezi yokudlulisa uketshezi ukuze ifake ingcindezi ngokulinganayo kumpushana ngaphakathi kwesikhunta esinwebekayo kuzo zonke izinkomba.Ngenxa yokuvumelana kokucindezela kwangaphakathi koketshezi, i-powder ithwala ukucindezela okufanayo kuzo zonke izinkomba, ngakho-ke umehluko kubuningi bomzimba oluhlaza ungagwenywa.

Ukucindezela kwe-Isostatic kuhlukaniswe ngesikhwama esimanzi sokucindezela isostatic kanye nesikhwama esomile sokucindezela kwe-isostatic.Isikhwama esimanzi ukucindezela isostatic kungakha imikhiqizo enobumo obuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kungasebenza kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile.Isikhwama esomile ukucindezela kwe-isostatic kungabona ukusebenza okuqhubekayo okuzenzakalelayo, kodwa kungakha kuphela imikhiqizo enomumo olula njengesikwele, esiyindilinga, nezingxenye eziphambanayo zamashubhu.Ukucindezela kwe-Isostatic kungathola umzimba oluhlaza omfaniswano nominyene, onokuncipha okuncane kokudubula kanye nokuncipha komfaniswano kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kodwa imishini iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iyabiza, futhi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza akuphakeme, futhi kulungele kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezikhethekile. izidingo.

2. Ukubumba okumanzi

2.1 I-Grouting
Inqubo yokubumba i-grouting ifana nokukhipha i-tape, umehluko wukuthi inqubo yokubumba ihlanganisa inqubo yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nenqubo ye-chemical coagulation.Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kususa amanzi ku-slurry ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-capillary sesikhunta se-porous gypsum.I-Ca2+ ekhiqizwe ukuhlakazeka kwendawo engaphezulu kwe-CaSO4 inyusa amandla e-ionic odaka, okuholela ekushibilikeni kodaka.
Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye ne-chemical coagulation, izinhlayiya ze-ceramic powder zifakwe odongeni lwesikhunta se-gypsum.I-Grouting ilungele ukulungiswa kwezingxenye ezinkulu ze-ceramic ezinobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ikhwalithi yomzimba oluhlaza, okuhlanganisa ukuma, ukuminyana, amandla, njll., impofu, ukuqina kwabasebenzi kuphezulu, futhi akufanelekile. imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo.

2.2 Ukudubula okushisayo kwe-die
I-hot die casting iwukuxuba impushana ye-ceramic ne-binder (upharafini) emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu (60~100℃) ukuze kutholwe udaka lokuphonswa kwefa elishisayo.I-slurry ijojowe esikhunjeni sensimbi ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya ocindezelweyo, futhi ingcindezi igcinwa.Ukupholisa, ukudiliza ukuze kutholakale i-wax engenalutho, i-wax engenalutho ikhishwa ngaphansi kwesivikelo sempushana engasebenzi ukuze kutholwe umzimba oluhlaza, futhi umzimba oluhlaza ushiswa ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze ube yi-porcelain.

Umzimba oluhlaza owakhiwe ngokusakazwa kwe-hot die unobukhulu obunembile, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi okufanayo, ukugqokwa kwesikhunta esincane nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, futhi ifanele izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene.Ukushisa kwe-wax slurry kanye nesikhunta kudinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzobangela ngaphansi komjovo noma ukuguqulwa, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu, futhi inqubo yokudubula yezinyathelo ezimbili iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu.

2.3 Ukulingisa itheyiphu
I-tape casting iwukuxuba ngokugcwele impushana ye-ceramic nenani elikhulu lezibophezelo zemvelo, ama-plasticizers, ama-dispersants, njll.Igeleza iphumele ebhandeni lokuhambisa ngembobo yokudla, futhi ifilimu engenalutho itholakala ngemva kokoma.

Le nqubo ifaneleka ekulungiseleleni izinto zefilimu.Ukuze uthole ukuguquguquka okungcono, inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo liyengezwa, futhi imingcele yenqubo iyadingeka ukuba ilawulwe ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho izobangela kalula iziphambeko ezifana nokuxebuka, imivimbo, amandla efilimu aphansi noma ukuxebuka okunzima.Izinto eziphilayo ezisetshenziswayo zinobuthi futhi zizobangela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, futhi uhlelo olungenabuthi noma olungenabuthi obuncane kufanele lusetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

2.4 Ukubumba umjovo wejeli
Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba umjovo we-gel wuhlelo olusha lwe-colloidal olusheshayo olwaqalwa abacwaningi e-Oak Ridge National Laboratory ekuqaleni kwawo-1990.Umnyombo wawo ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ze-organic monomer ezenza i-polymerize ibe amandla aphezulu, amajeli e-polymer-solvent axhumeke eceleni.

