Yiziphi izinzuzo zesikhungo sokukhanda umbhede wemabula wamaminerali?
Ukubunjwa kwamaminerali (i-granite eyenziwe ngumuntu aka ukhonkolo we-resin) kwamukelwe kabanzi embonini yamathuluzi omshini iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30 njengento yesakhiwo.
Ngokwezibalo, e-Europe, ithuluzi lomshini elilodwa kwayi-10 lisebenzisa ukukhishwa kwamaminerali njengombhede.Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kokuhlangenwe nakho okungalungile, ulwazi olungaphelele noma olungalungile kungaholela ekusolweni nasekubandlululeni iMineral Castings.Ngakho-ke, lapho wenza imishini emisha, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya izinzuzo nezinkinga zokubunjwa kwamaminerali futhi uziqhathanise nezinye izinto.
Isisekelo semishini yokwakha ngokuvamile sihlukaniswa ngensimbi ewukhonkolo, ukubunjwa kwamaminerali (i-polymer kanye/noma ukhonkolo we-resin osebenzayo), isakhiwo sensimbi/ esishiselwe (i-grouting/non-grouting) namatshe emvelo (njengegwadle).Impahla ngayinye inezici zayo, futhi azikho izinto eziphelele zesakhiwo.Kuphela ngokuhlola izinzuzo kanye nebubi bezinto ezibonakalayo ngokwezidingo ezithile zesakhiwo, kungakhethwa ukwaziswa kwesakhiwo esifanele.
Imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile yezinto zokwakha—iqinisekisa ukumuncwa kwejiyomethri, isikhundla namandla ezingxenyeni, ngokulandelana ibeka phambili izidingo zokusebenza (ukusebenza okumile, okuguquguqukayo nokushisayo), izidingo zokusebenza/isakhiwo (ukunemba, isisindo, ukujiya kodonga, ukunemba kwezinsimbi zomhlahlandlela) ukufakwa kwezinto, isistimu yokusatshalaliswa kwemidiya, okokusebenza) kanye nezidingo zezindleko (inani, inani, ukutholakala, izici zesistimu).
I. Izidingo zokusebenza zezinto zokwakha
1. Izici ezimile
Umbandela wokulinganisa izakhiwo ezimile zesisekelo ngokuvamile ukuqina kwezinto ezibonakalayo-ukuguqulwa okuncane ngaphansi komthwalo, kunokuba amandla aphezulu.Ngokuguqulwa kokunwebeka okumile, ukulingwa kwamaminerali kungacatshangwa njengezinto ze-isotropic homogeneous ezithobela umthetho ka-Hooke.
Ukuminyana kanye ne-elastic modulus yokusakazwa kwamaminerali ngokulandelana kwe-1/3 yaleyo yensimbi ekhonjiwe.Njengoba ama-mineral castings kanye nezinsimbi eziphonswe zinokuqina okufanayo okuqondile, ngaphansi kwesisindo esifanayo, ukuqina kwe-iron castings kanye ne-mineral castings kuyafana ngaphandle kokucabangela ithonya lokuma.Ezimweni eziningi, ukujiya kodonga lokuklama kokusakazwa kwamaminerali kuvame ukuphinda izikhathi ezi-3 kokwensimbi, futhi lo mklamo ngeke ubangele izinkinga ngokwezakhiwo zemishini zomkhiqizo noma ukusakaza.Ukubunjwa kwamaminerali kulungele ukusebenza ezindaweni ezimile ezithwala ingcindezi (isb. imibhede, izisekelo, amakholomu) futhi azifaneleki njengamafreyimu anezindonga ezincane kanye/noma ezincane (isb. amatafula, amaphalethi, izishintshi zamathuluzi, amakalishi, izisekelo zokuphotha).Isisindo sezingxenye zesakhiwo ngokuvamile sinqunyelwe izinto ezisetshenziswa abakhiqizi bamaminerali, futhi imikhiqizo yokuphonsa ngamaminerali ngaphezu kwamathani ayi-15 ngokuvamile ayivamile.
2. Izici ezinamandla
Uma isivinini sokujikeleza sikhulu kanye/noma ukusheshiswa kwe-shaft, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo komshini.Ukuma ngokushesha, ukushintshwa kwamathuluzi ngokushesha, kanye nokuphakelayo kwesivinini esikhulu ngokuqhubekayo kuqinisa ukuzwakala komshini kanye nesasasa elinamandla lezingxenye zesakhiwo somshini.Ngokungeziwe ekwakhiweni kobukhulu bengxenye, ukuchezuka, ukusabalalisa ngobuningi, nokuqina okuguquguqukayo kwengxenye kuthintwa kakhulu izici zokudambisa zezinto.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mineral castings kunikeza isisombululo esihle kulezi zinkinga.Ngenxa yokuthi imunca ukudlidliza izikhathi eziyishumi kangcono kunensimbi evamile, inganciphisa kakhulu i-amplitude nemvamisa yemvelo.
Emisebenzini yokwenza imishini efana nokwenza imishini, ingaletha ukunemba okuphezulu, ikhwalithi ephezulu yendawo, kanye nempilo ende yamathuluzi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokomthelela womsindo, ukukhishwa kwezimbiwa nakho kusebenze kahle ngokuqhathanisa nokuqinisekiswa kwezisekelo, ukusakaza kokudlulisela kanye nezinsiza zezinto ezihlukahlukene zezinjini ezinkulu nama-centrifuges.Ngokuvumelana nokuhlaziywa komsindo womthelela, ukubunjwa kwezimbiwa phansi kungazuza ukuncipha kwendawo ngama-20% ezingeni lokucindezela komsindo.
