Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza amathuluzi omshini anembile kakhulu, lapho ngisho nokudlidliza kwezinga le-micron kungaphazamisa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza, indima yokusebenza kokudambisa i-granite ivele njengento eshintsha umdlalo. Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kwakamuva okwenziwe amabhizinisi amakhulu okukhiqiza ngokunemba kwasekhaya kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo lwemboni kuqinisekisile ukuthi ukwenza ngcono izici zokudambisa i-granite kunganciphisa kakhulu ukudlidliza komshini, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule isivuno sezingxenye ezinembile kakhulu ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-15 kuya ku-20%. Lokhu kuphumelela kuhlelwe ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokudambisa ngokunemba yaseShayina futhi kunikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kobuchwepheshe bokushintshaniswa kwasekhaya kwamathuluzi omshini aphezulu.
Amathuluzi omshini anembile kakhulu ayimishini eyinhloko yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezibalulekile emikhakheni efana nama-semiconductor, amandla amasha, izindiza kanye nezimoto. Ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini, ukudlidliza okukhiqizwa yithuluzi lomshini ngokwalo, amathuluzi okusika kanye nokusebenzisana kweziqeshana zomsebenzi kuvame ukuholela ekuqineni kobuso, ukuphambuka kobukhulu ngisho nokuguguleka kwamathuluzi, okuthinta ngqo izinga lokufaneleka kwemikhiqizo eqediwe. “Ngezimo zomshini ezinembile kakhulu ezidinga ukunemba kwe-submicron, ukulawulwa kokudlidliza kuyinto eza kuqala,” kusho uLi Ming, unjiniyela omkhulu e-China Precision Machinery Industry Research Institute. “Izisekelo zamathuluzi omshini wensimbi yendabuko zinamakhono alinganiselwe okunciphisa, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba eziqinile zokukhiqiza kwanamuhla.”
Ngenxa yalesi simo, i-granite iye yathatha indawo yensimbi ephothiwe kancane kancane njengento ekhethwayo yezisekelo zamathuluzi omshini anokunemba okuphezulu kanye namatafula okusebenza ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba. I-granite yemvelo inobulukhuni obuphezulu, i-coefficient yokukhulisa ukushisa okuphansi kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka, futhi isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi esiyingqayizivele siyinika ukusebenza kwayo okuphakeme kokuphothiwe — inzuzo ebalulekile i-cast iron engenakukwazi ukuyifanisa. Ukuze kuhlolwe ngokugcwele amandla okuphothiwe kwe-granite ekwenzeni ngcono isivuno somshini, ithimba locwaningo elihlangene elakhiwe amabhizinisi ezimboni kanye namanyuvesi lenze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zokudlidliza eziqondiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwe esikhungweni somshini wokugaya esinokunemba okuphezulu esinama-axis ama-5 esinesisekelo se-granite, kugxilwe ekulinganiseni impendulo yokudlidliza kwethuluzi lomshini ngesikhathi sokusika izingxenye ze-titanium alloy kanye nezingxenye ze-aluminium alloy ezinamandla aphezulu. Ithimba laqala lahlola ubukhulu bokudlidliza kanye nemvamisa yesisekelo sensimbi ephonswe ngaphansi kwamapharamitha afanayo okucubungula, labe selifaka esikhundleni salo isisekelo se-granite esasithole ukwelashwa okukhethekile kokulungisa ukudambisa futhi lenza izivivinyo zokuqhathanisa. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonise ukuthi isisekelo se-granite sinciphise ubukhulu bokudlidliza kwethuluzi lomshini ngo-40% kuya ku-50% ebangeni lemvamisa eliphakathi kuka-50 Hz no-2000 Hz, okuyibhendi yemvamisa yokudlidliza eyinhloko ethinta ukunemba komshini.
