Izindaba - Kuyini ukwakheka kwama-granites?

Kuyini ukwakheka kwama-granites?

IgceniIdwala elihlaselwe kakhulu ekuqothulweni kwezwekazi laseMhlabeni, liyaziwa njengetshe elicwengekileyo, elimhlophe, elimpunga, nelimnyama lokuhlobisa. Kumahlaya kuya kokuphakathi. Amaminerali alo aphambili asemqoka yi-feldspar, i-quartz kanye ne-mica, eyenzeka njenge-silvery muscovite noma umnyama wesikebhe noma sobabili. Kula maminerali, i-feldspar ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi i-quartz ivame ukubala amaphesenti angaphezu kwe-10. I-Alkali Feldspars imvamisa ipinki, okuholela ekutheni i-pink granite ivame ukusetshenziswa njengetshe lokuhlobisa. UGranite unquma usuka eSilica-Rich Marmas amamayela ajulile ekuqothulweni komhlaba. Amadiphozi amaningi amaminerali akha eduze kwezindikimba ze-crystalliting granite kusuka kwizixazululo ze-hydrothermal ukuthi izidumbu ezinjalo zikhululwa.

Ukuhlela ngohlobo oluthile

Engxenyeni engenhla yokuhlukaniswa kwe-qapf kwamatshe we-plutonic (Streekeisen, 1976), insimu yamagogo ichazwa ngokuqanjwa kwe-quartz (Q 20 - 60%) kanye ne-syenogranite kanye neMozogranite. Amadwala kuphela avela ngaphakathi kwe-syenogranite athathwa njengoGranites ezincwadini ze-Anglo-Saxon. Ezincwadini zaseYurophu, amadwala abonisa ngaphakathi kweSynogranite naseMondweni. I-Monzogranite Sub-field iqukethe i-Adamellite ne-Quartz Mononite ezihlukanisweni ezindala. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-rock cassification kuncoma ngokwenqaba kakhulu ukwenqaba igama elithi Adamellite kanye negama njenge-quartz monzonite kuphela amadwala asebenza ngaphakathi kwe-quartz monszonite field senssuth.

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Isilinganiso somhlaba wonke sokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-granite, ngamaphesenti wesisindo,

Kususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-2485:

I-SIO2 72.04% (SILICA)
I-Al2o3 14.42% (Alumina)
K2o 4.12%
Na1o 3.69%
I-CAO 1.82%
Feoo 1.68%
FE2O3 1.22%
Mgo 0.71%
Tio2 0.30%
P2o5 0.12%
I-MNO 0.05%

Ihlala iqukethe amaminerali quartz kanye ne-feldspar, enaye noma ngaphandle kwamanye amaminerali ahlukahlukene (amaminerali atholakalayo). I-quartz ne-feldspar ngokuvamile inika i-granite umbala okhanyayo, osukela ku-pinkish uye emhlophe. Lowo umbala wangemuva okhanyayo uthathwa ngamaminerali angezelwa abamnyama. Ngakho-ke i-granite ye-classic ine- "usawoti-andpepper" ukubukeka. Amaminerali ajwayelekile atholakala kakhulu yi-Mica Biotite emnyama ne-Amphibole Hornblende. Cishe wonke la madwala angenamuzwa (aqiniswe avela ku-magma) kanye ne-plutonic (kwakwenza lokho emzimbeni omkhulu, osheshe angcwatshwe noma i-pluton). Ukuhlelwa okungahleliwe kwama-grains eGranite- ukuntuleka kwalo kwendwangu - kuwubufakazi bemvelaphi yabo ye-plutonic. I-Rock nge-compiosition efanayo ne-granite ingakha nge-metamorPhorphism ende nejulile yamatshe edimentary. Kepha lolo hlobo lwamatshe lunendwangu eqinile futhi imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-granite gneiss.

Inceku + ekhomba iphuzu

Ubuningi obuphakathi kwalo buphakathi kuka-2.65 no-2.75 g / cm3, amandla ayo acindezelwe ngokuvamile amanga ngaphezu kwama-200 MPA, futhi ukubonakala kwalo eduze kwe-STP kungu-3-6. Ukushisa okuncibilikayo kungu-1215-1260 ° C. Inokubumba okuyisisekelo okuyisisekelo kodwa okuqinile kwesibili.

