Yiziphi izinzuzo zesikhungo sokulungisa imibhede ye-marble casting?
Ukuphonswa kwamaminerali (i-granite eyenziwe ngumuntu eyaziwa nangokuthi i-resin concrete) kuye kwamukelwa kabanzi embonini yamathuluzi omshini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 njengento yokwakha.
Ngokwezibalo, eYurophu, ithuluzi lomshini elilodwa kwayishumi lisebenzisa ukuthungwa kwamaminerali njengombhede. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kolwazi olungafanele, ulwazi olungaphelele noma olungalungile kungaholela ekusolweni nasekubandlululweni kokuthungwa kwamaminerali. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenziwa imishini emisha, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokuthungwa kwamaminerali bese uqhathanisa nezinye izinto.
Isisekelo semishini yokwakha ngokuvamile sihlukaniswe ngensimbi ephothiwe, ukuphothwa kwamaminerali (i-polymer kanye/noma ukhonkolo we-resin ophendulayo), isakhiwo sensimbi/esihlanganisiwe (i-grouting/non-grouting) kanye netshe lemvelo (njenge-granite). Izinto ngazinye zinezici zazo, futhi azikho izinto zokwakha eziphelele. Kuphela ngokuhlola izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezinto ngokwezidingo ezithile zesakhiwo, lapho izinto zokwakha ezifanele zingakhethwa khona.
Imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile yezinto zokwakha—iqinisekisa i-geometry, isikhundla kanye nokumuncwa kwamandla kwezingxenye, ngokulandelana ibeka phambili izidingo zokusebenza (ukusebenza okungaguquki, okuguqukayo kanye nokushisa), izidingo zokusebenza/zesakhiwo (ukunemba, isisindo, ukujiya kodonga, ukulula kwemigqa yokuqondisa) yokufakwa kwezinto, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwemidiya, ezokuthutha) kanye nezidingo zezindleko (intengo, ubuningi, ukutholakala, izici zesistimu).
I. Izidingo zokusebenza kwezinto zokwakha
1. Izici ezimile
Umgomo wokulinganisa izakhiwo ezimile zesisekelo ngokuvamile ukuqina kwezinto—ukuguquguquka okuncane ngaphansi komthwalo, kunokuba kube namandla aphezulu. Ngokuguquguquka okumile okumile, ukuthungwa kwamaminerali kungacatshangwa njengezinto ezilinganayo ezi-isotropic ezilalela umthetho kaHooke.
Ubuningi kanye ne-modulus yokunwebeka kwezinto zokubumba amaminerali ngokulandelana kuyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zalezo zensimbi ephothiwe. Njengoba izinto zokubumba amaminerali kanye nezinsimbi zokubumba zinokuqina okufanayo, ngaphansi kwesisindo esifanayo, ukuqina kwezinto zokubumba insimbi kanye nezinto zokubumba amaminerali kuyafana ngaphandle kokucabangela ithonya lesimo. Ezimweni eziningi, ubukhulu bodonga lomklamo lwezinto zokubumba amaminerali buvame ukuphindwe kathathu kunobokubumba insimbi, futhi lo mklamo ngeke ubangele izinkinga ngokwezakhiwo zemishini zomkhiqizo noma izinto zokubumba. Izinto zokubumba amaminerali zifanele ukusebenza ezindaweni ezingashintshi ezithwala ingcindezi (isb. imibhede, izisekelo, amakholomu) futhi azifaneleki njengezinhlaka ezincane ezibiyelwe ngodonga kanye/noma ezincane (isb. amatafula, amaphalethi, izinto zokushintsha amathuluzi, izinqola, izisekelo ze-spindle). Isisindo sezingxenye zesakhiwo ngokuvamile sinqunyelwe imishini yabakhiqizi bezinto zokubumba amaminerali, kanti imikhiqizo yokubumba amaminerali engaphezu kwamathani ayi-15 ngokuvamile ayivamile.
2. Izici eziguqukayo
Uma ijubane lokujikeleza kanye/noma ukusheshisa komgodi kukhulu, kulapho ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo komshini kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukubeka ngokushesha, ukushintshwa kwamathuluzi okusheshayo, kanye nokudla okusheshayo kuqinisa njalo ukuzwakala komshini kanye nokuvuselelwa okunamandla kwezingxenye zesakhiwo somshini. Ngaphezu kokwakheka kobukhulu bengxenye, ukuphambuka, ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo, kanye nokuqina okunamandla kwengxenye kuthinteka kakhulu yizakhiwo zokumanzisa kwezinto.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mineral castings kunikeza ikhambi elihle kulezi zinkinga. Ngenxa yokuthi imunca ukudlidliza okungcono ngokuphindwe kayishumi kune-cast iron yendabuko, inganciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu kanye nemvamisa yemvelo.