I-slurry ye-ceramic powder encibilikisiwe esixazululweni se-organic monomers iphonswa esikhunjeni, bese ingxube ye-monomer ipholisa ukuze yakhe ingxenye ye-gelled.Njengoba i-polymer-solvent exhunywe eceleni iqukethe kuphela i-10% -20% (ingxenye enkulu) ye-polymer, kulula ukususa i-solvent engxenyeni yejeli ngesinyathelo sokumisa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuxhumeka kwe-lateral kwama-polymers, ama-polymers awakwazi ukufuduka ne-solvent ngesikhathi sokumisa.

Le ndlela ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ze-ceramic ezinesigaba esisodwa nezihlanganisiwe, ezingakha izingxenye ze-ceramic ezinomumo oyinkimbinkimbi, olingana nenethi, futhi amandla ayo aluhlaza afinyelela ku-20-30Mpa noma ngaphezulu, angacutshungulwa kabusha.Inkinga enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi izinga lokuncipha komzimba wombungu liphakeme kakhulu phakathi nenqubo yokuqina, okuholela kalula ekuguqulweni komzimba wombungu;amanye ama-organic monomers ane-oxygen inhibition, okubangela ukuthi ingaphezulu lixebuke futhi liwe;ngenxa yenqubo ye-polymerization ye-organic monomer ebangelwa izinga lokushisa, okubangela ukushefa kwe-Temperature kuholela ekubeni khona kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, okubangela ukuthi izikhala ziphuke nokunye.

2.5 Ukubumba umjovo wokuqiniswa okuqondile
Ukubunjwa komjovo wokuqiniswa okuqondile kuwubuchwepheshe bokubumba obuthuthukiswe yi-ETH Zurich: amanzi ancibilikayo, impushana ye-ceramic nezithasiselo eziphilayo zixutshwe ngokuphelele ukuze zakhe i-electrostatically stable, low-viscosity, high-solid-content-slurry, engashintshwa ngokungeza i-Slurry pH noma amakhemikhali. okwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-electrolyte, khona-ke i-slurry ijovwa esikhunjini esingenazimbotshana.

Lawula ukuqhubeka kokusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi nenqubo.Ukusabela ngaphambi kokubunjwa komjovo kwenziwa kancane, i-viscosity ye-slurry igcinwa iphansi, futhi ukusabela kuyasheshiswa ngemva kokubunjwa komjovo, i-slurry iyaqina, futhi i-slurry ewuketshezi iguqulwa ibe umzimba oqinile.Umzimba oluhlaza otholiwe unezakhiwo ezinhle zokukhanda futhi amandla angafinyelela ku-5kPa.Umzimba oluhlaza uyadilizwa, womiswe futhi ufakwe emanzini ukuze wenze ingxenye ye-ceramic yomumo oyifunayo.

Izinzuzo zayo ukuthi ayidingi noma idinga kuphela inani elincane lezithasiselo eziphilayo (ngaphansi kwe-1%), umzimba oluhlaza awudingi ukwehliswa, ukuminyana komzimba oluhlaza kufana, ukuminyana okuhlobene kuphezulu (55% ~ 70%), futhi ingakha izingxenye ze-ceramic ezinosayizi omkhulu neziyinkimbinkimbi.Ububi bayo ukuthi izithasiselo ziyabiza, futhi igesi ngokuvamile ikhishwa ngesikhathi sokusabela.