3. Izakhiwo ezishisayo
Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi cishe u-80% wokuchezuka kwamathuluzi omshini kubangelwa imiphumela yokushisa.Iziphazamiso zezinqubo ezifana nemithombo yokushisa yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle, ukushisa ngaphambili, ukushintsha iziqephu zokusebenza, njll. zonke ziyizimbangela zokonakala kokushisa.Ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha impahla engcono kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukucacisa izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo.Ukushisa okukhethekile okuphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka okuphansi kwe-thermal kuvumela ukusakazwa kwamaminerali ukuthi kube ne-inertia enhle yokushisa kuya kumathonya okushisa esikhashana (njengokushintsha izinto zokusebenza) kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile.Uma ukufudumala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuyadingeka njengombhede wensimbi noma izinga lokushisa lombhede livinjelwe, izinto zokushisisa noma zokupholisa zingaphonswa ngokuqondile ekubunjweni kwamaminerali ukuze kulawulwe izinga lokushisa.Ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwedivayisi yesinxephezelo sokushisa kunganciphisa ukuguqulwa okubangelwa ithonya lokushisa, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukunemba ngezindleko ezifanele.
II.Izidingo zokusebenza nesakhiwo
Ubuqotho buyisici esihlukanisayo esihlukanisa ukubunjwa kwamaminerali kwezinye izinto.Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuphonsa lokubunjwa kwamaminerali lingama-45°C, futhi kanye nokubunjwa okunembe kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi, izingxenye kanye nokubunjwa kwamaminerali kungahlanganiswa.
Amasu okusakaza kabusha athuthukisiwe angasetshenziswa nasezikhaleni zokuphonsa amaminerali, okuholela ekukhwezeni okunembayo nezindawo zikaloliwe ezingadingi ukwenziwa ngomshini.Njengezinye izinto eziyisisekelo, ukukhishwa kwamaminerali kungaphansi kwemithetho ethile yokuklama kwesakhiwo.Ukuqina kwezindonga, izesekeli ezithwala imithwalo, ukufakwa kwezimbambo, izindlela zokulayisha nezokukhipha zonke zihlukile kwezinye izinto ngokwezinga elithile, futhi zidinga ukucatshangelwa kusengaphambili ngesikhathi sokuklama.
III.Izidingo zezindleko
Nakuba kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, ukuphumelela kwezindleko kuya ngokuya kubonisa ukubaluleka kwakho.Ukusebenzisa ukukhishwa kwamaminerali kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi basindise izindleko ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza nezokusebenza.Ngaphezu kokulondoloza izindleko zokwenza imishini, ukulingisa, ukuhlanganisa okokugcina, kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zezokuthutha (indawo yokugcina impahla nezokuthutha) konke kwehliswa ngokufanele.Uma kucatshangelwa umsebenzi wezinga eliphezulu lokubunjwa kwamaminerali, kufanele kubhekwe njengephrojekthi yonke.Eqinisweni, kunengqondo kakhulu ukwenza ukuqhathanisa kwentengo lapho isisekelo sifakiwe noma sifakwe ngaphambili.Izindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kakhulu yizindleko zokubunjwa kwamaminerali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi, kodwa lezi zindleko zingahlanjululwa ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside (izingcezu ezingu-500-1000 / isikhunta sensimbi), futhi ukusetshenziswa konyaka cishe yizicucu ezingu-10-15.
IV.Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa
Njengempahla yesakhiwo, ukubunjwa kwamaminerali kuhlala kungena esikhundleni sezinto ezivamile zesakhiwo, futhi isihluthulelo sokuthuthuka kwayo ngokushesha silele ekubunjweni kwamaminerali, isikhunta, kanye nezakhiwo eziqinile zokubopha.Njengamanje, ukukhishwa kwamaminerali sekusetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi yamathuluzi omshini njengemishini yokugaya kanye nomshini wejubane eliphezulu.Abakhiqizi bemishini yokugaya bebengamavulandlela emkhakheni wamathuluzi omshini besebenzisa ukukhishwa kwamaminerali emibhedeni yomshini.Isibonelo, izinkampani ezidume umhlaba wonke ezifana ne-ABA z&b, Bahmler, Jung, Mikrosa, Schaudt, Stude, njll. bezilokhu zihlomula ngokuncibilika, inertia eshisayo kanye nobuqotho bokusakazwa kwamaminerali ukuze zithole ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yendawo yokugaya. .
Ngemithwalo eguquguqukayo ehlala ikhula, ukubunjwa kwamaminerali nakho kuya ngokuya kuthandwa izinkampani ezihamba phambili emhlabeni emkhakheni wokugaya amathuluzi.Umbhede wokuphonsa amaminerali unokuqina okuhle kakhulu futhi ungaqeda amandla okubangelwa ukusheshisa kwenjini yomugqa.Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanganisela ye-organic yokusebenza okuhle kokudlidliza kokudonsa kanye nenjini yomugqa kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yangaphezulu yesiqeshana sokusebenza kanye nempilo yesevisi yesondo lokugaya.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-18-2022