Ukukwenzeka kwedwala lamagogo

Kutholakala emaphandleni amakhulu emazwenikazi, ezindaweni lapho kuqubuka khona emhlabeni kwaqedwa ngokujulile. Lokhu kunengqondo, ngoba i-granite kumele iqinise kancane ezindaweni ezingcwatshwe ngokujulile ukwenza okusanhlamvu okukhulu kakhulu kwamaminerali. Ama-Prutons amancane kune-100 skwele amakhilomitha endaweni abizwa ngokuthi amasheya, kanti abakhulu babizwa ngokuthi ama-batholiths. ILavas iqhuma emhlabeni wonke, kepha i-lava enokwakheka okufanayo njenge-granite (i-Rhyolite) iqhuma kuphela emazwenikazi. Lokho kusho ukuthi i-granite kumele yakha ngokuncibilika kwamadwala ezwekazi. Lokho kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: Ukungeza ukushisa nokwengeza ama-volutiles (amanzi noma i-carbon dioxide noma zombili). Izwekazi lishisa kakhulu ngoba liqukethe iningi le-uranium yeplanethi ye-uranium ne-potassium, eshisa okukuzungezile ngokuwohloka kwemisebe. Nomaphi lapho i-crust ikhudlwana ithambekele ekutholeni okushisayo ngaphakathi (ngokwesibonelo eTibetan Plateau). Futhi izinqubo ze-Plate Tectonics, ikakhulukazi okucashunwe, zingadala ukuthi ama-basaltic Magis akhuphuke ngaphansi kwamazwekazi. Ngaphezu kokushisa, la ma-magimas akhipha i-CO2 namanzi, asiza amatshe azo zonke izinhlobo ancibilike emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi amanani amakhulu we-basaltic Magma angabukelwa phansi kwezwekazi elibizwa ngenqubo ebizwa nge-hekisip. Ngokukhishwa okuhamba kancane kokushisa noketshezi kusuka kulokho okubhaliwe, inani elikhulu lokugcwala kwezwekazi lingaphendukela eGranite ngasikhathi sinye.

Kutholakalaphi?

Kuze kube manje, kuyaziwa ukuthi kutholakala emhlabeni kuphela okugcwele kuwo wonke amazwekazi njengengxenye yokuqothuka kwezwekazi. Leli dwala litholakala ezinxibelweni ezincane, ezinjengezitoko ezingaphansi kwe-100 km², noma kuma-sagechiths eziyingxenye yamabanga asezintabeni e-orogenic. Kanye nelinye izwekazi namadwala alengayo, ngokuvamile kwakha isisekelo sethambeka elingaphansi komhlaba. Kutholakala naseLacolites, emikhondweni nasemibukeni. Njengakwenziwa eGranite, amanye ama-rock variats yi-alpids nama-pegmatites. Anamathela ngosayizi omuhle wezinhlayiyana kunokuba kwenzeke emingceleni yokuhlaselwa yi-granitic. Ama-Pegmatites amaningi e-granurar kune-granite ngokuvamile abelana ngamadiphozithi e-granite.

Kusetshenziswa i-Granite

AbaseGibhithe lasendulo bakha amaphiramidi avela kuma-granites kanye namatshe alondo.
Okunye okusetshenziswa eGibhithe lasendulo amakholomu, ama-lintels eminyango, ama-sill, ukubumba kanye nodonga kanye nesembozo saphansi.
URajaraja Chola the Chola Dynasty eSouth India, ngekhulu le-11 ad edolobheni laseTanjore eNdiya, wenza ithempeli lokuqala lomhlaba wonke. Ithempeli laseBrihadeeswarar, elinikezelwe ku-Lord Shiva, lakhiwa ngo-1010.
EMbusweni WaseRoma, uGranite waba yingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zokwakha kanye nolimi lwezakhiwo oluyisikhumbuzo.
Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengetshe likasayizi. Kususelwa ekulimaleni, kube yidwala eliwusizo ngenxa yesakhiwo salo esamukele kanzima futhi licwebezelayo kanye nesiPolish ukuthwala izinsimbi ezisobala.
Isetshenziswa ezikhaleni zangaphakathi zama-slabs ama-granite acwebezelayo, amathayili, amabhentshi, izitezi zamathayela, ukunyathela kwezitebhisi nezinye izici eziningi ezisebenzayo nezokuhlobisa.