2.6 Ukubumba umjovo
Ukubumba umjovo sekuyisikhathi eside kusetshenziswa ekubunjweni kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki kanye nokubumba isikhunta sensimbi.Le nqubo isebenzisa ukushisa okuphansi kwe-thermoplastic organics noma ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-thermosetting organics.I-powder ne-organic carrier ixubene emshinini wokuxuba okhethekile, bese ijova esikhunjeni ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu (amashumi kuya kumakhulu we-MPa).Ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu kokubumba, izikhala ezitholiwe zinezilinganiso eziqondile, ubushelelezi obuphezulu kanye nesakhiwo esihlangene;ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile yokubumba kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1980, inqubo yokubumba umjovo yasetshenziswa ekubunjweni kwezingxenye zobumba.Le nqubo ibona ukubunjwa kwepulasitiki kwezinto ezingenalutho ngokwengeza inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, okuyinqubo evamile yokubumba ipulasitiki ye-ceramic.Kubuchwepheshe bokubumba umjovo, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-thermoplastic organics (njenge-polyethylene, i-polystyrene), i-thermosetting organics (njenge-epoxy resin, i-phenolic resin), noma ama-polymers ancibilika emanzini njengesibophezelo esikhulu, kuyadingeka ukwengeza Amanani athile enqubo. izinsiza ezifana nama-plasticizers, izinto zokuthambisa kanye nama-coupling agents ukuze kuthuthukiswe uketshezi lokumiswa komjovo we-ceramic nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomzimba obunjiwe womjovo.

Inqubo yokubumba umjovo inezinzuzo zezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela kanye nosayizi oqondile we-blank blank.Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-organic emzimbeni oluhlaza wezingxenye ze-ceramic ezibunjwe ngomjovo kuphezulu njengo-50vol%.Kuthatha isikhathi eside, ngisho nezinsuku ezimbalwa ukuya ezinsukwini eziningi, ukususa lezi zinto ze-organic enqubweni elandelayo ye-sintering, futhi kulula ukubangela ukukhubazeka kwekhwalithi.

2.7 Ukubumba umjovo we-Colloidal
Ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga zenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezingeziwe kanye nobunzima bokuqeda ubunzima enqubweni yokubumba umjovo wendabuko, iNyuvesi yaseTsinghua yahlongoza ngobuciko inqubo entsha yokubunjwa komjovo we-colloidal we-ceramics, futhi yathuthukisa ngokuzimela umjovo wokubumba we-colloidal. ukubona umjovo we-ceramic slurry eyinyumba.ukwakha.

Umqondo oyisisekelo uwukuhlanganisa ukubumba kwe-colloidal nokubumba komjovo, kusetshenziswa okokusebenza komjovo okuphathelene nobuchwepheshe obusha bokuphulukisa obuhlinzekwe yinqubo yokubumba i-colloidal in-situ solidification.Le nqubo entsha isebenzisa ngaphansi kuka-4wt.% wezinto eziphilayo.Inani elincane lama-organic monomers noma ama-organic compounds ekumisweni okusekelwe emanzini lisetshenziselwa ukuheha ngokushesha i-polymerization yama-organic monomers ngemva kokujova esikhunjini ukuze kwakheke uhlaka lwamathambo e-organic network, olugoqa ngokulinganayo impushana ye-ceramic.Phakathi kwabo, hhayi kuphela isikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-degumming esifinyeziwe kakhulu, kodwa futhi ithuba lokuqhekeka kwe-degumming liyancipha kakhulu.

Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokubunjwa komjovo we-ceramics kanye nokubunjwa kwe-colloidal.Umehluko omkhulu wukuthi owokuqala ungowesigaba sokubunjwa kwepulasitiki, futhi lokhu okugcina kungokwe-slurry molding, okungukuthi, i-slurry ayinakho i-plasticity futhi iyinto eyinyumba.Ngenxa yokuthi i-slurry ayinakho ipulasitiki ekubunjweni kwe-colloidal, umqondo wendabuko wokubunjwa komjovo we-ceramic awukwazi ukwamukelwa.Uma ukubumba kwe-colloidal kuhlanganiswa nokubunjwa komjovo, ukubumba komjovo we-colloidal wezinto zobumba kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini yomjovo wobunikazi kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bokuphulukisa obuhlinzekwa inqubo yokubumba ye-colloidal in-situ.

Inqubo entsha yokubunjwa komjovo we-colloidal wezitsha zobumba ihlukile ekubumbeni okujwayelekile kwe-colloidal kanye nokubunjwa komjovo wendabuko.Inzuzo yezinga eliphakeme lokubumba okuzenzakalelayo i-sublimation yekhwalithi yenqubo yokubumba i-colloidal, ezoba ithemba lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezitsha zobumba ezisezingeni eliphezulu.