Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuthi “Ukulandelela Ukulinganisa” (nokuthi kungani kufanele kuhlolwe)

Uma uke wafunda ishidi lomhlinzeki wezinto ezithile futhi wabona umugqa ofana nokuthi “ulinganiswe, ungalandelelwa ngokwezindinganiso zikazwelonke,” kulula ukuwudlula njenge-boilerplate. Akufanele kube njalo. Ukulandelela kungenye yezinto ezimbalwa eshidini lokuhlola eziqinisekiswayo, futhi kungenye yezinto ezivame ukweqiswa kakhulu.

Uchungechunge, luchazwe kalula

Ukulandelela kusho ukuthi ukunemba kwethuluzi lokulinganisa kungaxhunyaniswa, ngochungechunge olungapheli lokuqhathanisa, kubuyele esimisweni sezwe noma samazwe ngamazwe esiqashelwayo. Empeleni lokhu kubukeka njengephiramidi: isikhungo sikazwelonke se-metrology - i-NIST e-US, i-PTB eJalimane, i-NIM eShayina, i-NPL e-UK - sigcina amazinga okubhekisela ayinhloko. Amalabhorethri okulinganisa esifunda agunyaziwe aqhathanisa imishini yawo yokubhekisela nalawo mazinga ayinhloko esikhawulweni esichaziwe. Amathuluzi okuhlola efektri - izinkomba zokudayela, ama-interferometer e-laser, amazinga kagesi - abese elinganiswa ngokuqhathanisa nezinkomba zelebhu yesifunda, ngesitifiketi esiqinisekisa ukuqhathanisa, ukuphambuka okulinganisiwe, kanye nosuku.

Phula noma yisiphi isixhumanisi kulolo chungechunge bese igama elithi “elilinganisiwe” liyeka ukuba nencazelo enkulu. Ithuluzi elalinganiswa kanye, eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, ngokumelene nemishini eyayingakaze ilandelwe esikhungweni sikazwelonke, alihlukile ngokunenjongo kuthuluzi elingalinganisiwe — linesitika nje esenza libukeke ngenye indlela.

Kungani lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumapulatifomu asekelwe egranite nangamatshe

Amapuleti obuso be-granite kanye namapulatifomu okulinganisa ngokunemba kuyisibonelo esihle sokuthi ukulandeleka kweqiwa kuphi lapho kwenziwa khona. Ukuthamba kule mikhiqizo kuvame ukucaciswa ngokwezinga likazwelonke - i-DIN 876 kanye ne-DIN 875 yaseJalimane, i-GGG-P-463C yaseMelika, i-JIS B 7513 yaseJapan, amazinga e-GB kazwelonke aseShayina, i-BS 817 yaseBrithani, noma izinhlaka ezifanayo eFrance naseRussia. Izinga ngalinye lichaza ukuphambuka okuvumelekile kokuthamba kuwo wonke amasayizi nama-grade ahlukene epuleti (ngokuvamile iBanga 00, iBanga 0, iBanga 1, iBanga 2). Ipuleti elibhalwe ukuthi “iBanga 0” alisho lutho ngaphandle kwemibhalo yokuthi lilinganiswe ngaliphi izinga, yiliphi ithuluzi elenza ukukala, nokuthi ukulinganisa kwalelo thuluzi kuyalandeleka yini.

Yilapho futhi umehluko phakathi kokulinganisa i-interferometer kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-mechanical straightedge uba khona obalulekile. I-laser interferometer ingaxazulula ukuphambuka kokuthamba ezingeni le-nanometer futhi yona ngokwayo ilinganiswa nezinga le-optical wavelength, elingalandeleka ngqo njengoba isilinganiso sithola. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-straightedge okuhlolwe ngesandla kuyashesha futhi kushibhile, kodwa kunebhendi ebanzi kakhulu yokungaqiniseki, futhi ama-lab adumile ngokuvamile ayazi ngqo ukuthi iyiphi indlela esetshenziswe isitifiketi esinikeziwe.

Uhlu olufushane lokuhlola lwabathengi

Noma ubani ocacisayoimishini yokunemba— amapulatifomu e-granite, izinto ezisetshenziswa yi-CMM, imibhede yamathuluzi omshini — imibuzo embalwa ifanele ukubuzwa kunoma yimuphi umhlinzeki ngaphambi kokuthatha isimangalo "esilinganisiwe" ngenani elibonakalayo:

• Yiliphi izinga lesizwe noma lamazwe ngamazwe elalinganiswa ngalo, futhi ingabe isitifiketi silisho ngokusobala?
• Yiliphi ilabhorethri elikhiphe isitifiketi sokulinganisa, futhi ingabe lelo labhorethri ngokwalo livunyelwe yisikhungo sikazwelonke esiqashelwayo se-metrology?
• Yisiphi insimbi esasetshenziswa ekulinganisweni, futhi ingabe kukhona usuku lokulinganisa kanye nerekhodi lokulandelela laleyo nsimbi?
• Ingabe isitifiketi sengxenye ethile enezinombolo zochungechunge siyathunyelwa, noma idokhumenti ejwayelekile yomugqa womkhiqizo?

Akukho kulokhu okuwulwazi olungavamile — abahlinzeki abathembekile balunikeza njengendaba, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokucelwa kabili. Izimo lapho kuba nzima khona ukuthola impendulo eqondile ngokuvamile yizo izimo okufanele ziqashelwe.