Emisebenzini yokugaya efana nokugaya, kungaletha ukunemba okuphezulu, ikhwalithi engcono ebusweni, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwamathuluzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, maqondana nomsindo, ukugaya amaminerali nakho kusebenze kahle ngokuqhathanisa nokuqinisekisa izisekelo, ukugaya okudlulisela kanye nezesekeli zezinto ezahlukene zezinjini ezinkulu kanye nama-centrifuge. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa komsindo womthelela, ukugaya amaminerali kungafinyelela ukwehla kwendawo okungu-20% ezingeni lokucindezela komsindo.
3. Izakhiwo zokushisa
Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi cishe u-80% wokuphambuka kwamathuluzi omshini kubangelwa imiphumela yokushisa. Ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo njengemithombo yokushisa yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle, ukushisa kwangaphambili, ukushintsha izinto zokusebenza, njll. konke kuyizimbangela zokuguquguquka kokushisa. Ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha izinto ezinhle kakhulu, kubalulekile ukucacisa izidingo zezinto zokwakha. Ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphansi kuvumela ukuthungwa kwamaminerali ukuthi kube ne-inertia enhle yokushisa kumathonya okushisa esikhashana (njengokushintsha izinto zokusebenza) kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile. Uma kudingeka ukushisa okusheshayo njengombhede wensimbi noma izinga lokushisa lombhede livinjelwe, amadivayisi okushisa noma okupholisa angaphonswa ngqo ekuthungweni kwamaminerali ukulawula izinga lokushisa. Ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwedivayisi yokunciphisa izinga lokushisa kunganciphisa ukuguqulwa okubangelwa ithonya lokushisa, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukunemba ngezindleko ezifanele.
II. Izidingo zokusebenza kanye nezakhiwo
Ubuqotho buyisici esihlukanisa ukuthungwa kwamaminerali kwezinye izinto. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthungwa kwamaminerali lingu-45°C, futhi kanye nokubumba okunembe kakhulu kanye namathuluzi, izingxenye kanye nokuthungwa kwamaminerali kungathungwa ndawonye.
Amasu okuphinda asetshenziswe kabusha angasetshenziswa nasezindaweni ezingenalutho zokuphonsa amaminerali, okuholela ekufakweni okunembile kanye nezindawo zesitimela ezingadingi imishini. Njengezinye izinto eziyisisekelo, ukuphonsa amaminerali kuncike emithethweni ethile yokuklama isakhiwo. Ubukhulu bodonga, izesekeli ezithwala umthwalo, ukufakwa kwezintambo, izindlela zokulayisha nokulayisha konke kuhlukile kwezinye izinto ngezinga elithile, futhi kudinga ukucatshangelwa kusengaphambili ngesikhathi sokuklama.
III. Izidingo zezindleko
Nakuba kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwakho. Ukusebenzisa ama-mineral castings kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bonge izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokusebenza ezibalulekile. Ngaphezu kokonga izindleko zomshini, ukusika, ukuhlanganisa kokugcina, kanye nokwenyusa izindleko ze-logistics (izindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nezokuthutha) konke kuncishisiwe ngokufanele. Uma ucabangela umsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu wama-mineral castings, kufanele kubhekwe njengomsebenzi wonke. Eqinisweni, kunengqondo kakhulu ukwenza ukuqhathanisa intengo lapho isisekelo sifakiwe noma sifakwe kusengaphambili. Izindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kakhulu yizindleko zama-mineral castings molds kanye namathuluzi, kodwa le ndleko ingancishiswa ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside (izingcezu ezingu-500-1000/i-steel mold), kanti ukusetshenziswa konyaka kungaba yizingcezu ezingu-10-15.
IV. Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa
Njengezinto zokwakha, ukubumba amaminerali kuhlala kuthatha indawo yezinto zokwakha zendabuko, futhi isihluthulelo sentuthuko yaso esheshayo sisekubumbeni amaminerali, isikhunta, kanye nezakhiwo zokubopha ezizinzile. Njengamanje, ukubumba amaminerali kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yamathuluzi omshini njengemishini yokugaya kanye nomshini wokugaya osheshayo. Abakhiqizi bemishini yokugaya bebe ngamaphayona emkhakheni wamathuluzi omshini besebenzisa ukubumba amaminerali emibhedeni yomshini. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezidumile emhlabeni wonke ezifana ne-ABA z&b, iBahmler, iJung, iMikrosa, iSchaudt, iStude, njll. bezilokhu zizuza ekuncipheni, ekushiseni okushisa kanye nobuqotho bokubumba amaminerali ukuze kutholakale ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu ebusweni enkambisweni yokugaya.
Njengoba imithwalo enamandla ikhula njalo, ukuthungwa kwamaminerali nakho kuyathandwa kakhulu yizinkampani ezihamba phambili emhlabeni emkhakheni wama-grinder amathuluzi. Umbhede wokuthungwa kwamaminerali unokuqina okuhle kakhulu futhi ungasusa kahle amandla abangelwa ukusheshisa kwenjini eqondile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inhlanganisela yemvelo yokusebenza okuhle kokumuncwa kokudlidliza kanye nenjini eqondile ingathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yobuso bento yokusebenza kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo yesondo lokugaya.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-18-2022