“Ingqikithi yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-granite damping isezicini ezimbili: ukukhethwa kwezinto kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ngemuva,” kuchaza uWang Tao, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe we-Shandong Xinhua Granite Precision Components Co., Ltd., omunye wabahlanganyeli ovivinyweni. “Sikhethe i-granite ore enokwakheka okufanayo kwamaminerali kanye ne-porosity ephansi yangaphakathi, futhi ngemva kokusika ngokunemba nokwelashwa kokuguga, sathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-damping ngokuguqulwa kwendawo kanye nezakhiwo ze-damping ezifakiwe. Idatha yokuhlolwa kokudlidliza iqinisekisile ngokugcwele ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zingamunca futhi zichithe ngempumelelo ukudlidliza komshini, zigweme umthelela wokuzwakala kwekhwalithi yokucubungula.”
Umphumela wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kobuchwepheshe be-granite damping obuthuthukisiwe umangalisa nakakhulu. Umkhiqizi wezingxenye zezimoto ohamba phambili eShanghai usebenzise ubuchwepheshe emgqeni wakhe wokukhiqiza izingxenye zenjini ngokunemba. Ngemva kwenyanga yokusebenza kwesilingo, isivuno sama-crankshaft nama-camshafts sanda kusuka ku-82% saya ku-98%, kanti ubulukhuni bomphezulu wezingxenye behlisiwe kusuka ku-Ra 0.8 μm saya ku-Ra 0.4 μm, okuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zezinjini zezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu. “Ukuncipha kwemikhiqizo enephutha akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kufinyeze umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, okuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zomnotho ebhizinisini,” kusho uZhang Wei, umphathi wokukhiqiza womkhiqizi.
Abangaphakathi embonini baveze ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kobuchwepheshe bokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-granite damping kuyisibonelo esivamile sokuhlanganiswa kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhanda ngokunemba. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-AI kanye namawele edijithali, ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuqina kwezingxenye ze-granite kuzophinde kuqhubekele ekuhlakanipheni. Esikhathini esizayo, amabhizinisi angalungisa amapharamitha okunciphisa ukuqina kwezisekelo ze-granite ngesikhathi sangempela ngokuya ngezinto ezahlukene zokugaya, izinqubo kanye nezidingo zokunemba ngezinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile, kufezwe ukulawulwa kokudlidliza okwenziwe ngezifiso nokunembile.
I-China Machine Tool Industry Association ikhiphe idatha ekhombisa ukuthi isidingo semakethe samathuluzi omshini asebenza kahle kakhulu anezingxenye ze-granite sikhula ngesilinganiso sama-25% ngonyaka. Ukwenziwa ngcono kokusebenza kokudambisa i-granite kuzokwandisa kakhulu izimo zokusetshenziswa kwe-granite embonini yamathuluzi omshini, hhayi kuphela ezikhungweni zomshini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa futhi nasemishinini yokulinganisa ehlelekile, imishini yokucubungula i-laser kanye neminye imishini ephezulu. Lokhu kuzosiza imboni yamathuluzi omshini yaseShayina ukuthi idlule enkingeni yobuchwepheshe yokulawula ukunemba futhi ithuthukise ukuncintisana kwayo kwamazwe ngamazwe.
“Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kuyisisekelo sokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-granite damping, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwesivuno semishini kuyinjongo yokugcina yokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe,” kusho uChen Hong, uprofesa eSikoleni Sobunjiniyela Bemishini saseTsinghua University. “Esikhathini esizayo, sizoqhubeka nokujulisa ucwaningo mayelana nendlela yokudambisa i-granite, sithuthukise izinqubo zokuthuthukisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezindlela zokuhlola, futhi sinikele kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwemboni yokukhiqiza enembile yaseShayina.”
Njengezinto ezibalulekile zemishini esezingeni eliphezulu, i-granite idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yokulungisa ngokunemba. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle, eqinisekiswe ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kwesayensi, ngokuqinisekile izofaka amandla amasha ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamathuluzi omshini waseShayina futhi isize umkhakha wokukhiqiza osezingeni eliphezulu wasekhaya ukuthi uthathe isinyathelo esiqinile esibheke ku-high-end value chain yomhlaba wonke. 
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-15-2026