-Isimanje

Isetshenziselwa amatshe ethuna kanye nezikhumbuzo.
Isetshenziselwa izinhloso zaphansi.
Onjiniyela ngokwesiko basebenzise amapuleti angaphezulu e-granite acwebezelayo ukudala indiza eyireferensi ngoba ayinakufinyeleleka futhi ayiguquguquki

Ukukhiqizwa Kwegranite

Imayini imbiwe emhlabeni wonke kepha imibala eminingi evamile evelele itholakala kuma-granite deposits eBrazil, India, China, eFinland, South Africa naseNyakatho Melika. Le dwala le-rock iyinqubo enkulu nezabasebenzi. Izingcezu ze-granite zisuswa kuma-deposits ngokusika noma ukufafaza imisebenzi. Kusetshenziselwa ama-slices akhethekile ukusika izingcezu ezikhishwe ama-granite zibe amapuleti aphathekayo, azopakishwa futhi athuthwe yizitimela noma ngezinsizakalo zokuthumela. I-China, iBrazil neNdiya bangabakhiqizi abahola ama-granite emhlabeni.

Ukugcina

Itshe elaziwa ngokuthi "i-Black Granite" imvamisa i-Gabbro enezinto ezihluke ngokuphelele zamakhemikhali.
Idwala eliningi kakhulu ekuqothulweni kwezwekazi laseMhlabeni. Ezindaweni ezinkulu ezaziwa ngokuthi amawashi nasezindaweni ezisemqoka emazwenikazi aziwa ngokuthi izihlangu zitholakala emqondweni wezindawo eziningi ezinezintaba.
Amakristalu amaminerali akhombisa ukuthi aphola kancane emgqonyeni wedwala elibunjiwe elakhiwa ngaphansi kobuso bomhlaba futhi kudinga isikhathi eside.
Uma i-granite ivezwa ebusweni bomhlaba, ibangelwa ukukhuphuka kwamatshe amatshe amatshe nokuguguleka kwamatshe alengayo ngaphezulu kwawo.
Ngaphansi kwamadwala adimentary, ama-granites, ama-granites e-metamorphoseds noma amadwala ahlobene avamisile ngaphansi kwalesi simbozo. Kamuva baziwa njenge-Basement Rocks.
Izincazelo ezisetshenziselwa i-granite zivame ukuholela ekuxhumaneni ngedwala futhi kwesinye isikhathi zidala ukudideka. Kwesinye isikhathi kunezincazelo eziningi ezisetshenzisiwe. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuchaza i-granite.
Inkambo elula emadwaleni, kanye noGranite, Mic kanye nama-Amphibole Minerals, ingachazwa njenge-rouse coarse, ukukhanya, i-rock rock equkethe ikakhulukazi i-feldspar kanye ne-quartz.
Isazi se-rock sizochaza ukwakheka okuqondile kwedwala, futhi ochwepheshe abaningi ngeke basebenzise uGranite ukukhomba idwala ngaphandle kokuthi lihlangane namaphesenti athile amaminerali. Bangayibiza ngokuthi i-alkaline granite, i-granoniorite, isikhonyane noma i-aplite.
Incazelo yezentengiselwano esetshenziswa ngabathengisi nabathengi imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi amadwala ama-granular anzima kune-granite. Bangabiza i-granite yaseGabro, i-basalt, i-pegmatite, i-gneiss namanye amadwala amaningi.
Ngokuvamile kuchazwa ngokuthi "Itshe Elikhulu" elinganqunywa ngobude obuthile, ububanzi nobukhulu.
UGranite unamandla ngokwanele ukubekezelela kakhulu ukuhlukunyezwa, izinsimbi ezinkulu, zimela isimo sezulu futhi wamukele ama-varnish. Itshe elifiseleka kakhulu futhi elilusizo.
Yize izindleko ze-granite ziphakeme kakhulu kunentengo yezinye izinto ezenziwe ngabantu ngamaphrojekthi, kubhekwa njengento ehlonishwayo esetshenziselwa ukuthonya abanye ngenxa yobuhle bayo, ukuqina kanye nekhwalithi.